Motion with constant acceleration: Equations of motion

Important points about graphical

(i) v=u+at MOTION
1 at2 analysis of motion
Distance = Length of actual path
(ii) S =ut+-
2 [ v = dx
Displacement = Length of Instantaneous velocity is the slope of dt
[
A Person travels from A to B covers unequal distances in equal ALONG A
interval of time with constant acceleration a then position-time curve
shortest path
Distance > |displacement| 3S1-S2 S1 S2 Area of v-t curve gives displacement.
[ x=∫vdt [ STRAIGHT
initial velocity U= dv
2t Slope of velocity-time curve = instantaneous
t t
S2-S1 A
0
B acceleration
[a = dt [
Acceleration a = 2
LINE
A particle moves from A to B in a circular path of t
Area of a-t curve gives change in velocity.
radius R covering an angle  with uniform speed U [  v =∫adt[
(iii) v2=u2+2a.s
Distance=AB = R Displacement=AB= 2RSin U The number of planks required to stop the bullet u
( 2 v
(
 U u2 A car accelerates from rest at a constant rate  for some time, after which it
Ratio of Displacement to Distance = Sin N= 2 2 decelerates at a constant rate , to come to rest. If the total time elapsed is t, then
2
(
( u -v
Time t =R 
The two ends of a train moving with constant acceleration pass a vmax A
U 2USin 2 
(
Average Velocity =
( 2 certain point with velocities u and v. The velocity with which the Vmax = t 
 middle point of the train passes the same point is  Total Distance = 1 t2
2  B
(
2
( O
u v t1 t2 t
Average Acceleration = U 2Sin  = u 2+v2
Mid
(
2 ( v
R  2
2 u2 u 0
Calculation of stopping distance s= s MOTION UNDER GRAVITY
2a .........
Sign Convention
For uniform motion (iv) sn =u+ a (2n-1) a
2 (i) initial velocity
Displacement = velocity x time
Ratio of distance travelled in equal interval of time in a uniformly +ve = upward motion
Average speed = |average velocity|=|instantaneous velocity| accelerated motion from rest -ve = downward motion
S1 S1 S2 S3

4
S1:S2:S3 = 1:3:5 (ii) Acceleration
t t t Always -ve

5
Time average speed A B
(iii) Displacement
Total distance covered s1 + s2 + s3 + ....+s n v 1t1 +v 2t 2 + v 3 t3 + ...... for uniform accelerated motion vavg u+v +ve = final position is above initial position
v av = = = =
Totaltime elapsed t1 + t2 + t3 + ....+ tn t1 + t2 + t3 + ...... 2 -ve = final position is below initial position
Zero = final position & initial position are at same level
If t1 = t2 =t3 = .....= t n
then Different Cases v-t graph s-t graph Object is dropped from top of a tower
v + v2 + v 3 +.....+V n
v av = 1 (i) Ratio of displacement in equal interval of time S1:S2:S3....=1:3:5....
n v s u=0
for v1 & v2, 1. Uniform motion v=constant t
v1+v2 s=v (ii) Ratio of time of covering equal distance
Vavg= (Arithmetic mean of speeds) h
2 t t t1:(t2-t1):(t3-t2):.......:(tn-tn-1)= 1: ( 2- 1):( 3- 2):...:( n- n-1

2 (iii) Ratio of total distance covered at the end of time t:2t:3t:....=12:22:32....

Distance average speed v s s =½ at
at
2. Uniformly accelerated motion v= If a body is thrown vertically up with a velocity u in the uniform gravitational field (neglecting
Total distance covered s1 + s2 + s3 +.....+ sn s + s + s3 + .....+ s n
v av = = = 1 2 with u =0 at t=0 t air resistance) then
Total time elapsed t1 + t2 +t3 + ....+ tn s1 s2 s3 s t
+ + +..... + n u2
v 1 v2 v 3 v n (i) Maximum height attained H =
If s1= s2= s 3= ...... sn s 2g
v s=ut+½at2 H
then 3. Uniformly accelerated with t (ii) Time of ascent = time of descent u
n +a g
v av = for v1 & v2,
2V1V2 u = 0 at t=0 & s=0 at t=0 v =u 2u u
1 1 1 1 (Harmonic mean of u (iii) Total time of flight = g
+ + + ......+ Vavg= t
v1 v2 v 3 vn V1+V2 speeds)
(iv) Velocity of fall at the point of projection = u (downwards)
s
v s=s0+ut+½at2
4. Uniformly accelerated motion t At any point on its path the body will have same speed for upward journey and
+a
with u=0 and s=s0 at t=0 v =u
dx u downward journey. If a body thrown upwards crosses a point in time t1 & t2 t1 t2
Instantaneous Velocity v=  x =∫vdt t H
dt respectively then
dv u h
 v =∫adt 1
Instantaneous Acceleration a = dt v s s=ut-½at2 height of point h=½ gt1t2 Maximum height H = g(t +t ) 2
5. Uniformly retarded motion till u v=u 8 1 2
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 -a
velocity becomes zero t Time of flight = t1+t2= 2u
v=f(t) or x=f(t)
g
V= f(x) t=f(x) t
then t0 t0 t A body is thrown upward, downward & horizontally with same speed
dv d2x dV v1
a= = 2 a= V a=-(double diff. of t w.r.t. x) X V3 v3
dt dt dx v s takes time t1, t2 & t3 respectively to reach the ground then
2 v2
6. Uniformly retarded then s=ut-½at
Differentiation Differentiation u v=u- t3 = t t & height from where the particle was throw is h= ½ gt1 t2 h
accelerated in opposite at 1 2
Displacement Velocity Acceleration t
direction t
Integration Integration t0 t0