DATTA MEGHE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,

AIROLI, NAVI MUMBAI

Submitted to

Prof. Nisha Jamkar

Submitted by
SWAPNIL PANSARE
ADITYA PATIL

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement of

UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI
In
Sensor Lab
For the Academic Year
2024-25

I
 TEAM DETAILS

SR. STUDENT ROLL

NAME CLASS
NO ID NO.

1 SWAPNIL PANSARE 2022FHIT128 19 TE IT B

2 ADITYA PATIL 2022FHIT116 24 TE IT B

II
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sr. No. Description Page No.

TITLE PAGE I

TEAM DETAILS II

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL III

TABLE OF CONTENTS IV

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS V

ABSTRACT VI

Chapter 1
1. Introduction
2. Literature Survey
1 VII-IX
3. Problem Definition
4. Objectives
5. Wireless Technology Used

Chapter 2
1. System Design
2 2. Circuit Diagram X-XIII
3. Hardware &Software Requirements
4. Cost Estimation

Chapter 3
1. System Overview
3 2. Software Implementation XIV-XV
3. Testing & Validation

4 Chapter 4 XVI

5 LIST OF REFERENCES XVII

III
 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig. No. Description Page No.

2.2.1 Process Design XI

2.3.1 Hardware Requirements XII

2.3.2 Software Requirements XII

2.4 Cost Estimation XIII

3.1 System Overview XIV

IV
 ABSTRACT

Road accidents are a major cause of fatalities worldwide, necessitating the

development of intelligent accident detection and alert systems. This paper
presents an IoT-based Accident Alert System (Accident Alert Pro) that enables
real-time accident detection and emergency response using smart sensors and
cloud computing. The system integrates accelerometers, GPS, and IoT-enabled
microcontrollers to monitor vehicle motion, detect collisions, and determine
accident locations. Upon detecting an accident, the system automatically sends
alerts containing the precise location and severity of the accident to emergency
services and predefined contacts via cloud-based communication. Additionally,
the system utilizes machine learning algorithms to reduce false positives and
enhance accuracy. By leveraging 5G and edge computing, Accident Alert Pro
ensures low-latency communication, improving response times and potentially
saving lives. The proposed solution is scalable, cost-effective, and adaptable for
different vehicles, making it a promising approach for enhancing road safety
through IoT technology.
Keywords: IoT, accident detection, real-time alert, emergency response, smart
transportation, cloud computing, machine learning.

V
 CHAPTER 1

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Road accidents are one of the leading causes of injuries and fatalities
worldwide, accounting for a significant number of deaths each year.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), millions of people
suffer from severe injuries due to road crashes, many of which could have
been mitigated with faster emergency response times. Traditional accident
detection and reporting methods rely on eyewitness accounts, manual phone
calls, or police reports, which often lead to delayed responses from emergency
services. In many cases, accident victims are unable to call for help, resulting
in a critical time gap between the accident occurrence and medical
intervention. Since timely assistance plays a crucial role in reducing mortality
rates, an automated accident detection and alert system is essential for
improving road safety.

The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) has introduced new

possibilities for enhancing real-time monitoring and accident management.
IoT enables seamless communication between vehicles, smart sensors, cloud
servers, and emergency services, making accident detection faster and more
reliable. The Accident Alert Pro system is designed to address these
challenges by providing an automated, real-time accident detection and alert
mechanism. This system incorporates smart sensors, GPS modules, IoT-
enabled microcontrollers, and cloud computing to efficiently detect accidents
and transmit crucial data such as the location, impact severity, and time of the
incident. Once an accident is detected, the system automatically notifies
emergency services, nearby hospitals, and pre-defined contacts to ensure
immediate assistance.

One of the key advantages of Accident Alert Pro is its ability to distinguish
actual accidents from false positives using machine learning algorithms and
sensor.fusion techniques. The system analyzes data from accelerometers,
gyroscopes, and other onboard sensors to determine the intensity and nature
of the impact. By leveraging 5G networks and edge computing, the system
ensures low-latency communication, reducing the time taken for alerts to

VI
reach emergency responders. Additionally, the integration of cloud
computing allows for real-time data logging, accident analysis, and predictive
insights, further enhancing road safety measures.

The implementation of IoT-based accident detection systems such as

Accident Alert Pro plays a vital role in the development of smart
transportation and intelligent traffic management. With increasing
advancements in connected vehicles and autonomous driving, integrating
such intelligent safety mechanisms can significantly contribute to reducing
road fatalities and improving overall transportation efficiency.

This paper explores the design, architecture, and working principles of the
Accident Alert Pro system, detailing its hardware components, software
algorithms, and real-time communication protocols. The proposed solution
aims to provide a scalable, cost-effective, and efficient accident detection
framework that can be adopted for different types of vehicles, including
private cars, commercial fleets, and public transportation systems. By
enhancing the accuracy and speed of accident detection and emergency
response, Accident Alert Pro represents a significant step forward in making
roads safer for drivers, passengers, and pedestrians alike.

Furthermore, Accident Alert Pro can be integrated with existing smart city
infrastructure, allowing authorities to analyze accident-prone areas and
implement preventive measures. The system can also be enhanced with AI-
powered predictive analytics, enabling proactive safety features such as driver
fatigue detection and hazardous road condition alerts. By combining real-time
accident detection with intelligent transportation insights, this solution has the
potential to revolutionize road safety and significantly reduce accident-related
fatalities worldwide.

VII
1.2 LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1-HISTORY

The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology into accident detection

and alert systems has undergone significant transformation over the years.
Initially, accident detection relied heavily on manual reporting by
eyewitnesses or emergency responders, making the process inefficient and
often delayed. In the 1980s and 1990s, advancements in vehicle safety led to
the introduction of airbags and onboard diagnostic systems (OBD), which
could detect crashes internally. However, these systems lacked real-time
communication capabilities and required human intervention to notify
emergency services. Basic GPS tracking systems also started appearing in
high-end vehicles, primarily for navigation rather than accident detection.

The 2000s marked the emergence of automated detection systems, enabled

by advancements in Global Positioning Systems (GPS), GSM-based
communication, and accelerometers. In 2004, General Motors introduced
OnStar’s Automatic Crash Response (ACR), one of the earliest systems
capable of automatically detecting severe accidents and alerting emergency
responders via a cellular network. By the early 2010s, smartphone
applications began leveraging accelerometers and GPS data to detect sudden
impacts and vehicle rollovers, sending notifications to emergency contacts.
However, these early systems often suffered from false alarms and network
reliability issues.

With the rise of IoT and cloud computing, accident detection became more
advanced and efficient. In the mid-2010s, researchers and automotive
industries started integrating IoT-based sensors, machine learning algorithms,
and real-time communication networks to enhance the accuracy of accident
detection. These systems combined data from multiple sources, including
accelerometers, gyroscopes, GPS, and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I)
communication, to improve detection and reduce response times. IoT-enabled
accident detection systems now allow seamless real-time alerts to emergency
services, nearby hospitals, and pre-configured contacts, significantly
increasing the chances of timely medical intervention.

Today, IoT-based accident detection systems continue to evolve with the

incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Edge Computing, and 5G
VIII
networks. AI-driven models analyze crash patterns to differentiate between
actual accidents and false triggers, while 5G ensures ultra-fast data
transmission. The future of IoT in accident detection is likely to involve fully
autonomous emergency response mechanisms, where smart cities and
connected vehicles communicate seamlessly to reduce fatalities and improve
road safety.

IX
2.2 LITERATURE REVIEW

[1] "An IoT-Based Framework for Vehicle Accident Detection and

Notification System in SmartCity"

Authors: Pankaj P. Tasgaonkar, Rahul Dev Garg, Pradeep Kumar Garg

Published in: IETE Journal of Research, 2024

Summary: This paper presents a framework utilizing IoT to detect vehicle

accidents in real-time. The system employs sensors such as accelerometers
and GPS modules to monitor vehicle dynamics and promptly notify
emergency services upon detecting an accident.

[2] "IoT-Based Accident Detection and Vehicle Tracking System Using

GPS and GSM Module"

Authors: Ahay Khattar, Pratim Sarkar, J. Selvin Paul Peter

Published in: International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology,

2020

Summary: This research proposes a system that detects vehicular accidents

using IoT technology and provides real-time location tracking through GPS
and GSM modules, enhancing the efficiency of emergency responses.

[3] "IoT-Based Solutions for Accident Detection and Intimation"

Authors: Tuba Tahemeen, Prof. Ramesh Patil

Published in: Journal of Scientific Research and Technology, 2024

Summary: This work presents an IoT-based accident detection and

notification system built on the ESP32 microcontroller. It integrates an
accelerometer and GPS module to detect accidents in real-time and notifies
pre-configured contacts via Telegram, facilitating rapid emergency response.

[4] "IoT-Based Accident Detection and Emergency Alert Device"

Authors: P. Pradeep, Pabbu Susmitha, Padega Priyanka, Chekkala Varsha,

Parlagolla Manjula
X
Published in: Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2024

Summary: This paper discusses an IoT-based system that detects accidents

using vibrational sensors and communicates the precise location to guardians
and rescue teams. The system aims to reduce the time taken for emergency
services to reach the accident site, thereby potentially saving lives.

[5] "An IoT-Based Vehicle Accident Detection and Classification System

Using Sensor Fusion"

Authors: Naveen Kumar, Deepak Acharya, Divya Lohani

Published in: IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2021

Summary: This study introduces an IoT-based system that utilizes sensor

fusion to detect and classify vehicle accidents. By integrating data from
various sensors, the system aims to improve the accuracy of accident
detection and provide timely alerts to emergency services.

[6] "An IoT-Based Framework of Vehicle Accident Detection for Smart

City"

Authors: Pankaj P. Tasgaonkar, Rahul Dev Garg, Pradeep Kumar Garg

Publishedin: IETE Journal of Research, 2024

Summary: This paper presents a framework that employs IoT technology to

detect vehicle accidents within a smart city environment. The system uses
sensors to monitor vehicle dynamics and communicates accident information
to emergency responders, aiming to enhance response times and improve
urban safety.

XI
1.3 PROBLEM DEFINATION

Road accidents are a major cause of injuries and deaths worldwide, and one
big reason for this is the delay in getting help. Right now, most accident
reporting depends on people manually calling for help, which can be slow or
even impossible if the victim is unconscious. Some modern systems, like
airbags and GPS tracking, can detect crashes, but they don’t always notify
emergency services automatically or accurately.

With the rise of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, we can create a smart
accident detection system that uses sensors like accelerometers, gyroscopes,
and GPS, along with wireless networks like Bluetooth & other wireless
technologies to quickly detect accidents and send alerts. But there are still
some challenges, like reducing false alarms, making sure the system works in
areas with poor network coverage, and ensuring quick response times.

This project aims to build an IoT-based accident detection system that can
accurately identify accidents, measure how severe they are, and automatically
send alerts to emergency contacts and responders in real-time. By using
sensor data and AI-based decision-making, this system can help reduce
emergency response time and potentially save lives.

1.4 OBJECTIVES

• Develop an Automated Accident Detection System – Implement a

system using IoT sensors (accelerometer, gyroscope, GPS) to detect
vehicle collisions and assess impact severity in real-time.
• Enable Real-Time Location Tracking – Utilize GPS and cloud-based
services to pinpoint the exact location of an accident and transmit it to
emergency responders instantly.
• Integrate Machine Learning for Accuracy – Implement machine
learning algorithms to reduce false positives by differentiating between
actual accidents and sudden jerks or speed bumps.
• Ensure Low-Latency Communication – Leverage 5G and edge
computing for ultra-fast data transmission, ensuring rapid alert delivery
to emergency services and predefined contacts.

XII
• Develop a Cloud-Based Alert System – Design a cloud-enabled
platform to store accident data, send alerts via SMS, email, or app
notifications, and enable real-time monitoring.
• Enhance Scalability and Adaptability – Ensure the system is
compatible with different types of vehicles, including private cars,
commercial fleets, and public transportation.
• Provide Emergency Contact Notifications – Automatically notify
predefined emergency contacts, including family members and nearby
hospitals, to improve response times.
• Enable Smart City Integration – Integrate the system with smart city
infrastructure to help authorities analyze accident-prone areas and
implement safety measures.
• Implement Energy-Efficient Operation – Optimize power
consumption using low-power IoT sensors and efficient data
transmission techniques to ensure prolonged device operation.
• Develop a User-Friendly Mobile Interface – Create a mobile
application for drivers and emergency responders to monitor real-time
accident data, receive notifications, and access historical reports.

XIII
1.5 WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY USED

The Accident Alert Pro system utilizes multiple wireless communication

technologies to ensure efficient data transmission and real-time accident
alerts. ESP32, the core microcontroller, features built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth,
enabling seamless data processing and communication. The HC-05 Bluetooth
module establishes a low-energy wireless connection between the ESP32 and
a mobile device, allowing real-time monitoring and configuration.
Additionally, the SIM800L GSM/GPRS module is integrated to send SMS
alerts in case of an accident, ensuring communication even in areas without
Wi-Fi or Bluetooth coverage. This hybrid wireless setup enhances reliability,
real-time responsiveness, and accessibility, making the system robust and
suitable for real-world deployment.

XIV
 CHAPTER 2

2.1 SYSTEM DESIGN

The Accident Alert Pro based on IoT system detects vehicle accidents using the
MPU6050 sensor and processes the data with an ESP32 microcontroller. The
MPU6050 continuously monitors motion and impact, sending real-time data to
the ESP32 via I2C communication. If an accident is detected, the ESP32 triggers
alerts through Bluetooth (HC-05) and GSM (SIM800L). The Bluetooth module
transmits data to a mobile device, while the GSM module sends an SMS alert
with location details to emergency contacts. The system is powered through the
ESP32 and built using connecting wires and a breadboard. This IoT-based
design ensures real-time accident detection and immediate communication for
quick emergency response.

2.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Circuit Diagram Information for Accident Alert Pro Based on IoT
The circuit consists of the following major components:
1. ESP32 (Microcontroller)
• Acts as the central processing unit, receiving sensor data and controlling
communication modules.
• Power Source: Powered via a 5V supply or battery.
2. MPU6050 (Accelerometer + Gyroscope Sensor)
• Detects vehicle motion and sudden impacts.
• Connections:
VCC → 3.3V (ESP32)
GND → GND (ESP32)
SDA → GPIO21 (ESP32) (I2C Data)
SCL → GPIO22 (ESP32) (I2C Clock)
3. HC-05 (Bluetooth Module)
• Enables wireless communication with a mobile device.
• Connections:

XV
 VCC → 5V (ESP32)
GND → GND (ESP32)
TX → RX (ESP32)
RX → TX (ESP32)
4. SIM800L (GSM/GPRS Module)
• Sends SMS alerts in case of an accident.
• Connections:
VCC → External 4.2V–4.5V power source (ESP32 5V is not sufficient)
GND → GND (ESP32)
TX → GPIO16 (ESP32)
RX → GPIO17 (ESP32)
5. Connecting Wires & Breadboard
• Used to establish all circuit connections properly.
The ESP32 continuously monitors motion via the MPU6050. If an accident is
detected, it sends alerts through HC-05 (Bluetooth) and SIM800L (GSM). The
circuit design ensures efficient data processing and real-time emergency
response.
• Power Supply → Provides 5V power to all components.

XVI
2.2.1 Process Design

XVII
2.3 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
4.1 HARDWARE SETUP
Laptop with the following configuration is recommended
• Processor (CPU): Intel Core i3 (8th Gen or later)
• Memory (RAM): 4GB – 8GB (Enough for Arduino IDE, ESP32
programming, and minor computations
• Storage: 128GB SSD or higher (To store development tools and project
files)
• Operating System: Windows 10/11 or Linux (Ubuntu)
• MPU6050: A 6-axis motion sensor (gyroscope + accelerometer) used to
detect vehicle movement and accidents.
• ESP32: A microcontroller with built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, used to
process sensor data and send alerts.
• HC-05: A Bluetooth module, used for wireless communication with a
mobile device.
• SIM800L: A GSM/GPRS module, used for sending SMS alerts in case of
an accident.
• Connecting Wires & Breadboard: Used for circuit connections.

4.2 Software Setup

• The following software tools and libraries are required for the " Accident
Alert Pro based on IOT " project:
• Programming Language: C (because it offers low-level hardware access,
efficiency and real time performance)
• IDE: Arduino (used to write, compile, and upload code to ESP32/Arduino)
Packages and Libraries:
• Adafruit MPU6050: A library to interface the MPU6050 sensor
(accelerometer & gyroscope) with Arduino/ESP32.
• Adafruit Sensor: A library that provides a unified interface for various
sensors, including MPU6050.
• Wire.h: A built-in Arduino library for I2C communication, used to
communicate with sensors like MPU6050.

XVIII
2.4 Cost Estimation
Component Quantity Estimated Cost Total Cost (₹)
per Unit (₹)
ESP32 1 500 500
(Microcontroller)
MPU6050 1 250 250
(Accelerometer +
Gyroscope)
HC-05 (Bluetooth 1 300 300
Module)
SIM800L 1 600 600
(GSM/GPRS
Module)
Breadboard & 1 Set 200 200
Connecting Wires
Miscellaneous - 500 500
(PCB, Resistors,
Capacitors, etc.)

XIX
 CHAPTER 3

3.1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW

XX
3.2 SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION

XXI
3.3 TESTING AND VALIDATION

XXII
 CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSION

The IoT-Based Accident Alert System is a reliable solution for real-time accident
detection and emergency response. By using MPU6050, ESP32, and SIM800L,
the system ensures quick alerts and GPS tracking, reducing response time and
improving road safety. In the future, it can be enhanced with AI-based accident
detection, cloud storage, real-time video monitoring, and smart city integration,
making it even more accurate and efficient.

REFERENCES

[1] "An IoT-Based Framework for Vehicle Accident Detection and Notification
System in SmartCity" Pankaj P. Tasgaonkar, Rahul Dev Garg, Pradeep Kumar
Garg
IETE Journal of Research, 2024
[2] "IoT-Based Accident Detection and Vehicle Tracking System Using GPS and
GSM Module" Ahay Khattar, Pratim Sarkar, J. Selvin Paul Peter International
Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 2020
[3] "IoT-Based Solutions for Accident Detection and Intimation"
Tuba Tahemeen, Prof. Ramesh Patil Journal of Scientific Research and
Technology, 2024
[4] "IoT-Based Accident Detection and Emergency Alert Device" P. Pradeep,
Pabbu Susmitha, Padega Priyanka, Chekkala Varsha, Parlagolla Manjula
Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2024.
[5] "An IoT-Based Vehicle Accident Detection and Classification System Using
Sensor Fusion"Naveen Kumar, Deepak Acharya, Divya Lohani IEEE Internet of
Things Journal, 2021
[6] "An IoT-Based Framework of Vehicle Accident Detection for Smart City"
Pankaj P. Tasgaonkar, Rahul Dev Garg, Pradeep Kumar Garg IETE Journal of
Research,2024

XXIII