1 Introducing science

1.1
Section Exercise 1.1 Learning about science

1.2
Level 1

I Fill in the blanks (1 mark each)

1.3 A
Fill in the blanks below with the words given.

develop discovery evidence experiments invention observe

1.3 B
1 Scientists their surroundings carefully. They ask questions.
They collect to answer those questions, often by doing
.

1.4 A
2 The that germs are the real
causes of some diseases was made by Louis Pasteur.

3 After the of telephone, long-

distance communication became much more

1.4 B-C
convenient.

II True or false questions (1 mark each)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement in the boxes provided. Unit exercise
1 We can understand better how the natural world works through studying science.

2 There are totally six branches of science.

3 Science cannot answer if it is right to choose the sex of a baby.

4 Scientific discoveries have greatly improved our quality of life.

5 Science is always good for the society.

1
 1 Introducing science

Level 2
1.1

I Multiple-choice questions (1 mark each)

1 Which of the following belong to science?

(1) To explain how (2) To invent light bulbs (3) To study the Moon
1.2

clouds form
1.3 A
1.3 B

A (1) and (2) only

B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
1.4 A

2 Which of the following is/are involved in a scientist’s work?

(1) Making careful observations
1.4 B-C

(2) Asking questions

(3) Collecting evidence
A (1) only
B (2) only
Unit exercise

C (1) and (2) only

D (1), (2) and (3)

3 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

A Scientists often do experiments to collect evidence.
B Scientific knowledge makes no impact on how to use natural resources wisely.
C Scientists from different branches often work together to solve daily problems.
D There are still many questions that cannot be answered using our present
scientific knowledge.

2
 Introducing science 1

4 People in the past thought that the Sun moved

around the Earth. Now scientists prove that the

1.1
Earth moves around the Sun.

This shows that

A no objects move around the Earth.
B people in the past did not have scientific

1.2
knowledge.
C scientific knowledge is subject to change.
D scientific knowledge has limitations.

1.3 A
II Questions

1 Name the branches of science that study the following. (3 marks)

a Studies living things:

1.3 B
b Studies the universe:

c Studies the rocks that make up the Earth’s surface:

1.4 A
2 Study p. 2 of the Textbook and answer the following questions.

1.4 B-C
Unit exercise

a What is the scientific discovery? (1 mark)

b What is the scientific invention? (1 mark)

Marks: /19

3
 1 Introducing science

Section Exercise 1.2 Practice of science

1.1

Level 1

I Fill in the blanks (1 mark each)

1.2

Fill in the blanks below with the words given.

conclusion controlled dependent hypothesis independent scientific investigation

1.3 A

1 When scientists observe something they do not understand, they may carry out a
to look for the answer.

2 The idea suggested by scientists to answer their question is called a

1.3 B

3 There are three types of variables in a fair test: the one we change is the
variable, the one to be measured is the
variable, those that are kept the same are the variables.
1.4 A

II Ordering (1 mark each)

Put the following steps of a scientific investigation in the correct order by writing i to v in
1.4 B-C

the spaces below.

i Carrying out experiments

Unit exercise

ii Proposing a hypothesis
iii Making observation

iv Drawing a conclusion
v Asking a question

➝ ➝ ➝ ➝

4
 Introducing science 1

Level 2

1.1
I Multiple-choice questions (1 mark each)

1 Which of the following statements about a hypothesis is INCORRECT?

A It should show clearly what to measure and compare.

1.2
B It is a possible answer to the question raised in an investigation.
C It requires imagination and creativity.
D It is the same as the conclusion drawn from the experiment.

1.3 A
2 Which of the following is a fair test for a condition necessary for seed
germination（種子發芽）?

A wet cotton wool dry cotton wool B wet cotton wool dry cotton wool

1.3 B
seeds seeds

30 °C 30 °C 30 °C, in darkness 30 °C

C wet cotton wool dry cotton wool D wet cotton wool dry cotton wool

1.4 A
seeds seeds

10 °C 5 °C 30 °C 5 °C

1.4 B-C
3 If the results from the experiment do not support the hypothesis, we should
(1) modify the results to support the hypothesis.
(2) repeat the experiment and make sure that all possible mistakes are avoided.
Unit exercise
(3) consider other hypotheses.
A (1) only
B (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

5
 1 Introducing science

4 Which of the following statements about scientific investigations is INCORRECT?

A There are totally three types of scientific investigations.
1.1

B In a fair test, we should change the independent variable and keep the controlled
variables the same.
C In classifying, scientists put objects into groups based on their characteristics.
D Pattern seeking can be used to study if people with longer legs can run faster.
1.2

II Question

A class of students are given two different brands of tissue paper A and B. They need to
1.3 A

find out which brand absorbs more water.

a The students cut the tissue papers into long strips and dip them in water in different
tests as shown below. Are the tests fair? Explain briefly. (4 marks)

Test 1 Test 2
1.3 B

A B A B
1.4 A

20 °C 20 °C

Test 1 is (fair/unfair) because .

Test 2 is (fair/unfair) because .
1.4 B-C

b In the space below, draw how to set up the experiment to make it fair. (3 marks)
Unit exercise

Marks: /21

6
 Introducing science 1

Section Exercise 1.3 A Laboratory equipment and apparatus

1.1
Level 1

I Labelling (1 mark each)

1.2
1 Label the following equipment in the school laboratory.

1.3 A
1.3 B
a b c

1.4 A
1.4 B-C
d e f

Unit exercise

g h i

7
 1 Introducing science

2 Label the following laboratory apparatus.

1.1
1.2

a b c d
and
1.3 A
1.3 B

e f g h
1.4 A
1.4 B-C

i j k l
Unit exercise

m n o p

8
 Introducing science 1

Level 2

1.1
I Multiple-choice questions (1 mark each)

1 Jenny wants to hold 100 cm3 of a liquid for experiment. Which of the following
apparatus should she use? (The apparatus are not drawn to scale.)

1.2
A 3
100 cm B

1.3 A
C D

1.3 B
2 Which of the following are equipment in the laboratory?

1.4 A
(1) Sand bucket
(2) Eye wash
(3) Electric socket

1.4 B-C
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
Unit exercise
3 Which of the following can be used for holding liquid?
(1) Watch glass
(2) Boiling tube
(3) Evaporating dish
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (2) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

9
 1 Introducing science

Skill practice Skill highlights (Textbook 1A, p. 29)

Drawing experimental set-ups

Note these skills:

• Use a sharp HB pencil. • Use a ruler to draw straight lines.
• Do not shade the diagrams. • Keep all parts in proportion.
• Label the apparatus.

a Draw the following apparatus. (9 marks)

Test tube Beaker Dropper Bunsen burner

Stand and clamp Glass rod Watch glass Tripod on insulating

mat

b Draw a diagram of the experimental set-up below in the space provided. (4 marks)

Marks: /42

10
 Introducing science 1

Section Exercise 1.3 B Laboratory safety

1.1
Level 1

I True or false questions (1 mark each)

1.2
Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement in the boxes provided.

1 We should not enter the laboratory unless the laboratory technician is there.

2 We should not throw broken glass into the sand bucket.

1.3 A
3 We should report all accidents involving injury only.

4 We should wash our hands after doing experiments.

5 We should always wear safety spectacles when doing experiments.

1.3 B
II Labelling (1 mark each)

Label the following hazard warning symbols.

1.4 A
d

1.4 B-C
a e

f
b HAZARD Unit exercise
WARNING
SYMBOLS

c g

11
 1 Introducing science

Level 2
1.1

I Multiple-choice questions (1 mark each)

1 Which of the following should NOT be done in the laboratory?

(1) Point the mouth of a test tube towards anyone when heating it.
1.2

(2) Tie back long hair when doing experiments.

(3) Leave a lighted Bunsen burner unattended.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
1.3 A

C (2) and (3) only

D (1), (2) and (3)

2 A chemical explodes when it catches fire. What hazard warning symbol should be put
1.3 B

on its container?
A B C D
1.4 A

3 Which of the following is NOT a necessary condition for a fire?

A There is fuel.
1.4 B-C

B There is oxygen.
C There is carbon dioxide.
D The temperature is high enough.
Unit exercise

II Questions

1 a What first-aid actions should you take if the following accidents occur in the
laboratory? (4 marks)
i You burn your fingers.

12
 Introducing science 1

ii You cut your finger.

1.1
iii Some chemicals spill on your skin.

iv Some chemicals enter your eye.

1.2
b Besides taking first-aid actions, what should you do when an accident occurs in
the laboratory? (1 mark)

1.3 A
2 Look at the picture below which shows some students working in the laboratory.

1.3 B
1.4 A
1.4 B-C
a Circle four potential dangers on the picture and mark with A to D. (4 marks)

b State what should be done to avoid these potential dangers. (4 marks)

Unit exercise
A:

B:

C:

D:

Marks: /28

13
 1 Introducing science

Section Exercise 1.4 A Measurement and recording

1.1

Level 1

I Fill in the blanks (1 mark each)

1.2

Fill in the blanks below with the words given.

cubic degree Celsius length meniscus stopwatch temperature thermometer volume

1.3 A

1 In summer, the in Hong Kong can be over 35 °C. The

symbol ‘°C’ stands for . The reading can be measured by a
.

2 The instrument as shown on the right is a .

1.3 B

3 The of an object is the space it occupies. It

is usually measured in centimetre (cm3).

4 Some liquid is in a container. The curved liquid surface is called the

1.4 A

II Matching (1 mark each)

1.4 B-C

Match the measurements in the left column with their units in the right column by
writing i to vi in the spaces below.

Measurement Unit
Unit exercise

A Length i millilitre (mL)

B Volume ii degree Celsius (°C)

C Mass iii cubic metre (m3)

D Time iv kilogram (kg)

E Temperature v metre (m)

vi second (s)

A B C D E

14
 Introducing science 1

Level 2

1.1
I Multiple-choice questions (1 mark each)

1 Which of the following is a unit of length?

A Millimetre

1.2
B Cubic centimetre
C Gram
D Minute

1.3 A
2 In which position should you read the scale of the metre rule?

Q
R
P

1.3 B
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

A P B Q

1.4 A
C R D S

3 Which of the following statements about the units is correct?

A Centimetre is a suitable unit for measuring the height of a building.

1.4 B-C
B One millilitre is equal to one cubic centimetre.
C Degree Celsius is the only unit of temperature.
D Second and gram are both units of time.

4 Which of the following is/are proper choice(s) of instruments? Unit exercise

(1) Use a plastic ruler to measure the length of a basketball court.
(2) Use a triple beam balance to measure the mass of an Octopus card.
(3) Use a digital stopwatch to measure the time of running 800 m.
A (2) only
B (1) and (2) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

15
 1 Introducing science

5 Which of the following statements about errors in measurement are correct?

(1) Error is a mistake and can be avoided by reading the scale accurately.
1.1

(2) Error occurs if the object we are measuring falls between two marks on a scale.
(3) Error can be reduced by repeating the measurement and taking the average.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
1.2

C (2) and (3) only

D (1), (2) and (3)

6 TWO objects of the same volume are put into a measuring cylinder (unit in cm3)
1.3 A

containing water. Find the volume of each object.

40 60
1.3 B

30 50

before adding objects after adding objects

A 12.5 cm3 B 13 cm3

1.4 A

C 25 cm3 D 26 cm3

II Questions
1.4 B-C

1 Calculate the volume of the pen stand as shown. (3 marks)

Unit exercise

12 cm

12 cm 12 cm

Volume = × ×
=
=

16
 Introducing science 1

2 a Read the volumes of liquids in the following measuring cylinders. (3 marks)

i ii iii

1.1
3
mL 50 mL 90 cm 6

40 4

30 80 2

1.2
b Read the times recorded by the following stopwatches. (2 marks)
i ii

1.3 A
60
55 5
30

50 25

20
5

10
10
15

45 15

1.3 B
40 20
35 25
30

c Read the temperatures measured by the following thermometers. (3 marks)

1.4 A
i

°C

1.4 B-C
15 20

ii

°C
Unit exercise
36 37

iii

Marks: /30

17
 1 Introducing science

Section Exercise 1.4 B Transferring and mixing solutions

1.4 C Heating
1.1

Level 1

I True or false questions (1 mark each)

1.2

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement in the boxes provided.

1 If we add too much solution into the test tube, we can pour some solution back into
the reagent bottle.
1.3 A

2 We may hold the dropper upside down.

3 The diagram shows a test tube containing precipitate.

4 The air hole must be closed before lighting up the

1.3 B

Bunsen burner.

5 We usually use a yellow flame for heating.

6 We should wear safety spectacles when using the Bunsen burner.

1.4 A

II Labelling (1 mark each)

Label different parts of the Bunsen burner below.

1.4 B-C

a
d
Unit exercise

c e

18
 Introducing science 1

Level 2

1.1
I Multiple-choice questions (1 mark each)

1 Which of the following ways of mixing solutions in a test tube is/are correct?
(1) (2) (3)

1.2
1.3 A
A (1) only
B (1) and (2) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

1.3 B
2 Below shows the apparatus and the steps of mixing solutions A and B. What is
wrong?
Apparatus: Steps:

1.4 A
A B

1.4 B-C
A B

A The test tube is held vertically.

B Solution A is not added directly into the bottle of solution B.
C Volumes of the solutions are not enough. Unit exercise
D The same dropper is used to obtain two solutions without cleaning.

3 Which of the following combinations about the Bunsen flame is INCORRECT?

Luminous flame Non-luminous flame

A Irregular shape Regular shape
B Higher temperature Lower temperature
C Quiet Noisy
D Yellow in colour Blue in colour

19
 1 Introducing science

II Question

a The following are the steps in lighting the Bunsen burner. Arrange them in the
1.1

correct order. (3 marks)

i Bring a lighter over the chimney. Turn on the gas tap.
ii Make sure the rubber tubing is connected to the gas tap.
iii Slowly open the air hole until the flame turns blue.
1.2

iv Put the Bunsen burner on an insulating mat. Close the air hole.

➝ ➝ ➝

b In the diagram below, a student is lighting the Bunsen burner with a lighter.
1.3 A

What is wrong? (1 mark)

1.3 B
1.4 A
1.4 B-C

c The diagram shows a blue Bunsen flame. Which part of it (A, B A

or C) is the hottest? Put a ‘✓’ in the correct box. (1 mark)
B
A B C
C
Unit exercise

d Name the problem that may occur if the air hole is not closed
when lighting the Bunsen burner. (1 mark)

e How can you know if the problem in d has occurred? (1 mark)

Marks: /21

20
 Introducing science 1

Unit Exercise

1.1
I True or false questions (1 mark each)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement in the boxes provided.

1 When scientists have done enough investigations, they can give answers to all
questions in the world.

1.2
2 We cannot draw a conclusion from a test if the test is not fair.

3 We should wash a burned finger with running water.

1.3 A
4 We can use a spatula to transfer a small amount of chemical solution.

5 We should never hold the dropper upside down.

6 The measuring cylinder can measure the volume of liquids but not the volumes of

1.3 B
small solids.

7 There is no error when we use a measuring cylinder to measure the volume

of water.

1.4 A
II Multiple-choice questions (1 mark each)

1 Which of the following statements about science is INCORRECT?

A Science is the study of phenomena and events that happen in Nature.

1.4 B-C
B Scientific knowledge is subject to change when new evidence becomes available.
C Scientists have answered all questions about the natural world.
D Misuse of scientific knowledge can be harmful to us.

2 In a study to find if the sex of turtle is affected by the Unit exercise

temperature of the turtle egg, which type of scientific
investigation should be carried out?
A Fair test
B Pattern seeking
C Classifying
D Cannot be determined.

21
 1 Introducing science

3 A hazard warning symbol is found on a bottle.

1.1
1.2
1.3 A

This means the chemical in the bottle is

A explosive.
B toxic.
C flammable.
1.3 B

D corrosive.

4 When you are heating some liquid in a beaker with a Bunsen burner, suddenly the
liquid catches fire. What should you do?
1.4 A

A Put out the fire using a sand bucket.

B Turn off the Bunsen burner.
C Report the fire to your teacher at once.
D Leave the laboratory.
1.4 B-C

5 Which of the following is a suitable instrument for measuring the mass of a 10-cent
coin?
A Measuring tape
Unit exercise

B Measuring cylinder
C Electronic balance
D Top pan balance

6 Which of the following steps CANNOT be done by a dropper?

A Add four drops of water into a test tube.
B Add 1 cm3 of water into a test tube.
C Add eight drops of apple juice into a measuring cylinder.
D Add 1 cm3 of tea into a measuring cylinder.

22
 Introducing science 1

Directions: Questions 7 to 8 refer to the measuring cylinder on the right.

7 From which position should we look 170

1.1
at the measuring cylinder to read the W
volume? 160
Z
A W X
B X 150

1.2
C Y Y
140
D Z

1.3 A
8 What is the reading of the measuring cylinder?
A 145 cm3 B 150 cm3
C 152.5 cm3 D 155 cm3

1.3 B
III Questions

Skill Choosing apparatus

1 a Below shows a science laboratory.

1.4 A
i Label the equipment and apparatus in the spaces provided. (10 marks)

B C E

1.4 B-C
A D

F Unit exercise

G
I

H J

23
 1 Introducing science

ii Which of the equipment shown can be used to put out a fire? Write down its
letter: (1 mark)
1.1

b What apparatus are suitable to do the following steps? Complete the table below.
(5 marks)

Step Suitable apparatus

1.2

i To heat some solids

ii To clean test tubes

iii To support apparatus when heating

1.3 A

iv To protect the bench from overheating

v To pick up a hot tripod

1.3 B

Skill Handling apparatus

2 a You have the following apparatus and materials.

1.4 A

stamp and clamp 1 set Bunsen burner 1 thermometer 1

beaker 1 tripod 1 wire gauze 1
insulating mat 1 matches 1 box

Draw the sectional diagram of the set-up for heating a beaker of water and
1.4 B-C

measuring its temperature. (4 marks)

Unit exercise

24
 Introducing science 1

b Compare the Bunsen flames when the air hole is closed and open. (10 marks)

1.1
Air hole closed Air hole open

Colour of flame

Shape of flame

1.2
Luminous or non-luminous

Quiet or noisy

1.3 A
Temperature

Skill Measuring sensibly and accurately

1.3 B
3 a Write down a suitable unit with its symbol for each of the following. (4 marks)

Measurement Suitable unit and symbol

1.4 A
Length of a test tube

Height of the school building

Weight of a cup

1.4 B-C
Volume of a can of soft drink

b Betty measures the volume of a cork stopper that floats on water. She ties the
stopper to a piece of plasticine. She puts the plasticine and the stopper into a Unit exercise
measuring cylinder (in cm3) filled with water.

300 300 300

cork stopper

250 250 250

plasticine
plasticine

25
 1 Introducing science

i Find the volume of the cork stopper. (2 marks)

1.1

ii Why does Betty tie the stopper to the plasticine? (1 mark)

c Tom wants to measure the time for a tennis ball to roll down a board as shown.
1.2

How can I measure

the time?
1.3 A

tennis ball board

1.3 B

i Name an instrument that Tom can use to measure the time. (1 mark)
1.4 A

ii The table below shows the results of three measurements.

Measurement First Second Third

Time (s) 5.4 5.8 5.6

1.4 B-C

Why are the measurements not the same? (1 mark)

Unit exercise

iii Calculate the average time. (2 marks)

iv Explain why Tom repeats the measurement and takes the average? (1 mark)

26
 Introducing science 1

Skill Designing investigations

4 Lily wants to find out if washing powder works better at higher temperatures.

1.1
She sets up four beakers of water at different temperatures. She puts some washing
powder into each beaker. Then she puts a piece of cloth with some stains into each
beaker and stirs the solution. After that, she checks if the stain is removed.

1.2
A B C D

1.3 A
20 °C 40 °C 60 °C 80 °C

1.3 B
Lily records the results in the table below.

Set-up Water temperature (°C) Amount of remaining stain

A 20 Some

1.4 A
B 40 Some

C 60 A little bit

D 80 None

1.4 B-C
a Write down Lily’s hypothesis. (1 mark)

b What type of investigation is Lily doing? (1 mark)

Unit exercise

c Identify the following variables. (3 marks)

i Independent variable:

ii Dependent variable:

iii Controlled variable (state ONE):

d Based on the results, decide if Lily’s hypothesis is valid. (1 mark)

27
 1 Introducing science

STEM

5 Your class is holding a competition to design a paper plane that can fly the
1.1

longest distance.

The mass of paper may

affect the distance.
1.2
1.3 A

a List THREE other variables that may affect the longest distance that the plane
1.3 B

can fly. (3 marks)

b You want to study the effect of the mass of paper using a fair test. Identify the
variables of the fair test. (4 marks)
1.4 A

Independent variable:

Dependent variable:
1.4 B-C

Controlled variables (state TWO):

c Suggest suitable instruments to measure the following variables. (2 marks)

Mass of paper:
Unit exercise

Distance that the plane can fly:

d In which place should you hold the competition, in the outdoor sports field or
inside the school hall? Explain your choice. (2 marks)

Marks: /74

28
 2 Water

2.1
Section Exercise 2.1 Change in states of water

2.2
Level 1

I Fill in the blanks (1 mark each)

2.3
Fill in the blanks below with the words given.

condensation evaporation freezes gas liquid physical states solid steam

2.4
1 Water exists on Earth in three : ice is the
state, water is the state and water
vapour is the state.

2.5
2.6
2 When water boils, it turns into .

3 When water is cooled to 0 °C, it and turns into ice.

4 The change in state from a gas to a liquid is called .

Unit exercise
II True or false questions (1 mark each)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement in the boxes provided.

1 The change in state of water from a liquid to a gas at 100 °C is called boiling.

2 Evaporation occurs only at certain temperatures.

3 The melting point and freezing point of some substances are NOT the same.

E 4 The higher the temperature, the lower the rate of evaporation of water.

29
 2 Water

Level 2
2.1

I Multiple-choice questions (1 mark each)

1 Which of the following statements about the changes in physical states is correct?
A Boiling is the change in state from a liquid to a solid.
2.2

B Melting is the change in state from a solid to a liquid.

C Freezing is the change in state from a liquid to a gas.
D Evaporation is the change in state from a gas to a liquid.

2 Which of the following statements about water is/are correct?

2.3

(1) Water exists on Earth in three physical states.

(2) When water boils, its temperature remains unchanged.
(3) Water does NOT absorb energy when it evaporates.
2.4

A (2) only
B (1) and (2) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
2.5

3 Different substances have different melting points and boiling points. The table
below shows the values for four substances P, Q, R and S.

Substance Melting point (°C) Boiling point (°C)

2.6

P –39 500

Q –40 15

R 250 800
Unit exercise

S 29 130

Which of the substances is a liquid at room temperature (25 °C)?

A Substance P
B Substance Q
C Substance R
D Substance S

30
 Water 2

4 Some water is being heated in a pot as shown. Name the

changes of state that are occurring in the following places.

2.1
In the pot On the inside of the lid
A Melting Boiling
B Evaporation Freezing
C Boiling Condensation

2.2
D Condensation Evaporation

5 A closed wet umbrella is put near the window.

2.3
E

The wet umbrella dries faster when

A the air temperature is lower.
B the wind is stronger.

2.4
C the surface area of the umbrella exposed to air is smaller.
D the humidity of air is higher.

2.5
II Questions

1 Complete the following table about changes in state of water. (17 marks)

Name of Temperature at which Is energy absorbed

Change in state

2.6
process the change happens or released?

Ice ➔ water
( point)

Unit exercise
Water ➔ steam
( point)

Water ➔ water
below 100 °C
vapour

Water vapour ➔
below
water

Water ➔ ice
( point)

31
 2 Water

E 2 In each of the following cases, write down which of the pair A and B will dry up
faster. Explain your choice briefly. (6 marks)
2.1

a
2.2

A B
2.3

Shirt will dry up faster because it has a

exposed to air.

b
2.4
2.5

A B

The water in dish will dry up faster because it is .

2.6

c
Unit exercise

A B

Puddle will dry up faster because .

32
 Water 2

Skill practice Skill highlights (Textbook 1A, p. 77)

Drawing a line graph

Note these skills:

• Write a title for the graph.
• Mark the variables on the axes and write down the units.
• Choose a suitable scale to make full use of the graph paper.
• Draw small crosses to represent the data, then connect them
with a straight line or a smooth curve.

The table below shows how the temperature of a kettle of water changes with time.

Time (min) 0 2 4 6 8 10

Water temperature (°C) 20 40 60 80 95 100

Draw a line graph to show the relationship between the water temperature and time.
(5 marks)
Title:

Marks: /44

33
 2 Water

Section Exercise 2.2 Water cycle

2.1

Level 1

I True or false questions (1 mark each)

2.2

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement in the boxes provided.

1 In Nature, water keeps changing between ice and water vapour.

2 Wind can carry clouds to another place.

2.3

3 In the water cycle, energy from the sun evaporates water from the sea.

4 The total amount of water on Earth keeps changing.

2.4

II Labelling (1 mark each)

Label the processes of the water cycle below.

3
2.5

4
2.6

1
Unit exercise

34
 Water 2

Level 2

2.1
I Multiple-choice questions (1 mark each)

1 Which of the following statements about the water in Nature is correct?

A The Earth as a whole loses water due to evaporation.
B The Earth as a whole gains water due to condensation.

2.2
C Water in the sea changes from liquid water to water vapour.
D Water droplets in the sky do NOT return to the ground.

2 In the simulation model of formation of rain, the crushed ice crushed ice

2.3
is used to

A cool down the pebbles in the water.

B cool down the water in the beaker.

2.4
C cool down the water vapour inside the beaker.
D acts as the water source of the rain.

II Question

2.5
Describe the water cycle by filling in the blanks below. (6 marks)

When the sun heats up water in the sea, rivers and on land, some water
and becomes . It is carried by

2.6
warm air into the sky.

In the upper, cooler sky, the water vapour to form small

. They join together to form clouds and may be carried to
other places by the . Unit exercise

Water droplets in the clouds gather and become heavier. They fall to the ground as
, which is collected in rivers, lakes or the sea again.

Marks: /16

35
 2 Water

Section Exercise 2.3 Dissolving

2.1

Level 1

I Fill in the blanks (1 mark each)

2.2

Fill in the blanks below with the words given.

insoluble saturated solubility soluble solute solution solvent

2.3

1 When salt dissolves in water, water is the and salt is the

.

2 Substances that can be dissolved in water are described as in

water; those that cannot are described as .
2.4

E 3 When salt is added to a salt solution until no more salt can be

dissolved, the solution is said to be .

E 4 The amount of a substance that can be dissolved in a fixed

2.5

amount of water is known as the of

the substance.

II True or false questions (1 mark each)

2.6

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement in the boxes provided.

1 Water can dissolve all solids.

Unit exercise

2 Sugar has a higher rate of dissolving when the temperature of water is higher.

E 3 For a solute with higher solubility, a larger amount of it can dissolve in a fixed
amount of solvent (than another solute with lower solubility).

E 4 No matter how much sodium sulphate is added in water, all of it will dissolve.

E 5 The solubility of a substance in water changes with temperature.

36
 Water 2

Level 2

2.1
I Multiple-choice questions (1 mark each)

1 Which of the following does NOT involve a solute dissolving in a solvent?

A Salt disappearing in soup.
B Sugar disappearing in tea.

2.2
C Ice cubes disappearing in fruit juice.
D Coffee powder disappearing in hot water.

2 Which of the following substances is insoluble in water?

2.3
A Salt
B Sand
C Sugar
D Sodium sulphate

2.4
3 When making a cup of coffee, which of the
following is/are the solute(s)?
(1) Coffee powder

2.5
(2) Sugar cubes
(3) Hot water
A (1) only
B (3) only

2.6
C (1) and (2) only
D (2) and (3) only

Unit exercise
E 4 Which of the following statements about solubility is correct?
A If the temperature of a saturated solution is kept unchanged, the solution cannot
dissolve more solutes.
B Substance A has a higher solubility than another substance B if A dissolves faster
than B.
C The solubility of sodium sulphate in water is independent of temperature.
D Salt and sodium sulphate have the same solubility.

37
 2 Water

5 In which of the following cases will the sugar dissolve most quickly? The volume of
water and the amount of sugar are the same in all cases.
2.1

A stir B

cold cold
water powdered water pieces of
2.2

sugar sugar

C stir D

hot
2.3

hot
water powdered water pieces of
sugar sugar

II Question
2.4

Tommy and Judy are having hot tea. They need to add cold milk and sugar to the tea.
There are two types of sugar: sugar cubes and bags of granulated sugar.
2.5

I add cold milk and then a sugar I add a sugar cube and then same
cube to my cup of tea. amount of cold milk to mine.
2.6

Tommy Judy
Unit exercise

a They wait until all the sugar has dissolved. Whose cup of tea is ready to drink first?
Explain your answer briefly by filling in the blanks below. (5 marks)

’s cup of tea is ready to drink first. Adding cold milk decreases

the of the tea. Sugar dissolves
when . Therefore the sugar in
’s cup dissolves slower.

38
 Water 2

b Fill in the blanks below to suggest how they can get the tea ready in the shortest time.
(3 marks)

2.1
They should add first and the mixture.
After the sugar has dissolved, they add the .

c To study the effect of temperature on the rate of dissolving of sugar in water, Tommy
performs an experiment. He adds 5 g of sugar into 100 cm3 of water at different

2.2
temperatures with no stirring. He records the time needed for all sugar to dissolve.

5 g of sugar 5 g of sugar

2.3
100 cm3 100 cm3
of water of water
at 20 °C at 60 °C

The following graph shows the result of his experiment.

2.4
Time (s)

80

2.5
60

40

20

0 Temperature (°C)

2.6
20 40 60 80

i Name the following variables. (3 marks)

Independent variable:
Dependent variable: Unit exercise
Controlled variable (state ONE):
ii Predict the time needed to dissolve 5 g of sugar in 70 °C water. (1 mark)

iii In the above graph, sketch a line to show the relationship if the solution is stirred.
(1 mark)

Marks: /29

39
 2 Water

Section Exercise 2.4 Water purification

2.1

Level 1

I Fill in the blanks (1 mark each)

2.2

Fill in the blanks below with the words given.

alum distillate distillation filtrate filtration insoluble

microorganisms residue sediment sedimentation soluble
2.3

1 Natural water contains impurities: impurities,

impurities and .

2 In , heavy solids sink to form a layer of .

2.4

Adding helps stick the fine suspended solids together.

3 In filtration, the clear liquid collected is called and the

impurities left on the filter are called .
2.5

4 Purifying water by boiling and condensation is called . The

pure water obtained is called .

II Labelling (1 mark each)

2.6

Label the set-up for distillation below.

a
Unit exercise

e
b

c
d

40
 Water 2

Level 2

2.1
I Multiple-choice questions (1 mark each)

1 Which type of impurities do mineral salts in water belong to?

A Insoluble impurities.
B Soluble impurities.

2.2
C Microorganisms.
D Mineral salts are NOT impurities.

2 Sedimentation removes large solid impurities from water because

2.3
A the solid particles become smaller.
B the water settles due to its weight.
C the solid particles settle due to their weight.
D the solid particles are soluble in water.

2.4
3 A beaker of pond water is poured into a filter column.
Which of the following can be filtered out?
(1) Sand

2.5
(2) Microorganisms
(3) Salts
A (1) only
B (3) only

2.6
C (1) and (2) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

Unit exercise

4 Which of the following statements about water purification is INCORRECT?

A E. coli and Amoeba are examples of microorganisms in natural water.
B Sedimentation can only remove large and heavy solids in muddy water.
C Filtration can remove soluble impurities from muddy water.
D Distilled water is the purest form of water.

41
 2 Water

II Questions

1 Lily wants to get some water from a glass of orange

2.1

juice. She tries three different methods listed below and

compares the results.
2.2
2.3

Method C
Method A Method B
‘Impurity’ in Heat juice to boiling
Let juice stand Let juice pass
orange juice and let vapour
for two hours through filter paper
condense
2.4

Orange flesh ( 橙肉 )

Fine orange fibres

suspending in juice

Natural sugar and

2.5

colouring

Microorganisms

a In the above table, use ‘✓' or ‘✗' to indicate whether each method can remove
2.6

different ‘impurities’ in orange juice. (12 marks)

b State the names for methods A, B and C. (3 marks)

Unit exercise

A: ; B: ; C:

c Which method (A, B or C) can give pure water from orange juice? (1 mark)

d Suggest a disadvantage of the method in c compared to the other two methods.

(1 mark)

42
 Water 2

2 Thomas washes some potatoes with water before

cooking. He found that the water after washing

2.1
contains some suspended solids. He tries to remove
the suspended solids using the following apparatus:
filter paper, filter funnel, two beakers, glass rod, stand
and clamp.

2.2
a i Suggest a method that can remove the solids from the water. (1 mark)

ii Draw a labelled diagram to show the experimental set-up of the purification.

(3 marks)

2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
b Thomas slowly pours the water into the set-up and collects some clear liquid in
the beaker. He finds some substances left in the filter paper. State the names for
i the substance left in filter paper: (1 mark)
ii the clear liquid in beaker: (1 mark) Unit exercise

c What kind(s) of impurities can be removed by this method and what cannot?
(3 marks)
Can be removed:
Cannot be removed:

Marks: /46

43
 2 Water

Section Exercise 2.5 Further treatment of drinking water

2.1

Level 1

I Fill in the blanks (1 mark each)

2.2

Fill in the blanks below with the words given.

chlorine fluoride ozone pungent water treatment works

2.3

1 In Hong Kong, natural water is treated in before

it reaches us.

2 is a toxic chemical that can be used to kill microorganisms in

water. However, it may leave a smell in water.
2.4

3 To help prevent tooth decay, is added to drinking water.

II Matching (1 mark each)

2.5

Match the methods of water treatment in the left column with their descriptions in the
right column by writing i to vi in the spaces below.

Method Description
2.6

A Sedimentation i can be used at home to kill microorganisms in water.

B Using ozone ii can help prevent tooth decay.

Unit exercise

C Using chlorine iii can only remove heavy solid impurities.

D Fluoridation iv kills the microorganisms in water but leaves a pungent smell.

E Using ultraviolet light v removes solid impurities by passing water through a filter.

F Filtration vi kills microorganisms in water without leaving a bad smell.

A B C D E F

44
 Water 2

Level 2

2.1
I Multiple-choice questions (1 mark each)

1 Which of the following statements about ozone is INCORRECT?

A Water treated by ozone does not carry pungent smell.

2.2
B Water treated by ozone is not irritating to our eyes or skin.
C Ozone is commonly used to treat water in drinking fountains at home.
D Ozone is more powerful than chlorine in killing microorganisms.

2 Fluoride is added to antiseptic mouthwash

2.3
（漱口水）to

A make the teeth whiter.

2.4
B kill microorganisms.
C prevent tooth decay.
D add flavours.

E 3 Which of the following shows the correct sequence of steps in the water treatment

2.5
process in Hong Kong?
A Sedimentation ➝ filtration ➝ distillation ➝ fluoridation
B Adding chlorine and fluoride ➝ sedimentation ➝ filtration
C Sedimentation ➝ filtration ➝ adding chlorine and fluoride

2.6
D Fluoridation ➝ adding chlorine and filtration ➝ sedimentation

II Questions
Unit exercise
1 Thomas filters some water that is used to wash
potatoes. After filtration, Thomas observes a drop of
the filtrate under a microscope. He discovers a living
thing as shown.

45
 2 Water

a Identify the living thing observed. (1 mark)

2.1

b Can we safely drink the water directly? Explain briefly. (2 marks)

c Suggest a method to remove the living thing from the water. (1 mark)
2.2

E 2 Shatin Water Treatment Works is the largest

water treatment works in Hong Kong.
2.3
2.4

The following flowchart shows how natural water is treated there.

chlorine and
chemical A chemical B
2.5

Clear
natural to
Screen Clarifier X water
water consumers
tank

a State the functions of the following parts. (2 marks)

2.6

i Screen:
ii Clarifier:
Unit exercise

b Name part X and state its function. (2 marks)

c Name chemicals A and B and state their functions. (4 marks)

i A:
ii B:

Marks: /25

46
 Water 2

Section Exercise 2.6 Water conservation and pollution

2.1
Level 1

I True or false questions (1 mark each)

2.2
Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement in the boxes provided.

1 In Hong Kong, rainwater can supply enough fresh water to meet our needs.

2 Washing a half load of clothes each time can help conserve water.

2.3
3 The Voluntary Water Efficiency Labelling Scheme is
introduced by the Environmental Protection
Department.

2.4
2.5
E 4 Factories can only discharge sewage that meets specific pollution standards.

2.6
II Matching (1 mark each)

Match the types of water pollutants in the left column with their harmful effects in the
right column by writing i to iv in the spaces below.
Unit exercise
Type of pollutants Harmful effect on health and environment

A Sewage i Sea animals may get trapped in it and die.

B Solid waste ii Blocks air from going into the water.

C Oil iii May contain harmful microorganisms and toxic chemicals.

iv May contain chemicals that promote growth of algae that use up

oxygen in water.

A B C

47
 2 Water

Level 2
2.1

I Multiple-choice questions (1 mark each)

1 Of all the fresh water on Earth, what percentage of the fresh water is easy to reach?
A Less than 1%
2.2

B 3%
C 30%
D More than 30%
2.3

2 We can conserve water by

(1) taking a shower instead (2) turning off the tap (3) fixing dripping taps as
of a bath. while brushing teeth. soon as possible.
2.4
2.5

A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
2.6

D (1), (2) and (3)

3 Which of the following actions can help control water pollution?

Unit exercise

(1) Use less detergent when washing dishes.

(2) Discharge sewage into the waters far away from us.
(3) Do not throw rubbish into seas or rivers.
A (2) only
B (3) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only

48
 Water 2

4 Which of the following is/are example(s) of water pollution?

A Discharging untreated sewage into a river.

2.1
B Throwing rubbish into a reservoir.
C Oil leaking from a tanker into the sea.
D All of the above.

2.2
II Question

In each of the diagrams below, put a ‘✓’ if it shows a right way to conserve water; put a
‘✗’ if it does not and write down the right way. (8 marks)

2.3
a b

2.4
2.5
c d

2.6
Unit exercise

Marks: /20

49
 2 Water

Unit Exercise
2.1

I True or false questions (1 mark each)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement in the boxes provided.

1 The boiling point and the freezing point of water are the same.
2.2

2 Energy must be supplied to liquid water to change it to steam.

3 Distilled water is a solution.

E 4 Stirring can increase the solubility of a substance in water.

2.3

5 Some impurities in water are not observable under the microscope.

6 Fine suspended solids in water can be removed by sedimentation.

7 Both chlorine and ultraviolet light can kill microorganisms in water.

2.4

E 8 All of the drinking water in Hong Kong is imported from the Dongjiang.

E 9 Sewage should be treated at water treatment works before it is discharged to

the sea.
2.5

II Multiple-choice questions (1 mark each)

1 The graph below shows how the temperature of a substance changes when it cools
down. What is the boiling point of the substance?
2.6

Temperature (°C)
gas state liquid state
140
Unit exercise

130
120
110
100
90
0
3 7 9 Time (min)

A 140 °C
B 110 °C
C 100 °C
D 90 °C

50
 Water 2

2 Which of the following is/are due to condensation of water?

(1) (2) (3)

2.1
2.2
Mist forms on glasses when Water droplets form on the Wet roads become dry soon
we get off an air conditioned surface of a cold can. after raining.
bus in a hot day.

2.3
A (1) only
B (3) only
C (1) and (2) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

2.4
3 Under the same temperature, we usually feel hotter when the humidity is high. This
is because

2.5
2.6
A sweat evaporates more slowly.
B sweat evaporates more quickly.
C water vapour in air condenses on our skin. Unit exercise
D we produce hotter sweat.

4 In the water cycle, water evaporates from the sea and later falls as rain. Why is the
rain NOT salty?
A Salt changes to other substances when it is heated by the sun.
B When water evaporates, salt is left in the sea.
C Salt is left in the sky and does not fall.
D Salt does not condense to form clouds in the sky.

51
 2 Water

5 When designing a fair test to investigate how temperature affects the rate of
dissolving of a solute, which of the following is the independent variable?
2.1

A Amount of solute
B Amount of solvent
C Size of solute
D Temperature of solvent
2.2

E 6 The table below shows the volume of water and the amount of solutes used to
prepare a saturated solution.

Solute Amount of solute (g) Volume of water (cm3)

2.3

W 5 10

X 8 30

Y 15 5
2.4

Z 20 20

Which solute has the highest solubility in water?

A W
2.5

B X
C Y
D Z
2.6

7 Mandy purifies a beaker of pond water by two methods. She

observes a drop of treated water under a microscope. The
diagram on the right is what Mandy observes.
Which of the following methods are carried out by Mandy?
Unit exercise

(1) Filtration
(2) Distillation
(3) Adding chlorine dead micro-organisms

(4) Fluoridation
A (1) and (3) only
B (1) and (4) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (2) and (4) only

52
 Water 2

8 Which of the following statements about our water resource is correct?

A More than two-thirds of the Earth’s surface is covered by fresh water.

2.1
B Using fresh water for toilet flushing is a way to conserve water.
C Sewage is the only pollutant that pollutes our water resource.
D Some countries are facing serious water shortage problems.

2.2
III Questions

Skill Designing investigations

E 1 Sharon studies how temperature affects the rate of evaporation of water. She

2.3
wets two towels with the same volume of water, then places them under different
temperatures. Sharon’s teacher says the experiment is not a fair test.

20 °C 60 °C

2.4
A B

2.5
a Suggest why the experiment is NOT a fair test. (1 mark)

b Suggest how to make the experiment a fair test. (1 mark)

2.6
c The towels can also be used to study how wind speed affects the rate of

Unit exercise
evaporation. Draw a diagram to show the experimental design. (2 marks)

53
 2 Water

Skill Designing investigations, analysing data

2 Vivian performs an experiment to find the freezing point of substance X. Firstly, she
2.1

warms some substance X to liquid in a test tube. Then she places the test tube in ice
water and measures the temperature of the substance every 20 seconds.
2.2

substance X substance X

The following data are obtained after the experiment.

2.3

Time (s) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Temperature (°C) 50 45 40 35 35 35 30 25

a Plot a line graph of the temperature of the substance against time in the graph
2.4

below. (5 marks)

Title:
2.5
2.6
Unit exercise

b From the graph, determine the freezing point of the liquid. (1 mark)

54
 Water 2

Experiment

3 Anthony is carrying out distillation of sea water by using the set-up below.

2.1
thermometer

water in

2.2
condenser

round-
bottom flask
sea water

water out beaker

2.3
Bunsen
burner

a The apparatuses are not set up properly. State TWO corrections that Anthony

2.4
should make. (2 marks)

2.5
b After Anthony has fixed the apparatuses, he starts the distillation process. After
some time, he gets some liquid in the beaker.
i What is the liquid obtained from distillation called? (1 mark)

2.6
ii He wants to check if the liquid is
pure water. He heats a few drops of
the liquid on a watch glass over a hot
water bath. Draw a labelled diagram Unit exercise
to show the set-up in the space on the
right. (3 marks)

55
 2 Water

c In the water treatment process in Hong Kong, it is not practical to use distillation
to purify sea water to fresh water. Why? (1 mark)
2.1

STEM
4 Abby and Billy design a filter for their aquarium. They put in small stones into the
2.2

filter. However, they find that some solid impurities pass through the filter and return
to the aquarium.
2.3

small
stones

water pump
2.4

uneaten food
microorganisms

large aquarium
solid waste
stones wool
from fish dissolved waste from fish dead leaf
2.5

a Suggest how they should modify their filter so that it can filter out the solid
impurities. (1 mark)
2.6

b State the impurities that cannot be filtered using this filter. (2 marks)
Unit exercise

c What may happen to the fish if the substances in b remain in the aquarium?
(1 mark)

d What should Abby and Billy do to keep their filter working normally? (1 mark)

56
 Water 2

Application

5 The following diagram shows the map of a river.

2.1
household
factory

2.2
drinking water
intake

sea

farm

2.3
Three water samples A, B and C are taken at different locations of the river. The
following graph shows the amount of water pollutants in these water samples.

Amount of Animal waste

pollutants (g/m 3)
Dissolved toxic

2.4
chemicals

Location where water

A B C samples were taken

2.5
a By comparing the amounts of water pollutants in the water samples, write A, B
and C in the boxes in the map to show the locations where the samples are taken.
(2 marks)

b i Is the water obtained in the water intake suitable for drinking? Give ONE

2.6
reason to support your answer. (2 marks)

Unit exercise
ii A sewage treatment plant is now built to treat the waste water from the factory
and farm before discharge. It uses sedimentation, filtration and chlorination to
clean the water. Is the water obtained at the water intake suitable for drinking
now? Explain briefly. (2 marks)

57
 2 Water

Application

E 6 The table below shows the largest amount of three substances A, B and C that can be
2.1

dissolved in 100 mL of water at different temperatures.

Temperature (°C) Amount of A (g) Amount of B (g) Amount of C (g)

20 33 18 22
2.2

40 48 23 29

60 60 27 38

80 68 30 48
2.3

a Plot the data for substances B and C in the graph below. (4 marks)

80

70 Substance A
can be dissolved in 100 mL of water (g)
Largest amount of substances that
2.4

60

50

40
2.5

30

20

10
2.6

0
20 40 60 80
Temperature (°C)
Unit exercise

b At 30 °C, which of the three substances is the most soluble in water? (1 mark)

c At 50 °C, what are the largest amounts of substances A, B and C that can be
dissolved in 100 mL of water respectively? (3 marks)
A: ; B: ; C:

Marks: /53

58
3 Looking at living things

3.1
Section Exercise 3.1 Living things

3.2
Level 1

I Fill in the blanks (1 mark each)

3.3
Fill in the blanks below with the words given.

animals biodiversity excrete food microorganisms reproduce vital functions

Unit exercise
1 Living things carry out seven for maintaining life.

2 Green plants make their own by photosynthesis.

3 All living things to produce offspring.

4 Both plants and animals to remove wastes from the body.

5 The wide variety of living things is called .

6 Bacteria are . They are very small. They can only be seen under
a microscope.

II True or false questions (1 mark each)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement in the boxes provided.

1 Reproduction is one of the vital functions of living things.

2 Animals move but plants do not.

3 Bread mould is not a living thing because

it does not move.

4 Corals do not react to stimuli.

5 Amoeba and yeast are microorganisms, but their shape and size are different.

59
 3 Looking at living things

Level 2
3.1

I Multiple-choice questions (1 mark each)

1 Which of the following are living things?

(1) Grass (2) Coral (3) Mushroom (4) Bacteria

3.2
3.3

A (1) and (3) only

B (1), (3) and (4) only
Unit exercise

C (2), (3) and (4) only

D (1), (2), (3) and (4)

2 When we touch the leaves of Mimosa, the leaves close. Which of the following vital
functions of living things does this show?
(1) Reaction to stimuli
(2) Growth
(3) Movement
A (1) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

3 Which of the following statements about living things is/are correct?

(1) There are about 100 000 kinds of living things on Earth today.
(2) Living things vary greatly in size.
(3) Living things include two types only: animals and plants.
A (2) only
B (1) and (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

60
 Looking at living things 3

II Question

The picture below shows some vital functions of living things. Study it and complete the

3.1
sentences with the words given below. (7 marks)

air excrete food grow move react reproduce

3.2
a Living things
.

b Living things

3.3
to c Living things have
produce offspring. ways to obtain
.

Unit exercise
e Living things
d Living things
. to stimuli.

You grow taller.

f Living things have

ways to obtain
.

g Living things

to remove wastes
from its body.

Marks: /21

61
 3 Looking at living things

Section Exercise 3.2 Grouping of living things

3.1

Level 1

I Fill in the blanks (1 mark each)

3.2

Fill in the blanks below with the words given.

backbone cones flowering fruits invertebrates key

mammary glands non-flowering vascular tissues vertebrates
3.3

1 Animals can be sorted into invertebrates and .

2 Jelly fish are because they do not have a .

Unit exercise

3 Mammals have for producing milk.

4 Vascular plants have for transporting water and food.

5 Apples are plants. Their seeds are

protected in .

6 A can help identify living things

according to their body features.

II True or false questions (1 mark each)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement in the boxes provided.

1 The body temperature of frogs changes with the environment.

2 Crocodiles are amphibians because they live in water and on land.

3 Butterflies, owls and bats belong to the same group because all of them can fly.

4 Mosses are usually found in damp places.

5 We can use a key to identify all living things on Earth.

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 Looking at living things 3

III Matching (1 mark each)

1 Match the animals below with the groups they belong to by writing i to iv in the

3.1
space below.

Animal A Turtle B Newt C Penguin D Dolphin

3.2
3.3
Group i Mammals ii Birds iii Reptiles iv Amphibians

A B

Unit exercise
C D

2 Match the plants below with the groups they belong to by writing i to iv in the space
below.

Plant A Fir B Lily C Fern D Moss

Group i Non-vascular ii Seedless iii Flowering iv Non-

plants plants plants flowering
plants

A B

C D

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 3 Looking at living things

Level 2
3.1

I Multiple-choice questions (1 mark each)

1 Which of the following animals are invertebrates?

(1) Bee (2) Octopus (3) Crab (4) Seahorse

3.2
3.3

A (1) and (2) only B (3) and (4) only

C (1), (2) and (3) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4)
Unit exercise

2 Both frogs and snakes

A have four limbs. B breathe with lungs.
C have scales. D can keep a constant body temperature.

3 Which of the following statements about the function of the key feature of animals is
INCORRECT?
A Fish have gills for breathing in water.
B Reptiles have dry, hard scales for protection.
C Birds have hair for flying.
D Mammals have limbs for walking.

4 Which of the following statements about flowering Chinese

cabbage（菜芯）is/are correct?
(1) It is a seed plant.
(2) It has vascular tissues.
(3) It is adapted to live in dry places.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (2) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

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 Looking at living things 3

5 Both pines and lilies are put in the same group because
(1) they produce seeds.

3.1
(2) they produce flowers.
(3) they produce fruits.
A (1) only
B (1) and (2) only

3.2
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

Directions: Questions 6 and 7 refer to the key below.

3.3
Animals

With hair Without hair

Unit exercise
Animal P
With scales Without scales

With gills Without gills With feathers Without feathers

Animal Q Animal R Animal S Animal T

6 Which of the following can animals P to T be?

P Q R S T
A Cow Snake Goldfish Toad Duck
B Cow Goldfish Snake Duck Toad
C Duck Snake Toad Cow Goldfish
D Duck Snake Goldfish Cow Toad

7 Which of the following pairs of animals belong to the same group of vertebrate as
animal T?
A Frog and earthworm
B Newt and crocodile
C Frog and newt
D Crocodile and turtle

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 3 Looking at living things

II Questions

1 The photos below show six animals.

3.1
3.2

A B C
3.3
Unit exercise

D E F

a Using the letters provided, state which animal(s)

i do/does NOT have a backbone. (1 mark)

ii can keep a constant body temperature. (1 mark)

b i To which group of vertebrate do animals C and E belong? (1 mark)

ii Give ONE feature that can be observed in the photos to support your answer
in i. (1 mark)

c David thinks that animal F is a fish but Amy thinks that it is a mammal. Who is
correct? Explain your answer. (2 marks)
is correct because animal F has .
This is a key feature of mammals.

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 Looking at living things 3

2 The photos below show the leaves of four plants.

3.1
3.2
A B C D

a Using the key below, find out the names of plants A, B, C and D. (4 marks)

3.3
1 Leaves are needle-shaped ............................. Chinese red pine（馬尾松）
Leaves are not needle-shaped ........................ 2

Unit exercise
2 Leaves have smooth edge .............................. 3
Leaves do not have smooth edge ................... Chinese Hibiscus（大紅花）

3 Leaves are heart-shaped ............................... Hong Kong orchid tree（洋紫荊）

Leaves are not heart-shaped .......................... Chinese banyan（細葉榕）

A:

B:

C:

D:

b Based on the information in the key, write the features of

i Chinese red pine (1 mark)

ii Hong Kong orchid tree (2 marks)

Marks: /41

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 3 Looking at living things

Section Exercise 3.3 Biodiversity

3.1

Level 1

I Fill in the blanks (1 mark each)

3.2

Fill in the blanks below with the words given.

endangered species foreign species native species natural habitats

overexploitation recycle replace reproduce
3.3

1 Living things in danger of extinction are called .

2 Humans destroy the of many living things to obtain raw

Unit exercise

materials or new land.

3 American ginseng is now hard to find in the wild due to .

4 A is a kind of living things not naturally found in an area.

It may be introduced through trade or by accident.

5 Applying the 4 Rs principle in daily life can help control pollution. The 4 Rs are
Reduce, Reuse, and .

II True or false questions (1 mark each)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement in the boxes provided.

1 Rhinos have become extinct.

2 Sharks have become endangered because of water pollution.

3 No plants are in danger of extinction up till now.

4 The loss of any kind of living thing may result in the loss of other kinds of living
things.

5 Using less electricity can help protect wildlife and the environment.

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 Looking at living things 3

Level 2

3.1
I Multiple-choice questions (1 mark each)

1 Which of the following are endangered species?

(1) Giant panda (2) Orangutan (3) Tiger (4) Pig

3.2
3.3
A (1) and (2) only
B (2) and (3) only

Unit exercise
C (1), (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2), (3) and (4)

2 Which of the following may lead to the extinction of living things?

(1) Overhunting
(2) Pollution
(3) Hill fire
A (1) only
B (1) and (2) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

3 Which of the following can help protect wildlife in Hong Kong?

(1) Take away all your litter after visiting the country parks.
(2) Release animals such as fish and birds into the wild.
(3) Feed wild animals.
A (1) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

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 3 Looking at living things

4 Which of the following CANNOT help control pollution?

A Tighten car emission standards.
3.1

B Build sewage treatment works to treat sewage.

C Apply the 4 Rs principle in daily life.
D Do not buy products made from endangered species.
3.2

II Question

Read the article below and answer the questions.

Horseshoe crabs
3.3

Horseshoe crabs（鱟，俗稱馬蹄蟹）have been on Earth for over 400 million years. They live in the
sea. They do not have a backbone. They have a hard shell and a long tail. Under the shell are six pairs
of jointed legs, a mouth and gills.
Unit exercise

In recent years, they have been affected by human

activities and are now in danger of extinction. The
activities include overfishing of them for food and
medical uses. Urban development and pollution also
reduce their breeding places.

a To which group of animal do horseshoe crabs belong? Put a ‘✓’ in the

correct box. (1 mark)
Invertebrates Vertebrates

b With reference to the article, suggest TWO vital functions of living things
that horseshoe crabs have. (2 marks)

c Suggest TWO ways to conserve horseshoe crabs. (2 marks)

Marks: /20

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 Looking at living things 3

Unit Exercise

3.1
I True or false questions (1 mark each)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement in the boxes provided.

1 Plants do not need food.

3.2
2 Bacteria are living things because they can cause diseases.

3 Bats are mammals because they have mammary glands.

4 Pines produce seeds for reproduction. The seeds are found in fruits.

3.3
5 The flowers of ferns are very small. They produce spores.

6 Humans killed a large number of elephants mainly for making medicines.

Unit exercise
7 Using fewer plastic bags can help protect wildlife.

II Multiple-choice questions (1 mark each)

1 Which of the following statements about Amoeba is INCORRECT?

A It needs air.
B It can reproduce to produce offspring.
C It can excrete to remove wastes from its body.
D It can be seen with the naked eye.

2 Susan put a potted plant near the window and watered it

every day. After a week, she found that the plant became
taller and bent towards the window.
Which of the following vital functions did the plant show?
(1) Reproduction
(2) Growth
(3) Reaction to stimuli
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

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 3 Looking at living things

Directions: Questions 3 to 5 refer to the four animals below.

3.1
3.2

P Q R S

3 Which of the animals are vertebrates?

3.3

A Animals P and S only

B Animals Q and R only
C Animals P, R and S only
Unit exercise

D Animals P, Q, R and S

4 Which of the animals can keep a constant body temperature?

A Animal Q only
B Animals P and S only
C Animals P, R and S only
D Animals P, Q, R and S

5 Animals P and S belong to the same group because

(1) both of them have feathers.
(2) both of them can fly.
(3) both of them have a beak.
A (1) only B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only D (1), (2) and (3)

6 Which of the following statements about sharks and dolphins is/are correct?
(1) Both have a backbone.
(2) Both have fins.
(3) Both have mammary glands.
A (1) only B (1) and (2) only
C (2) and (3) only D (1), (2) and (3)

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 Looking at living things 3

Directions: Questions 7 and 8 refer to the table below.

Plant Root Leaf Seed Flower

3.1
P ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗

Q ✓ ✓ ✗ ✗

R ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗

3.2
S ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

(‘✓’ = the plant has the feature; ‘✗’ = the plant does not have the feature)

7 Which of the following can plants P to S be?

3.3
P Q R S
A Fern Moss Pine Rose
B Moss Fern Fir Cactus

Unit exercise
C Fern Pine Cactus Rose
D Moss Grass Fir Cactus

8 Which of the following statements about plant Q is/are correct?

(1) They produce spores for reproduction.
(2) They have vascular tissues.
(3) They live in damp places only.
A (2) only B (1) and (2) only
C (1) and (3) only D (1), (2) and (3)

9 John put the end of a celery stalk into red solution as shown.
After 30 minutes, he took the stalk out and cut across it.
Some red parts are found in the cross section.

celery

red part

red solution

The red part is responsible for

A transporting air. B transporting water.
C carrying out photosynthesis. D removing wastes from the body.
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 3 Looking at living things

10 Camel’s Foot Tree（宮粉羊蹄甲）is commonly found in

Hong Kong. Which of the following statements about
3.1

it is/are correct?
(1) It makes its own food by photosynthesis.
(2) It has vascular tissues.
(3) It is a seed plant.
3.2

A (1) only B (1) and (3) only

C (2) and (3) only D (1), (2) and (3)

11 The key below can be used to identify four kinds of dogs.

3.3

1 With long hair ........................... 2

Without long hair ..................... 3
Unit exercise

2 With droopy ears（垂耳）............ Golden Retriever（金毛尋回犬）

Without droopy ears ................. Rough Collie（蘇格蘭牧羊犬）

3 With a straight tail .................... Bull Terrier（牛頭梗）

Without a straight tail ............... Chinese Pug（巴哥犬）

Which of the following dogs is Rough Collie?

A B

C D

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 Looking at living things 3

III Questions

3.1
Skill Comparing similarities and differences

1 The photos below show five sea animals.

3.2
3.3
Shark Turtle Shrimp

Unit exercise
Seahorse Whale

a Which animal(s) do/does not have a backbone? (1 mark)

b i Which TWO animals belong to the same group of vertebrate? (1 mark)

ii Give ONE reason to support your answer in i. (1 mark)

c i Suggest a reason why sharks are in danger of extinction. (1 mark)

ii How can we conserve sharks? Suggest ONE way. (1 mark)

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 3 Looking at living things

Skill Constructing keys

2 The photos below show four plants that are commonly found in Hong Kong.
3.1
3.2

Slash pine（愛氏松） Bird-nest fern（巢蕨） Bonfire moss（葫蘆蘚） Cotton tree（木棉）

3.3

a Complete the table below. Put a ‘✓’ in the box if the plant has that feature, and a
‘✗’ if it does not. (4 marks)

Vascular tissue Seed Flower

Unit exercise

Slash pine

Bird-nest fern

Bonfire moss

Cotton tree

b According to the table in a, complete the key below for identifying the
four plants. (6 marks)

Four plants

With i Without ii

With seeds Without seeds

iii iv

v Slash pine vi Bonfire moss

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 Looking at living things 3

Skill Classifying

3.1
3 a Below are five jointed-leg animals. Complete the key for identifying them.
(5 marks)

3.2
Spider Damselfly Longhorn beetle

3.3
Unit exercise
Crab Horse fly

1 With three pairs of legs .......................................... 2

With fewer or more than three pairs of legs .......... 4

2 With two pairs of wings ......................................... i

With fewer than two pairs of wings ....................... 3

3 With short antennae（觸角）.................................... ii

With long antennae ............................................... iii

4 With a pair of large claws ....................................... iv

Without a pair of large claws ................................. v

b Insects have three pairs of jointed legs. How many kinds of insects are shown
above? (1 mark)

c Using the above information, write down the features of the horse fly. (3 marks)

The horse fly is an . It has pairs of

jointed legs, one pair of wings and one pair of antennae.

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 3 Looking at living things

STEM
4 Read the article below and answer the questions.
3.1

Don’t say goodbye to Yellow-breasted Bunting

Yellow-breasted Bunting（黃胸鵐，俗稱禾花雀）was once one
of the most abundant birds in Asia. However, it is in danger of
3.2

extinction now!

The buntings are migratory birds（候鳥）. They often live in rice

fields. Since the early 2000s, millions of them have been hunted
during migration each year for food. A decrease in the area of rice
fields also causes the number of the birds to drop rapidly.
3.3

To conserve Yellow-breasted Bunting, studying its migration

routes is important. One of the methods is to put specific
Unit exercise

ring on bird leg

rings on the bird legs for individual identification. This helps
in tracking（追蹤）the movements of the birds.

a What is the natural habitat of Yellow-breasted Bunting? (1 mark)

b Why is Yellow-breasted Bunting in danger of extinction? Give TWO reasons.

(2 marks)

c Besides putting special rings on bird legs, suggest ONE way to track the migration
routes of Yellow-breasted Bunting. (1 mark)

d Suggest ONE way to conserve Yellow-breasted Bunting. (1 mark)

Marks: /47

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