4 Cells, human reproduction and

heredity

4.1 A-B
Section Exercise 4.1 A Basic units of living things

4.1 C-E
4.1 B Observing cells using microscopes

Level 1

I Fill in the blanks (1 mark each)

4.2 A-C
Fill in the blanks below with the words given.

cell wall chloroplasts cytoplasm large vacuole light microscope nucleus

4.2 D-F
1 In school laboratories, we can use a
to observe cells in detail.

2 Animal cells and plant cells have a cell membrane,

and a .

4.3 A
3 Only plant cells have a to give a regular
shape to the cell.

4 Some cells in the green parts of plants have for photosynthesis.

4.3 B-C
II True or false questions (1 mark each)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement in the boxes provided.
Unit exercise
1 A bacterium is made up of only one cell.

2 The cells in our body are all the same.

3 A 15X eyepiece is shorter than a 5X eyepiece.

4 You may lower the objective while you are looking through the eyepiece.

5 The cell membrane controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

6 Cells are two-dimensional and flat.

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 4 Cells, human reproduction and heredity

III Labelling (1 mark each)

4.1 A-B

Label the light microscope below.

a
4.1 C-E

c
4.2 A-C

d
4.2 D-F

f
4.3 A

IV Matching (1 mark each)

4.3 B-C

Match the parts of the microscope in the left column with their descriptions in the right
column by writing i to vi in the spaces below.

Part of the microscope Description

Unit exercise

A Mirror i for making large adjustments in focusing

B Diaphragm ii for making small adjustments in focusing

C Fine adjustment knob iii the lens nearest the microscope slide

D Coarse adjustment knob iv the lens nearest our eyes

E Eyepiece v to reflect light onto the microscope slide

F Objective vi to adjust the amount of light entering the microscope

A B C D E F

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 Cells, human reproduction and heredity 4

Level 2

4.1 A-B
I Multiple-choice questions (1 mark each)

1 When a 5X eyepiece and a 40X objective are used, the total magnification of the
microscope is

4.1 C-E
A 35X.
B 45X.
C 200X.
D 400X.

4.2 A-C
2 Which of the following is INCORRECT when using a microscope?
A Always adjust the coarse adjustment knob before the fine adjustment knob.
B When moving the microscope, hold its arm with one hand and support the base

4.2 D-F
with the other hand.
C Choose a higher magnification to give a field of view of greater diameter.
D Keep both eyes open when looking through the eyepiece.

3 Which of the following is the image of the letter ‘R’ observed under a light microscope?

4.3 A
A R
R
B
C R
R
D

4.3 B-C
4 Which of the following is/are the function(s)
X
of structure X shown in the photo?
(1) It supports the cell.
Unit exercise
(2) It gives a regular shape to the cell.
(3) It controls the movement of substances
into and out of the cell.
A (1) only
Leaf cells (× 1100)
B (2) only
C (1) and (2) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

3
 4 Cells, human reproduction and heredity

5 Animal cells do NOT have

4.1 A-B

A a cell membrane. B a large vacuole.

C cytoplasm. D a nucleus.

6 Which of the following cell structures are found in both onion skin cells and human
cheek cells?
4.1 C-E

(1) Chloroplast
(2) Cell membrane
(3) Nucleus
4.2 A-C

(4) Cell wall

A (1) and (2) only
B (2) and (3) only
C (1), (2) and (3) only
4.2 D-F

D (2), (3) and (4) only

II Questions

1 a The photo below shows an organism.

4.3 A

cell membrane
4.3 B-C

cytoplasm

nucleus
Unit exercise

(×160)

i Is it a unicellular organism or a multicellular organism? (1 mark)

ii Explain your answer in i. (1 mark)

b State an example of multicellular organisms. (1 mark)

4
 Cells, human reproduction and heredity 4

2 Below shows some cells observed under a microscope.

4.1 A-B
4.1 C-E
4.2 A-C
(×400)

The microscope comes with the following eyepieces and objectives.

Eyepieces: 5X, 10X, 15X Objectives: 4X, 10X, 40X

4.2 D-F
a Are these plant cells or animal cells? (1 mark)

b Give TWO reasons to support your answer in a. (2 marks)

4.3 A
c In the table below, name TWO structures that can be found in both plant cells
and animal cells. State ONE function for each of these structures. (4 marks)

4.3 B-C
Structure Function

Unit exercise

d Which of the eyepieces and objectives are used to observe the cells? (2 marks)

Eyepiece: Objective:

e Should a higher or a lower magnification be used if we want to observe more cells

using this microscope? Put a ‘✓’ in the correct box. (1 mark)

Higher magnification Lower magnification

5
4 Cells, human reproduction and heredity

Skill practice Skill highlights (Textbook 1B, p. 13)

Drawing a specimen

Note these skills:

• Draw smooth lines with a sharp pencil. Do not shade your drawing.
• Draw the parts in proportion.
• Put labels on the sides using straight labelling lines.
• Write a title: include name of specimen and power of magnification.

The photo below shows some onion cells observed under a light microscope.

(×400)

Draw a diagram to show one onion cell in the box below. Label the diagram with:
cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus. (5 marks)

Marks: /47

6
 Cells, human reproduction and heredity 4

Section Exercise 4.1 C DNA in the nucleus

4.1 A-B
4.1 D Cells can divide, grow and differentiate
E 4.1 E Levels of organization of living things
Level 1

4.1 C-E
I Fill in the blanks (1 mark each)

Fill in the blanks below with the numbers or words given.

23 46 cell division DNA

4.2 A-C
1 In the nucleus, is coiled tightly into a structure called chromosome.

2 In a human body cell, there are chromosomes.

3 New cells are formed by a process called .

4.2 D-F
II True or false questions (1 mark each)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement in the boxes provided.

4.3 A
1 DNA determines our eye colour.

2 The sex chromosomes in males are both X chromosomes.

3 Cell differentiation gives rise to different types of cells.

4.3 B-C
E 4 A pig liver and a pig lung are made up of the same tissue.

III Matching (1 mark each)

E Match the forms of organs of a plant with their functions.
A
Unit exercise

Form of organ Function

A Leaf: has a large surface i to anchor the plant and absorbs water
B
B Stem: strong ii to support the leaves

C Root: long and thin iii to receive more light

C
A B C

7
 4 Cells, human reproduction and heredity

Level 2
4.1 A-B

I Multiple-choice questions (1 mark each)

1 Which of the following statements about DNA is INCORRECT?

4.1 C-E

A It is the genetic material.

B It is outside the nucleus of cells.
C It determines the traits of living things.
D Its structure looks like a twisted long ladder.
4.2 A-C

2 Which of the following statements about human chromosomes is/are correct?

(1) Each chromosome is formed by tightly coiled DNA.
(2) There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in a human body cell.
4.2 D-F

(3) The chromosomes in each pair are the same.

A (1) only
B (1) and (2) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
4.3 A

3 In the process of cell division, which of the following does NOT occur?
A All DNA in the nucleus makes a copy of itself.
B The cytoplasm divides into two.
4.3 B-C

C The cell membrane separates.

D The cell membrane becomes thicker.

E 4 Which of the following correctly arrange different structures according to their levels
Unit exercise

of organization?
A System ➝ tissue ➝ cell ➝ organ
B Organ ➝ tissue ➝ system ➝ cell
C Cell ➝ tissue ➝ organ ➝ system
D Tissue ➝ cell ➝ system ➝ organ

8
 Cells, human reproduction and heredity 4

II Questions

4.1 A-B
1 Below shows the chromosomes in the body cells of a person.

4.1 C-E
4.2 A-C
a Is this person a male or a female? Explain your answer. (2 marks)

4.2 D-F
b Fill in the blanks below. (2 marks)

i This person has chromosomes in each body cell.

ii of these chromosomes come from this person’s mother.

4.3 A
2 The photos below show different stages in the cell division of an animal cell.

i ii iii iv

4.3 B-C
Unit exercise
a Arrange the stages in the correct order. (3 marks)

➝ ➝ ➝

b Are the genetic materials in the new cells the same as the old one? Why? (2 marks)

Marks: /23

9
 4 Cells, human reproduction and heredity

Section Exercise 4.2 A Human sex cells

4.1 A-B

4.2 B Human reproductive systems

4.2 C Sexual maturity
Level 1
4.1 C-E

I Fill in the blanks (1 mark each)

Fill in the blanks below with the words given.

head menstrual cycle nocturnal emissions

4.2 A-C

one set ova sperms tail two sets

1 In humans, the male sex cells are called and the female sex
cells are called .
4.2 D-F

2 A sperm has a long , which beats to allow the sperm to swim.

3 Sex cells carry of chromosomes.

4 Signs of sexual maturity: boys may experience and girls

start to have .
4.3 A

II True or false questions (1 mark each)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement in the boxes provided.
4.3 B-C

1 Both sperms and ova can move by themselves.

2 The ovum contains a lot of food substances.

Unit exercise

3 The length of menstrual cycle may vary from person to person.

4 During puberty, the high level of sex hormones leads to the appearance of
secondary sexual characteristics.

5 The growth of hair on pubic area and armpits is a secondary sexual

characteristic in both boys and girls.

6 The releasing of ova is a secondary sexual characteristic in females.

10
 Cells, human reproduction and heredity 4

III Labelling and matching (1 mark each)

4.1 A-B
The diagrams below show the female and the male reproductive systems. Name the parts
A to J in the table below. Then match the parts in the first column with their functions
in the last column by writing i to x in the spaces below.

4.1 C-E
A
E

I
F
C
B
G J

4.2 A-C
D
H

Female reproductive system Male reproductive system

4.2 D-F
Part Name Function

A i produces sperms and sex hormones.

B ii holds the testes outside the abdomen.

4.3 A
C iii carries sperms from the testes to the urethra.

D iv produce a fluid containing nutrients for sperms.

E v carries semen and urine out of the body at different times.

4.3 B-C
F vi produces ova and sex hormones.

G vii carries the ovum to the uterus.

viii provides a stable environment for the embryo during a

H
pregnancy.
Unit exercise
ix receives the penis during sexual intercourse and acts as a
I
birth canal.

x carries semen to the female reproductive system during

J
sexual intercourse.

A B C D E

F G H I J

11
 4 Cells, human reproduction and heredity

Level 2
4.1 A-B

I Multiple-choice questions (1 mark each)

X
1 The photo on the right shows a human sperm. Which of
the following statements about structure X is correct?
4.1 C-E

A It protects the sperm.

B It carries genetic materials.
(×480)
C It is used for swimming.
D It provides nutrients to the sperm.
4.2 A-C

2 Which of the following statements about human sperms is INCORRECT?

A They can swim.
B They look like a tadpole.
4.2 D-F

C They contain a lot of food substances.

D They are much smaller than human ova.

3 In general, girls enter puberty

A earlier than boys.
4.3 A

B later than boys.

C at the same time as boys.
D at the age of 12.
4.3 B-C

4 Which of the following will happen when a girl reaches puberty?

(1) Menstruation begins.
(2) Hair grows on pubic area and armpits.
Unit exercise

(3) Body becomes fatter.

A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

12
 Cells, human reproduction and heredity 4

II Questions

4.1 A-B
1 The diagrams below show the human sex cells.

A B

4.1 C-E
(×350) (×1000)

a State ONE difference in the appearance of A and B. (2 marks)

4.2 A-C
b State ONE difference in the movement of A and B. (2 marks)

c How are the numbers of chromosomes in A and B different from the number of

4.2 D-F
chromosomes in body cells? (1 mark)

2 The graph below shows the change in the thickness of the uterine lining during a

4.3 A
certain menstrual cycle of a woman.
thickness of uterine lining

Z
Y
W

4.3 B-C
X

Unit exercise
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29
day

a During which stage (W, X, Y or Z) does menstruation occur? (1 mark)

b Describe the process of menstruation by filling in the blanks below. (3 marks)

The thickened uterine lining . Tissues and

from the uterine lining, together with the unfertilized ovum, then pass out
through the .
Marks: /45

13
 4 Cells, human reproduction and heredity

Section Exercise 4.2 D Birth of a new life

4.1 A-B

4.2 E Becoming parents

4.2 F Family planning and birth control
Level 1
4.1 C-E

I Fill in the blanks (1 mark each)

Fill in the blanks below with the words given.

contraceptive pills fertilization foetus

4.2 A-C

implantation parenting zygote

1 A sperm fuses with an ovum to form an . This process is called

.
4.2 D-F

2 About eight weeks after fertilization, the embryo becomes a .

3 Newborn babies cannot take care of themselves. is important

for their survival, growth and development.

4 A wife may take to stop releasing ova from the ovaries.

4.3 A

II True or false questions (1 mark each)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement in the boxes provided.
4.3 B-C

1 Fertilization occurs in the vagina.

2 A human embryo develops in the ovary.

Unit exercise

3 In humans, it normally takes about 20 weeks from fertilization to birth.

4 The absence of menstruation is the most reliable sign of pregnancy.

5 During labour, the head of a foetus usually comes out first through the vagina.

6 Breast milk contains all the necessary nutrients for the baby to grow.

E 7 A diaphragm can be used to avoid pregnancy because it can kill ova.

14
 Cells, human reproduction and heredity 4

Level 2

4.1 A-B
I Multiple-choice questions (1 mark each)

1 The following are the events from sexual intercourse to fertilization:

4.1 C-E
(1) One of the sperms fuses with the ovum.
(2) The husband ejects semen into his wife’s vagina.
(3) The sperms swim to the oviducts.
(4) The sperms swim up through the uterus.

4.2 A-C
Which of the following is the correct order of the events?
A (2) ➝ (3) ➝ (4) ➝ (1)
B (2) ➝ (4) ➝ (3) ➝ (1)
C (4) ➝ (3) ➝ (1) ➝ (2)

4.2 D-F
D (4) ➝ (3) ➝ (2) ➝ (1)

2 Which of the following statements about the human zygote is correct?

A The zygote carries 23 chromosomes.

4.3 A
B The zygote carries chromosomes from the ovum only.
C The zygote carries chromosomes from the sperm only.
D The zygote carries chromosomes from both the ovum and the sperm.

4.3 B-C
E 3 Which of the following birth control methods are used by women?

(1) (2) (3)

9
10
8 Su
11
Sa
7
Fr
12
6 Th
5 We
13

4 Tu 14
Mo 15
3

Unit exercise
16
Start

2
1 17
18

19
21 20

Wearing a diaphragm Taking contraceptive pills Cutting and tying the oviducts

A (1) and (2) only

B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

15
 4 Cells, human reproduction and heredity

4 Which of the following are possible signs of pregnancy?

4.1 A-B

(1) Nausea
(2) Frequent urination
(3) Feeling tired easily
A (1) and (2) only B (1) and (3) only
4.1 C-E

C (2) and (3) only D (1), (2) and (3)

II Question

The diagram below shows a developing foetus.

4.2 A-C

C
A
B
4.2 D-F

D
foetus
4.3 A

a Name structures A to D. (4 marks)

A: B:
C: D:
4.3 B-C

b Which of the structures (A, B, C or D) protects the foetus against shock? (1 mark)

c Describe the functions of structure A by filling in the blanks below. (3 marks)

Unit exercise

Through structure A, the foetus obtains and

from the mother’s blood.
from the foetus also pass to the mother’s blood for removal through structure A.

d What happens to structure A after the foetus is born? (1 mark)

Marks: /25

16
 Cells, human reproduction and heredity 4

Section Exercise 4.3 A Heredity

4.1 A-B
Level 1

I Fill in the blanks (1 mark each)

4.1 C-E
Fill in the blanks below with the letters or words given.

A base pairing C codes double helix G heredity T

4.2 A-C
1 The passing on of traits from one generation to the next is called .

E 2 The structure of DNA looks like a twisted ladder. This structure is called a
.

4.2 D-F
4.3 A
E 3 A, T, C and G are the bases on DNA. only pairs with G, and

4.3 B-C
only pairs with T. This kind of linking between bases is called
.

II True or false questions (1 mark each)

Unit exercise
Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement in the boxes provided.

1 The DNA of the zygote carries genetic information from either the father or the
mother, not both of them.

2 The ability to roll the tongue is a genetic trait.

E 3 There are four kinds of bases on DNA.

E 4 Genetic information is based on the number of bases on DNA.

17
 4 Cells, human reproduction and heredity

Level 2
4.1 A-B

I Multiple-choice question (1 mark each)

Which of the following is/are genetic traits?

4.1 C-E

(1) Our eye colour

(2) Free or attached earlobes
(3) Widow’s peak or straight hairline
A (1) only
4.2 A-C

B (1) and (3) only

C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
4.2 D-F

II Question
E The diagram below shows some bases on a length of DNA.
4.3 A

C G A T

T G
4.3 B-C

a Write the missing bases in the boxes of the above diagram. (2 marks)
Unit exercise

b Explain how DNA controls cell activities by filling in the blanks below. (2 marks)

Different form different codes. The codes instruct a cell to

make particular kinds of . By controlling such substances
that a cell makes, DNA controls cell activities.

Marks: /14

18
 Cells, human reproduction and heredity 4

Section Exercise 4.3 B Variations

4.1 A-B
4.3 C Identical and non-identical twins

Level 1

I Fill in the blanks (1 mark each)

4.1 C-E
Fill in the blanks below with the words given.

continuous discontinuous distribution environment variations

4.2 A-C
1 The differences among individuals of the same kind of living things are called
.

2 The kinds of differences that fall into distinct categories are called

4.2 D-F
variations.

3 The kinds of differences that vary over a continuous range of values (such as height
and weight) are called variations.

4 Most variations are caused by both heredity and the .

4.3 A
II True or false questions (1 mark each)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement in the boxes provided.

4.3 B-C
1 Whether we have free earlobes is affected by the environment.

2 In a group of people, the number of people who can bend and cannot bend their
thumbs backwards can be shown by a histogram.
Unit exercise
3 The bars in a bar chart should be of equal width.

4 There should be no gaps between the bars in a histogram.

5 There is no variation in a pair of identical twins.

6 Twins of the same sex must be identical twins.

19
 4 Cells, human reproduction and heredity

Level 2
4.1 A-B

I Multiple-choice question (1 mark each)

Which of the following statements about the histogram below is/are correct?
4.1 C-E

Distribution of height in Class 1C

8
7
6
number of students

5
4.2 A-C

4
3
2
1
0
120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160
4.2 D-F

height (cm)

(1) There are 20 students taller than 1.3 m in this class.

(2) Most students in this class are about 1.45 m tall.
(3) The tallest student is taller than the shortest student by 0.50 m.
4.3 A

A (2) only B (1) and (3) only

C (2) and (3) only D (1), (2) and (3)

II Question
4.3 B-C

The table below shows some traits of two pairs of twins. One pair is identical twins.

Twin brothers Twin sisters

Peter Paul Mary Jane
Unit exercise

Height 156 cm 158 cm 150 cm 150 cm

Can roll tongue? Yes Yes No No

Look of earlobes Free earlobes Free earlobes Free earlobes Attached earlobes

a Put a ‘✓’ in the box to show which pair is identical. (1 mark)

Peter and Paul Mary and Jane

b Which trait enables you to answer a? (1 mark)

20
 Cells, human reproduction and heredity 4

Skill practice Skill highlights (Textbook 1B, p. 64)

Drawing a bar chart

Note these skills:

• Remember to mark the independent variables and dependent variable on the axes.
• Draw rectangular bars to represent the data. Leave gaps between the bars.
• Write down the title.

The table below shows the number of students with free earlobes and attached earlobes in
Class 1B.

Free earlobes Attached earlobes

Number of students 26 11

Draw a bar chart below to show the number of students with free earlobes and attached
earlobes in Class 1B. (4 marks)

Title:

21
4 Cells, human reproduction and heredity

Skill practice Skill highlights (Textbook 1B, p. 67)

13)

Drawing a histogram

Note these skills:

• Remember to mark the independent variable and dependent variable on the axes.
• Draw rectangular bars to represent the data. Leave no gaps between the bars.
• Write down the title.

The table below shows the distribution of handspans of 40 students in Class 1A.

Handspan (cm) 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Number of students 2 4 7 10 8 6 3

a Draw a histogram below to show the distribution of handspans in Class 1A. (4 marks)
Title:

b Answer the following questions using the histogram. (2 marks)

i What is the most common handspan in the class?
ii What is the shortest handspan in the class?

Marks: /23

22
 Cells, human reproduction and heredity 4

Unit Exercise

4.1 A-B
I True or false questions (1 mark each)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement in the boxes provided.

1 All living things are made up of more than one cell.

4.1 C-E
2 The amount of light entering the microscope can be adjusted by the diaphragm.

3 All plant cells have chloroplasts.

4 All cells in our body contain the same number of chromosomes.

4.2 A-C
5 Living things increase the number of cells by cell division.

E 6 Cells and tissues are of the same level of organization in living things.

7 All boys experience nocturnal emission during puberty.

4.2 D-F
8 A human zygote carries 23 pairs of chromosomes.

E 9 For the bases on DNA, A pairs with G and C pairs with T.

10 Identical twins are formed by two sperms entering an ovum.

4.3 A
II Multiple-choice questions (1 mark each)

4.3 B-C
Directions: Questions 1 and 2 refer to the table below.

Cell
Cell Cell wall Cytoplasm Nucleus Chloroplast
membrane

P ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗
Unit exercise
Q ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗

R ✗ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗

S ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

(‘✓’ = the cell has the structure; ‘✗’ = the cell does not have the structure)

1 Which of the cells in the table is/are animal cell(s)?

A R only B P and Q only
C P, Q and S only D Q, R and S only

23
 4 Cells, human reproduction and heredity

2 Which of the following statements is/are correct?

4.1 A-B

(1) Cell P may be an onion skin cell.

(2) Cell S has a regular shape.
(3) Photosynthesis occurs in cell S.
A (1) only B (3) only
4.1 C-E

C (1) and (2) only D (1), (2) and (3)

3 The diagram on the right shows the image of a ruler as observed

under a microscope. The microscope has a 10X eyepiece and
a 4X objective.
4.2 A-C

Which of the following shows the image if a 10X eyepiece and

a 10X objective are used?

A B C D
4.2 D-F
4.3 A

Directions: Questions 4 and 5 refer to the female reproductive system shown below.

R
4.3 B-C

Q
Unit exercise

4 Which of the following statements about structure P is correct?

A It is the place where the embryo develops during pregnancy.
B It is the place where fertilization takes place.
C It receives the penis during sexual intercourse.
D It produces ova and sex hormones.

24
 Cells, human reproduction and heredity 4

E 5 Which structure does the doctor tie and cut in sterilization?

4.1 A-B
A P
B Q
C R
D S

4.1 C-E
6 Which of the following correctly shows the structures producing sex hormones in the
male and the female reproductive systems?
Male Female

4.2 A-C
A Testis Ovary
B Sex glands Oviduct
C Scrotum Uterus
D Penis Vagina

4.2 D-F
7 Which of the following should NOT be done by a pregnant woman?
A Visiting the doctor for health checks regularly.
B Smoking.
C Doing gentle exercises.

4.3 A
D Working in the office.

E 8 Which of the following birth control methods works by preventing the release of ova
from the ovaries?

4.3 B-C
A B

Unit exercise

Contraceptive pills Male condom

C D

Female condom Diaphragm

25
 4 Cells, human reproduction and heredity

E 9 Which of the following statements about DNA is/are correct?

4.1 A-B

(1) Its twisted strands form a double helix.

(2) There are three kinds of bases on DNA.
(3) The codes on DNA instruct the cell to make particular kinds of proteins.
A (1) only B (1) and (2) only
4.1 C-E

C (1) and (3) only D (1), (2) and (3)

10 Which of the following statements about non-identical twins is INCORRECT?

A They are formed when an ovum is fertilized by two sperms.
4.2 A-C

B They are formed when two ova are fertilized by two sperms.
C They may not look alike.
D They can be of different sexes.
4.2 D-F

III Questions

Skill Drawing

1 Tommy observed onion cells using a 100X microscope. He drew an onion cell as
shown below.
4.3 A

cell wall
cytoplasm

cell membrane nucleus

4.3 B-C

a State THREE mistakes Tommy made in the drawing. (3 marks)

Unit exercise

b Redraw the diagram and label each part in the box below. (5 marks)

26
 Cells, human reproduction and heredity 4

Skill Handling apparatus

4.1 A-B
2 The diagram below shows a light microscope.

4.1 C-E
B
F

C
G

4.2 A-C
D

4.2 D-F
a State ONE function of each of the following parts of the microscope. (2 marks)
i Part F:
ii Part G:

4.3 A
b The total magnification of the microscope is 600X, and the magnification of
Part A is 15X. Find the magnification of Part B. Show your working. (2 marks)

4.3 B-C
c Jenny is preparing a slide of onion skin cells for observing under this microscope.
Rearrange the following steps in the correct order. (3 marks)
i Spread out a piece of onion skin on the centre of a microscope slide.
ii Carefully cover the skin with a cover slip.
Unit exercise
iii Soak up excess stain with tissue paper.
iv Add a drop of stain to the cells.

➝ ➝ ➝

d Jenny then observes an Amoeba under this microscope. In the view, the Amoeba
moves to the left and goes outside the view. In which direction should Jenny move
the slide so that she can observe the Amoeba again? (1 mark)

27
 4 Cells, human reproduction and heredity

Conventional
4.1 A-B

3 The following shows how the baby of the Lam family comes to the world.

a One day, Mr and Mrs Lam have sexual intercourse. Fill in the blanks below to
describe the events leading to implantation. (4 marks)
4.1 C-E

An ovum released from Mrs Lam’s It divides repeatedly to

fuses with one form an embryo, which
of Mr Lam’s to attaches to the thickened
form a . .
4.2 A-C
4.2 D-F
4.3 A

b Mrs Lam becomes pregnant. State a sign of pregnancy. (1 mark)

4.3 B-C

c After months of waiting, Mrs Lam is giving birth to her baby! Put the following
steps in the correct order by writing i to v in the spaces below. (4 marks)
i Foetus is pushed out through the vagina.
ii Muscles of the uterus and abdominal wall contract.
Unit exercise

iii Neck of the uterus becomes wider.

iv The placenta is pushed out.
v Amnion breaks and amniotic fluid flows out.

➝ ➝ ➝ ➝

d If both sex chromosomes in the body cells of the baby are X chromosomes, is the
baby a boy or a girl? (1 mark)

28
 Cells, human reproduction and heredity 4

Conventional

4.1 A-B
E 4 The diagram below shows part of the DNA. It is found inside the nucleus of a cell.

the ‘side’ of the ladder

‘steps’ of the ladder

4.1 C-E
G X

Y A

C Z

4.2 A-C
a Fill in the blanks below. (5 marks)
i In the nucleus, DNA coils tightly to form a .

4.2 D-F
ii DNA looks like a twisted ladder. This structure is called a .
iii The ‘steps’ of the ladder are made up of chemicals called .
iv There are four kinds of these chemicals:
, , and .

4.3 A
b State the kind of bases for X, Y and Z in the above diagram. (3 marks)

X:

4.3 B-C
Y:

Z:

c If one pair of the bases on the DNA is wrongly replaced by another pair, how
would this mistake affect the production of protein? (2 marks) Unit exercise

29
 4 Cells, human reproduction and heredity

STEM
4.1 A-B

5 Mandy has designed a spreadsheet to record her menstrual cycle. The diagram below
shows part of it.
4.1 C-E
4.2 A-C
4.2 D-F

a i Mandy’s menstruation in December lasted days (1 mark)

ii Mandy’s menstrual cycle in December lasted days. (1 mark)

b Suggest a day in December when Mandy probably released an ovum. (1 mark)

4.3 A

E c i Mandy avoided having sexual intercourse with her husband around the day in
b to avoid having baby. Name this birth control method. (1 mark)
4.3 B-C

ii The method in i is not very effective. Why? (1 mark)

Unit exercise

iii Suggest a permanent birth control method for Mandy if she and her husband
decide not to have babies any more. (1 mark)

Marks: /62

30
5 Energy

5.1 A-B
Section Exercise 5.1 A Forms of energy

5.1 C-E
5.1 B Units of energy

Level 1

I Fill in the blanks (1 mark each)

5.2
Fill in the blanks below with the words given.

chemical electrical joule kilocalorie kinetic light potential sound thermal

5.3
1 The Sun gives out energy and energy.

2 Hitting a drum, speaking and singing give out energy.

3 Electric fans and television sets obtain energy from power

Unit exercise
stations.

4 A spring gains energy when it is compressed.

5 Fuels and food store energy.

6 The units of energy include the and .

II True or false questions (1 mark each)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement in the boxes provided.

1 A dry cell stores electrical energy.

2 Petrol stores chemical energy.

3 An electric iron gives out thermal energy and light energy when it is switched on.

4 The faster an object moves, the more kinetic energy it has.

5 A lift gains potential energy when it goes up.

31
 5 Energy

Level 2
5.1 A-B

I Question

John and his friends are having a BBQ. Complete the sentences to describe the different
forms of energy in the pictures below. (7 marks)
5.1 C-E

food
a The food and the charcoal ( 炭 ) store
.

b The BBQ fire gives out

5.2

and
charcoal .

phone
5.3

c The phone and the speakers give out

. speakers

d They work on
Unit exercise

e The running monkey has

.

f The monkey climbs up the tree and

gains .

Marks: /20

32
 Energy 5

Section Exercise 5.1 C Energy conversion

5.1 A-B
5.1 D Conservation of energy
E 5.1 E Energy conversion efficiency
Level 1

5.1 C-E
I Fill in the blanks (1 mark each)

Fill in the blanks below with the words given.

burning conserved efficiency generator photosynthesis solar cell steam engine

5.2
1 The chemical energy stored in fuel is converted to light energy and thermal energy in
the process of .

2 In green plants, light energy is converted to chemical energy in the process of

.

5.3
3 In many power stations, the turbine drives the to generate
electricity.

Unit exercise
4 Light energy is directly converted to electrical energy by a .

5 The total amount of energy in an energy conversion is always .

E 6 To find out how much input energy is converted to useful energy, we can calculate
the .

II True or false questions (1 mark each)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement in the boxes provided.

1 An energy conversion takes place when baking soda is added to vinegar.

2 Electrical energy can only be generated by a generator.

3 In some energy conversions, the total amount of energy before the conversion
may be more than that after the conversion.

E 4 A high-efficiency device uses less energy than a low-efficiency device to do

the same job.

33
 5 Energy

Level 2
5.1 A-B

I Multiple-choice questions (1 mark each)

1 Which of the following energy conversions

takes place when the arrow is let go?
5.1 C-E

A Electrical energy ➝ potential energy

B Kinetic energy ➝ light energy
C Chemical energy ➝ thermal energy
D Potential energy ➝ kinetic energy
5.2

2 Which of the following energy conversions takes place in a dry cell-powered speaker
when we turn it on?
5.3
Unit exercise

A Kinetic energy ➝ chemical energy ➝ thermal energy

B Electrical energy ➝ chemical energy ➝ sound energy
C Chemical energy ➝ electrical energy ➝ sound energy
D Chemical energy ➝ potential energy ➝ electrical energy

3 The metal pipe (with a wire gauze inside) is heated

by the Bunsen flame for some time as shown. metal pipe

What can be observed?

(1) The pipe becomes shorter.
(2) The pipe gives out sound.
wire gauze
(3) The pipe glows brightly.
A (2) only
B (1) and (2) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

34
 Energy 5

4 Arrange the energy conversions occurring in a

boiler containing

5.1 A-B
steam engine model in the correct order. water steam pipe

(1) Electrical energy generated by the

fuel chamber steam
generator turbine

(2) Kinetic energy and thermal energy of

the steam

5.1 C-E
(3) Chemical energy stored in the fuel
(4) Kinetic energy of the steam turbine
light bulb generator
A (3) ➝ (4) ➝ (2) ➝ (1)
B (2) ➝ (3) ➝ (1) ➝ (4)

5.2
C (3) ➝ (2) ➝ (4) ➝ (1)
D (1) ➝ (4) ➝ (2) ➝ (3)

II Questions

5.3
1 David blows up a balloon and holds its mouth. Then he releases the
balloon.

Unit exercise
a What happens to the balloon when David releases it? (1 mark)

b Write down the energy conversion in a. (3 marks)

stored in the balloon

➝ +

2 The photo below shows a garden lamp powered by solar energy.

solar cell
rechargeable battery

lamp

During daytime, the solar cell receives sunlight and charges up ( 充電 ) a rechargeable
battery ( 充電池 ) in the lamp.

35
 5 Energy

The energy stored in the battery is then used to light up a light bulb at night. The
5.1 A-B

bulb becomes hot when it is lit.

a Write down the following energy conversions in the lamp. (6 marks)
i During daytime:
from the Sun ➝ electrical energy ➝
5.1 C-E

in the battery
ii During night time:
in the battery ➝ ➝
and given out by lamp
5.2

At night, the battery supplies 1000 J of electrical energy to the bulb. The bulb gives
out 300 J of light energy and 700 J of thermal energy.

b Draw a Sankey diagram to show the energy conversion. (2 marks)

5.3
Unit exercise

E c Calculate the energy conversion efficiency of the light bulb. (2 marks)

E d The efficiency of the solar cell is 5%. Calculate the amount of light energy
required to generate 1000 J of electrical energy. (2 marks)

Marks: /30

36
 Energy 5

Section Exercise 5.2 Heat transfer

5.1 A-B
Level 1

I Fill in the blanks (1 mark each)

5.1 C-E
Fill in the blanks below with the words given.

absorbers cold conductors heat transfer hot

insulators radiators rise sink vacuum

5.2
1 The transfer of thermal energy from one place to another is called
.

2 In conduction, energy is transferred from the end to the

5.3
end of an object.

3 Materials that conduct heat fast are good . Materials that

conduct heat slowly are good .

Unit exercise
4 When liquids and gases are heated, they become hot and .

5 Radiation can occur in a and in all directions.

6 Objects that absorb thermal energy by radiation are called and

those that emit are called .

II True or false questions (1 mark each)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement in the boxes provided.

1 Conduction can only occur in solids.

2 In general, metals are good conductors.

3 Convection heaters are usually installed high on the wall.

4 A dull black object is a better absorber than a shiny white object.

37
 5 Energy

Level 2
5.1 A-B

I Multiple-choice questions (1 mark each)

1 The diagram below shows three drawing pins P, Q and R stuck along three rods
made of different materials. Which of the following correctly describes the sequence
5.1 C-E

of drawing pin falling?

R Q P

copper
5.2

iron
glass
5.3

A P➝Q➝R
B P➝R➝Q
Unit exercise

C Q➝R➝P
D R➝P➝Q

2 Which of the following materials is suitable for making the handle of a cooking pot?

handle

(1) Copper
(2) Plastic
(3) Wood
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

38
 Energy 5

3 A convection heater is placed in the room. Which of the following diagrams correctly

5.1 A-B
describes the direction of convection in the room?

5.1 C-E
convection
heater

5.2
A B C D

5.3
Unit exercise
4 Below are three different surfaces.

Dull black Silvery White

Which of the above surfaces is the best for each of the following?

Absorbing radiation Emitting radiation Reflecting radiation

A white white silvery
B white silvery dull black
C dull black white white
D dull black dull black silvery

39
 5 Energy

5 The diagram below shows a burning candle. Points P and Q are same distance from
5.1 A-B

the flame.
P

Q
5.1 C-E

Point P has a higher temperature because

5.2

A there is no heat transfer by radiation at point Q.

B more energy is transferred by conduction at point P.
C more energy is transferred upwards by convection.
D point P receives more light from the candle flame.
5.3

6 Car engines are usually painted black. This is because materials in black give off
thermal energy faster by
Unit exercise

A conduction.
B radiation.
C convection.
D evaporation.

7 Which of the heat transfer processes involve(s) the flow of materials?

A Conduction only
B Convection only
C Conduction and convection only
D Conduction, convection and radiation

40
 Energy 5

II Questions

5.1 A-B
1 Which of the materials below are good conductors and which are good insulators?
Put a ‘✓’ in the correct boxes. (4 marks)
Material Good conductor Good insulator
Iron

5.1 C-E
Plastic
Copper
Air

2 The photos below show how a kind of deer looks in summer and in winter. In winter,

5.2
the fur of the deer becomes thicker and darker.

Summer Winter

5.3
Unit exercise
a Explain how the thicker fur can help the deer keep warm in winter by filling in the
blanks below. (3 marks)

Thicker fur can trap , which is a good

. It conducts thermal energy away from the animal body
very , hence helps the deer keep warm.

b Explain how the dark colour of the fur can further help the deer keep warm under
sunlight by filling in the blanks below. (4 marks)

Darker coloured fur is a better . It absorbs more

thermal energy by from , hence
.

41
 5 Energy

3 The photo below (Fig 1) shows a pool that stores natural hot spring water.
5.1 A-B

A
5.1 C-E

B
heater

Fig 1 Fig 2

When the water in the pool is not hot enough, the heater at the bottom is turned on
5.2

to heat up the water (Fig 2).

a Name the main process in heating the whole pool of water. (1 mark)
5.3

b In Fig 3, draw the direction of thermal energy transfer with arrows. (1 mark)

c Explain why the heater can heat up the water evenly by filling in the blanks below.
(3 marks)
Unit exercise

1 2
When the heater is The cooler water in
turned on, the water the surrounding
near the heater region

.
A
the hot water.

B
heater
3
The water in 2 is then .
Hence the water in the whole pool is heated up evenly.

Fig 3

Marks: /36

42
 Energy 5

Section Exercise E 5.3 Energy sources

5.1 A-B
Level 1

I Fill in the blanks (1 mark each)

5.1 C-E
Fill in the blanks below with the words given.

acid rain air pollutants biomass energy coal crude oil fluorescent
global warming hydroelectric power natural gas nuclear power

5.2
1 Fossil fuels include , and
.

2 The burning of fossil fuels gives out many that harm our

5.3
health.

3 When sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides dissolve in rainwater,

may be formed.

Unit exercise
4 Solar energy, wind power, , and
are alternative energy sources.

5 or LED bulbs are more energy efficient than filament bulbs.

II True or false questions (1 mark each)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement in the boxes provided.

1 Fossil fuels are non-renewable energy sources.

2 Acid rain does not kill animals.

solar cell

3 Greenhouse effect helps keep the Earth warm.

4 Solar energy can only be used through solar cells.

5 Nuclear power is a renewable energy source.

43
 5 Energy

III Matching (1 mark each)

5.1 A-B

Match the energy sources in the left column with their descriptions in the right column
by writing i to v in the spaces below.

Energy source Description

5.1 C-E

A Solar power i Making use of air flow to generate electricity.

5.2

B Wind power ii Making use of water flow to generate electricity.

5.3

C Hydroelectric power iii Making use of nuclear fuels to generate electricity.

Unit exercise

D Biomass energy iv Including the use of solar cells to convert light energy
directly into electrical energy.

E Nuclear power v Making use of plant or animal matter to generate electricity

or producing fuels.

A B C D E

44
 Energy 5

Level 2

5.1 A-B
I Multiple-choice questions (1 mark each)

1 Which of the following are possible effects of global warming?

(1) (2) (3)

5.1 C-E
5.2
More extreme weather Melting of ice caps Rising of sea level
conditions

A (1) and (2) only

5.3
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

Unit exercise
2 Which of the following belong(s) to renewable energy sources?
(1) Solar power
(2) Fossil fuels
(3) Nuclear power
A (1) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

3 Which of the following is NOT a reason for developing alternative energy sources?
A Fossil fuels are limited in supply.
B Using fossil fuels can harm our health and the environment.
C Alternative energy sources do not harm the environment.
D Our energy consumption keeps on increasing.

45
 5 Energy

II Questions
5.1 A-B

1 The table below shows some concerns about alternative energy sources. Complete
the table. (5 marks)

Energy source Concern (state one)

5.1 C-D

a Solar energy

b It is limited to locations where there are large rivers.

c Wind power

d There is no safe way to dispose of nuclear waste.

5.2

e Biomass energy

2 In each of the pictures below, state what should be done to save energy. (3 marks)
5.3

a b
Unit exercise

Marks: /30

46
 Energy 5

Unit Exercise

5.1 A-B
I True or false questions (1 mark each)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement in the boxes provided.

1 Food and fuels store chemical energy.

5.1 C-D
2 Filament bulbs change electrical energy to light and thermal energy.

3 When a fuel is burnt, it gains chemical energy.

4 Sleeping does not need energy.

5.2
5 Conduction does not occur in insulators.

6 Convection can only occur in liquids.

7 The Sun transfers thermal energy to the Earth by radiation.

5.3
E 8 Nitrogen oxides are air pollutants which can lead to formation of acid rain.

II Multiple-choice questions (1 mark each)

Unit exercise
1 What is the energy conversion involved in typing?
A Chemical energy of the food ➝ kinetic energy of the
hands
B Potential energy of the body ➝ chemical energy of
the food
C Kinetic energy of the hands ➝ thermal energy of the
body
D Thermal energy of the body ➝ kinetic energy of the hands

2 A skydiver is falling in air. Which form of energy is he losing?

A Potential energy
B Sound energy
C Kinetic energy
D Chemical energy

47
 5 Energy

3 Bun Scrambling Competition ( 搶包山 ) is a traditional activity

5.1 A-B

in Cheung Chau. Participants climb up the Bun Tower and

collect buns from the Tower.

When the competition starts, participants climb to the top of

the Tower and stay there. Which of the following forms of
5.1 C-D

energy of the participants would increase?

(1) Potential energy
(2) Kinetic energy
(3) Chemical energy
A (1) only
5.2

B (1) and (3) only

C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
5.3

E 4 A generator converts 750 J of kinetic energy into 150 J of thermal energy and 600 J of
electrical energy. What is its energy conversion efficiency?
A 100%
Unit exercise

B 80%
C 25%
D 20%

5 Which of the following Sankey diagrams correctly shows the energy conversion
occurring in the generator in Question 4?

A B 150 J thermal
energy
750 J 600 J 750 J
kinetic electrical kinetic
energy energy energy
600 J electrical
energy

C 150 J thermal D 150 J thermal

energy energy
750 J 750 J
kinetic kinetic
energy energy
600 J electrical 600 J electrical
energy energy

48
 Energy 5

6 The photo (Fig 1) below shows a thermal cup which can keep drinks hot for a long

5.1 A-B
time. Fig 2 shows its structure.

vacuum

5.1 C-D
outer case

inner case

cap

5.2
Fig 1 Fig 2

Which of the following statements about the cup are correct?

(1) The cap reduces heat loss by convection.

5.3
(2) The vacuum prevents heat loss by radiation.
(3) The cup can also keep drinks cold for a long time.

Unit exercise
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

7 Below shows four containers W, X, Y and Z of identical shape. They are filled with
water at 25 °C. Then they are put under strong sunlight.

dull black surface shiny surface dull black surface shiny surface

1 kg of water 1 kg of water 2 kg of water 2 kg of water

W X Y Z

In which container is the water heated up to 30 °C first?

A W B X
C Y D Z

49
 5 Energy

8 A beaker of water is heated by a Bunsen flame near the top of the beaker. Which of the
5.1 A-B

following best describes the temperature in the lower region?

5.1 C-D

A It increases quickly due to conduction.

5.2

B It increases quickly due to convection.

C It increases slowly since convection hardly occurs in the water.
D It will not increase unless the beaker is painted black.

E 9 Which of the following statements about fossil fuels is/are correct?

5.3

(1) Fossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy.

(2) Fossil fuels are the only fuels for generating electricity.
(3) Fossil fuels produce large amounts of air pollutants when burnt.
Unit exercise

A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only

E 10 Which of the following statements about alternative energy sources is

INCORRECT?
A Solar power does not produce air pollutants.
B Hydroelectric power is a suitable energy source for Hong Kong.
C The leakage of radioactive substances from nuclear power plants can cause
cancer or even death.
D The use of biomass energy can lead to global warming.

50
 Energy 5

III Questions

5.1 A-B
Application

1 Tommy is going to shoot a marble using a rubber band as

shown.

5.1 C-D
a Which form of energy does the rubber band store when it
is stretched? (1 mark)

b He then releases the marble. Write down the energy conversion. (2 marks)

5.2
Experiment

5.3
2 a Mandy carries out an experiment with the set-up below.

LED bulb

Unit exercise
switch
pulley

fan

Mandy blows to turn the fan. What happens to the LED bulb? (1 mark)

b Fill in the boxes below to show the energy conversions involved. (5 marks)

energy of the energy of the energy energy given

fan ➝ pulley ➝ produced ➝ out by the LED
by the bulb

51
 5 Energy

Skill Designing investigations

5.1 A-B

3 Billy designs an investigation to study the potential energy stored in three rubber
bands of different thickness (thin, medium and thick). He designs the following
‘rubber-band car’.
5.1 C-D

propeller
rubber band
5.2

He turns the propeller ( 螺旋槳 ) for some rounds and then releases the car on the
table. He measures how far the car goes.

a What does the distance travelled by the car show about the energy stored in the
5.3

rubber band? (1 mark)

The longer the distance travelled,
Unit exercise

The table below shows the results.

Thickness of rubber band Thin Medium Thick

Distance travelled by the ‘car’ (cm) 23 45 62

b State the variables for this experiment. (3 marks)

Dependent variable:
Independent variable:
Controlled variable (state ONE):

c What can you conclude from the above results? (1 mark)

52
 Energy 5

Daily application

5.1 A-B
4 Fig 1 below shows a solar water heater on the roof of a house.

sunlight

5.1 C-D
glass

pipe

5.2
Fig 1 Fig 2

The sunlight heats up the pipe. The pipe then heats up the cold water (Fig 2).

5.3
a State the process by which thermal energy is transferred
i from the Sun to the Earth: (1 mark)
ii from the pipe to the water: (1 mark)

Unit exercise
b Suggest why the solar water heater is covered with glass. (3 marks)

The glass traps around the pipe. Since it is a

, heat loss by can be

reduced.

c i Which material, copper or plastic, is more suitable for making the pipe?
Explain briefly. (2 marks)

ii Explain what colour you would paint the pipe. (2 marks)

d In Fig 2, draw an arrow in each box to show the direction of water flowing into
and out of the heater. (2 marks)

53
 5 Energy

STEM
5.1 A-B

5 Belle designs and makes a lamp that runs on fruits as shown below. She connects the
lemon cell to an LED and observes if it lights up.
5.1 C-D

copper zinc

lemon

LED
5.2

She repeats the experiment with different numbers of fruits and compares the
brightness of the LED. She also repeats the experiment with apple and grapefruit.
The table below shows the results.
5.3

Brightness of LED

Lemon Apple Grapefruit

Number of fruits
Unit exercise

( = LED does not light up; = LED brightest)

a How many fruits are needed to light up an LED? (1 mark)

b Which fruit is the most suitable to make the lamp? (1 mark)

54
 Energy 5

c What can Belle do if she wants to use the fruit cell on another appliance that

5.1 A-B
needs more energy to work? (1 mark)

d Suggest ONE concern if Belle puts the lamp in daily use. (1 mark)

5.1 C-D
Reading

6 Read the article below and answer the questions.

5.2
Hybrid cars
The hybrid car is a special type of vehicle. Like ordinary cars,
a hybrid car moves by burning petrol during normal driving.
However, it can ‘recycle’ its kinetic energy during braking. As
the car brakes, the wheels turn a generator. The generator

5.3
charges up a battery in the car. The battery can drive a motor
to move the car at low speeds.

Unit exercise
a State the forms of energy in the energy conversions that happen in each of the
following cases.
i Normal driving (3 marks)
Chemical energy ➝
ii Braking (2 marks)
Kinetic energy ➝
iii Driving at low speeds (2 marks)
Chemical energy ➝

E b Explain how hybrid cars can help reduce air pollution in places where traffic
congestion ( 交通擠塞 ) is common. (3 marks)

55
 5 Energy

Skill Designing investigations

5.1 A-B

7 Sharon designs an investigation to study

the effect of colour of the container on thermometer thermometer

heat loss. She sets up two flasks of the

same size as shown on the right.
5.1 C-D

stopper
When the experiment starts, Sharon Flask A Flask B

adds same volume of hot water into both

flasks. Then she measures the water
flask painted flask painted
temperature in each flask at different dull black silvery
times. She plots the results in the graph
5.2

below. hot water inside

80
5.3

Q
temperature (˚C)

60

40
P
Unit exercise

20

0 time (min)
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

a What is the starting temperature of the water? (1 mark)

b Which line represents flask A, and which represents flask B? (1 mark)

Flask A: Flask B:

c Explain the result. (1 mark)

d After that, Sharon wraps flask B with cotton wool and repeats the experiment. In
the graph above, sketch a curve to show how the temperature changes when it is
wrapped with cotton wool. (1 mark)

Marks: /61

56
6 Matter as particles

6.1
Section Exercise 6.1 Matter and particle theory

6.2
Level 1

I Fill in the blanks (1 mark each)

6.3-6.4
Fill in the blanks below with the words given.

air atoms empty spaces mass molecules particles randomly

6.5
1 Matter is anything which has and takes up space.

2 In the particle theory, the particles are moving

all the time.

3 In the particle theory, there are between

6.6
the particles.

4 Gold is made up of particles called gold .

Unit exercise
gold
II True or false questions (1 mark each)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement in the boxes provided.

1 Sound is an example of matter.

2 The volume of the mixture of water and alcohol is larger than the sum of
the volumes of the two liquids.

3 Particles that make up different substances may have different sizes.

4 Gas particles move in one direction only.

5 Smoke particles are too small to be seen under microscopes.

6 The smoke particles in a smoke cell move by themselves.

57
 6 Matter as particles

Level 2
6.1

I Multiple-choice questions (1 mark each)

1 Which of the following statements about matter are correct?

(1) All matter has colour.
6.2

(2) All matter has mass.

(3) All matter takes up space.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
6.3-6.4

C (2) and (3) only

D (1), (2) and (3)

2 Which of the following is NOT a statement of the particle theory?

6.5

A All matter is made up of particles.

B The particles are moving randomly all the time.
C Different substances are made up of different particles.
D The particles can be seen under microscopes.
6.6

3 A jar of brown gas is put beside a jar of air. The two jars are separated by cover plates.

brown gas air

Unit exercise

Which of the following diagrams correctly shows the particles after the plates are
removed?

A B

C D

58
 Matter as particles 6

4 When we look at a smoke cell through a microscope, we can observe that

A the smoke particles are at rest.

6.1
B the air particles and the smoke particles are moving randomly.
C the smoke particles keep on jiggling around.
D the air particles are moving randomly.

6.2
5 Which of the following statements about atoms or molecules is INCORRECT?
A Atom is the basic unit of matter.
B All atoms have the same size and mass.

6.3-6.4
C Molecules are formed from atoms.
D A water molecule is made up of oxygen and hydrogen atoms.

II Question

Some water is mixed with alcohol as shown below.

6.5
water alcohol

100
100 100 100

90 90 70 90

80 80 80

6.6
40
70

60
+ 70

60 60
70

60
90
50 50 50

40 40 40

30 30 30 30

20 20 20

10 10 10

Unit exercise
a Take the readings from the two measuring cylinders above. (2 marks)
Water: Alcohol:

b i What is the total volume after mixing water and alcohol together? (1 mark)

ii Explain the change in volume after mixing by filling in the blanks. (4 marks)

Water and alcohol are made up of .

There are between the particles. When they are mixed
together, the smaller particles ,
and so the total volume is than the sum.

Marks: /22
59
 6 Matter as particles

Section Exercise 6.2 Particle model

6.1

Level 1

I Fill in the blanks (1 mark each)

6.2

Fill in the blanks below with the words given.

arranged regularly mass movement shape vibrates volume

6.3

1 Matter in the solid state has fixed and .

2 A kinetic theory model can be used to simulate the and

arrangement of particles in the three states of matter.
6.4

transparent tube
6.5

bead
piston vibrator
Unit exercise

to power
supply

3 Particles in a liquid are closely packed but not .

4 Each particle in a solid about a fixed position.

II True or false questions (1 mark each)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement in the boxes provided.

1 The particle model can explain different properties of solid, liquid and gas.

2 Particles of solids are arranged in a regular pattern.

3 There are no spaces between solid particles.

4 Particles of liquids can move freely in all directions.

60
 Matter as particles 6

Level 2

6.1
I Multiple-choice questions (1 mark each)

1 Liquids have no fixed shapes because

A the spaces between liquid particles are small.

6.2
B the liquid particles can move around.
C the liquid particles are tiny.
D the liquid particles can fill up all the spaces in a closed container.

2 Which of the following has/have fixed volume but no fixed shape?

6.3
(1) (2) (3)

6.4
Oil Orange juice Plastic foam box

A (1) only B (3) only

6.5
C (1) and (2) only D (2) and (3) only

II Questions

Unit exercise
1 Below shows the arrangement of some particles in solid state. Draw diagrams in the
spaces below to represent the arrangement of particles in liquid and gas states.
(3 marks)

Solid Liquid Gas

61
 6 Matter as particles

2 The diagram below shows a box that contains some substance. The substance could
be a solid, a liquid or a gas. The substance is then put into a much larger box. The
6.1

result is shown below.

6.2

substance

substance

a What is the state of this substance? Explain briefly. (2 marks)

6.3

b Draw the results if the matter is of the other two states. Name the state for each of
your drawings. (2 marks)
6.4

(i) State: (ii) State:

6.5

3 Some ice on a table becomes water after a while.

Unit exercise

Compare the arrangement of particles in ice (solid) and water (liquid). (3 marks)

Similarities Difference

Arrangement • The particles in both states are • Particles in ice are arranged in
of particles
. but

• The spaces between the particles particles in water are not.

in both states are .

Marks: /21

62
 Matter as particles 6

Section Exercise 6.3 Dissolving

6.4 Thermal expansion and contraction

6.1
Level 1

I Fill in the blanks (1 mark each)

6.2
Fill in the blanks below with the words given.

bimetallic strip distributed faster is conserved

may change slower thermostats

6.3-6.4
1 When a solute dissolves in a solvent, the solute particles become evenly
among the solvent particles.

2 The total mass of the solute and solvent in dissolving.

6.5
3 The total volume of the solute and solvent in dissolving.

4 When temperature of a substance increases, its particles move .

5 turn the appliances on or off when they reach a certain

6.6
temperature.

6 In a , two different metal strips are joined together. These

two metals expand differently when heated.

Unit exercise
II True or false questions (1 mark each)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement in the boxes provided.

1 Sugar crystals will melt after they are put into a glass of water and stirred.

2 When a substance is heated, its particles become larger.

3 In general, gases expand more than liquids and liquids expand more than solids.

4 Liquid-in-glass thermometers and fire sprinklers are applications of thermal

expansion and contraction.

5 All thermostats contain bimetallic strips.

63
 6 Matter as particles

Level 2
6.1

I Multiple-choice questions (1 mark each)

1 When we add a spoonful of sugar to a cup of lemon tea and

then stir the solution, the sugar gradually disappears. Why?
6.2

A The sugar particles separate from one another and they are
too tiny to be seen.
B The sugar particles are masked by the water particles.
C The sugar particles evaporate as vapour.
6.3-6.4

D The sugar particles are used up and disappear.

2 Two experiments are carried out as follows:

Experiment 1: Mixing 5 g
Experiment 2: Mixing 5 g
6.5

of sand and 250 g of water

of sugar and 250 g of water
with stirring
with stirring
sand
sugar
6.6

water
water
Unit exercise

Which of the following gives the total mass after the experiments?
Experiment 1 Experiment 2
A 260 g 260 g
B 255 g 255 g
C 255 g 250 g
D 250 g 255 g

3 Which of the following is the working principle of a bimetallic strip?

A The two metal strips lose the ability to conduct electricity on heating.
B The two metal strips expand to different extents on heating.
C The number of particles in the two metal strips increases on heating.
D The two metal strips remain straight on heating.

64
 Matter as particles 6

4 Which of the following statements can be used to explain the decrease in total
volume after certain amount of salt dissolves in water?

6.1
(1) Salt particles and water particles are of different sizes.
(2) Salt particles move apart from each other during dissolving.
(3) The smaller particles fill the spaces between the larger particles.
A (1) only

6.2
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

6.3-6.4
5 Which of the following will expand when heated?
A Solids and liquids only
B Solids and gases only
C Liquids and gases only

6.5
D Solids, liquids and gases

6 A heated metal bar cannot fit into a gauge. Why? gauge

metal bar
A The metal particles of the metal bar become larger

6.6
after heating.
B The spaces between the metal particles of the metal
bar become larger after heating.
C The particles of the gauge become smaller after heating.

Unit exercise
D The spaces between the particles of the gauge become smaller after heating.

II Questions

1 Some orange powder is added into a glass of water. After stirring,

the powder disappears.

a What happens to the orange powder? (1 mark)

b State TWO observations when the orange powder is dissolving in

water. (2 marks)

65
 6 Matter as particles

c Describe the process of dissolving using the particle theory. (2 marks)

When the solute dissolves in the solvent, the solute particles

6.1

. Finally, the solute particles become

2 The photo (Fig 1) below shows a metal ball and a ring. The ball can just pass through
6.2

the ring.
6.3-6.4
6.5
6.6

Fig 1 Fig 2

The metal ball is then heated on a Bunsen flame for a few minutes. After heating, the
Unit exercise

ball cannot pass through the ring (Fig 2).

a Explain this observation by filling in the blanks. (2 marks)

The metal ball when it is heated. The ball becomes

(larger/smaller) than the ring so it cannot pass
through the ring.

b Explain the change in the metal ball using the particle theory. (3 marks)

The particles of metal ball during heating. This causes

the spaces between the particles to and the ball to
.

Marks: /27

66
 Matter as particles 6

Section Exercise E 6.5 Gas pressure

6.1
Level 1

I Fill in the blanks (1 mark each)

6.2
Fill in the blanks below with the words given.

atmosphere atmospheric pressure compressed expanded Magdeburg

6.3-6.4
1 In a gas, there are large spaces between the particles. This allows a gas to be
.

2 The Earth is surrounded by a layer of air called the . Gas particles

in the layer of air surrounding the Earth exert .

6.5
3 When air is drawn out of the hemispheres, it is difficult to pull
them apart.

II True or false questions (1 mark each)

6.6
Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement in the boxes provided.

1 When a gas in a closed container is compressed, the gas pressure decreases.

Unit exercise
2 The pressure of a gas in a container decreases when the temperature decreases.

3 When the vacuum pump draws air out of the can, the number of air particles in
the can decreases.

air plasticine

can

rubber tubing
(to vacuum
pump)

4 When we drink with a straw, the air pressure inside the straw is increased.

67
 6 Matter as particles

Level 2
6.1

I Multiple-choice questions (1 mark each)

1 Gas pressure is a result of

A the weight of the gas particles in a closed container.
6.2

B the expanding of the gas particles in a closed container.

C the hitting of the gas particles on the container walls of a closed container.
D the increase in the number of gas particles in a closed container.
6.3-6.4

2 If all particles below move equally fast, which of following containers has the highest
gas pressure?

A B C D
6.5
6.6

3 The photo shows a beach ball containing some air. Which

of the following actions can increase the air pressure inside
Unit exercise

the ball?
(1) Compress the ball
(2) Pump more air into the ball
(3) Put the ball into hot water
A (1) and (2) only B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only D (1), (2) and (3)

4 When we pull the plunger of an unsealed syringe as

shown, the air particles inside the syringe
A get closer.
B get further apart.
C increase in size.
D increase in number.

68
 Matter as particles 6

II Questions

1 The empty box collapses when air is sucked from it. Fill in

6.1
the blanks to explain this. (4 marks)

When air is sucked from the box, the number of air particles
in the box . Much

6.2
particles hit the inside of the box. The gas pressure inside
becomes than the atmospheric
pressure. The pressure outside

6.3-6.4
crushes the box.

2 A gas is placed inside a gas syringe in which the nozzle is sealed ( 封閉 ). The plunger
is pushed and the gas inside is compressed as shown below.

gas particle

6.5
6.6
plunger

Fig 1 Before a gas is compressed Fig 2 After a gas is compressed

Unit exercise
a In Fig 2, draw the gas particles inside after the gas is compressed. (You should
show the number, size and movement of particles clearly.) (3 marks)

b The syringe is then put into a beaker of hot water.

i What will happen to the plunger? (1 mark)

hot water
ii Fill in the blanks to explain this. (4 marks)

The temperature of the gas . The

gas particles
. The gas pressure
and pushes the plunger
Marks: /24
.

69
 6 Matter as particles

Section Exercise 6.6 Density

6.1

Level 1

I Fill in the blanks (1 mark each)

6.2

Fill in the blanks below with the words given.

floats kg/m3 m3/kg sinks

6.3-6.4

1 The unit of density is g/cm3 or .

2 If the density of an object is lower than that of a liquid, it in

the liquid.
6.5

3 If the density of an object is higher than that of a liquid, it in

the liquid.

II True or false questions (1 mark each)

6.6

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement in the boxes provided.

1 A marshmallow floats on a chocolate drink because its density is lower

than that of the chocolate drink.
Unit exercise

marshmallow

2 Density of a substance is the volume per unit mass.

3 An iron block has a larger mass than an aluminium block of same volume.

4 Ice is a solid and hence has a higher density than liquid water.

E 5 Generally, hot water is denser than cold water.

6 The shape of a piece of plasticine affects whether it sinks or floats in water.

70
 Matter as particles 6

Level 2

6.1
I Multiple-choice questions (1 mark each)

1 Tommy puts two liquids and two solids in a beaker. The diagram below shows
the result. Which of the following correctly shows the four substances in order of
decreasing density?

6.2
6.3-6.4
P
Q
R
S

A P>R>Q>S
B P>Q>R>S

6.5
C S>Q>R>P
D S>R>Q>P

2 Steel ships can float in water because

6.6
Unit exercise
A the mass of the ship is small.
B the overall density of the ship is lower than that of water.
C the density of steel is lower than that of water.
D the volume of the ship is small.

E 3 Hot air balloons rise because

A the air particles in the balloons become lighter when heated.
B the number of air particles in the balloons increases when heated.
C the density of air inside the balloons decreases when heated.
D the particles in air move in all directions.

71
 6 Matter as particles

II Questions

1 When some water is heated to steam, does each of the following properties change?
6.1

Put a ‘✓’ in the box(es) below if the property has changed. (2 marks)

a Density of water
b Mass of water
6.2

c Volume of water
d Size of water particles

2 You have four liquids that do not mix with each other. Some data of the liquids are
6.3-6.4

shown in the table below.

Liquid W X Y Z

Mass (g) 24 10 30

Volume (cm3) 10 20 10
6.5

Density
2.4 3.0 0.8
( )

a Complete the above table (including the unit of density). (4 marks)

6.6

b If the four liquids are put together in a beaker, what will be their positions?
Draw a labelled diagram in the space below to show your answer. (4 marks)
Unit exercise

Marks: /22

72
 Matter as particles 6

Unit Exercise

6.1
I True or false questions (1 mark each)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement in the boxes provided.

1 We can smell the bread in a bakery because particles from the bread move in all
directions and some reach our nose.

6.2
2 The atoms in a large piece of gold are bigger than those in a small piece.

3 Marshmallows become larger when they are heated because their particles have

6.3-6.4
increased in size after heating.

6.5
6.6
E 4 We do not notice atmospheric pressure because it does not act on us.

5 Object X must be heavier than object Y if X is denser than Y.

6 When a substance changes from liquid state to gas state, its density decreases.

Unit exercise
7 For a beaker containing both oil and water, the oil sinks if the volume of oil
is greater than that of the water.

8 Two objects with different masses and volumes may have the same density.

II Multiple-choice questions (1 mark each)

1 Which of the following statements about particles in the particle model is

INCORRECT?
A Particles of solids are at rest in fixed positions.
B The spaces between particles in a liquid are small compared with a gas.
C The particles in a liquid are not arranged regularly.
D Gas particles can fill up all the spaces in a closed container.

73
 6 Matter as particles

2 A gas can easily be compressed because

A gas particles will stick together when the gas is compressed.
6.1

B there are a lot of spaces between gas particles.

C gas particles will decrease in number when the gas is compressed.
D gas particles will decrease in size when the gas is compressed.
6.2

3 A jar (full of jam) with a metal lid may become difficult to open. After putting the lid
in hot water for a while, it becomes easier to open the jar.
6.3-6.4

metal lid
6.5

This is an application of
A atmospheric pressure.
B thermal expansion and contraction.
C density.
6.6

D dissolving.

4 As shown in Fig 1, the total mass of substances A and B (in beakers) is measured on a
Unit exercise

balance. The reading is 140 g.

g ???g

Fig 1 Fig 2

Substance B is then poured into A. B dissolves in A to form a solution. What will be

the reading in Fig 2?
A More than 140 g B 140 g
C Less than 140 g D Cannot be determined.

74
 Matter as particles 6

Directions: Questions 5 and 6 refer to the bar chart below.

6.1
4

6.2
density (g/cm3)

6.3-6.4
1

0
A B C D

6.5
substance

5 Which of the four substances has the highest density?

A Substance A
B Substance B

6.6
C Substance C
D Substance D

Unit exercise
6 The density of water is 1.0 g/cm3. Which of the four substances will float in water?
A Substance D only
B Substances A and C only
C Substances B and C only
D Substances A, B and C only

7 Find the density of the key from the cm3 cm3

data on the right. 100

90
100
90
80 80
3
A 0.71 g/cm 70 70
60 60
3
B 1.40 g/cm
50 50
key
40 40
30 30

C 1.74 g/cm3 20
10
20
10
3
D 3.33 g/cm
186.09 g 200.09 g

75
 6 Matter as particles

8 After the vacuum pump is switched on, it becomes very difficult to pull the pair of
Magdeburg hemispheres apart. Which of the following explanations is/are correct?
6.1

Magdeburg hemispheres
6.2

to vacuum pump
6.3-6.4

(1) The hemispheres melt and stick together.

(2) No air particles remain inside the hemispheres.
(3) Atmospheric pressure outside presses the two hemispheres firmly together.
A (3) only B (1) and (2) only
C (2) and (3) only D (1), (2) and (3)
6.5

9 Which of the following does NOT make use of thermal expansion and contraction?
A Fire sprinkler
B Liquid-in-glass thermometer
6.6

C Thermostat
D Magdeburg hemispheres
Unit exercise

E 10 Which of the following is/are due to atmospheric pressure?

(1) (2) (3)

hole

Milk does not flow out if there You smell coffee from a coffee The box collapses when you
is only one hole on the can shop far away keep sucking air from it

A (1) only B (1) and (3) only

C (2) and (3) only D (1), (2) and (3)

76
 Matter as particles 6

Directions: Questions 11 and 12 refer to the set-up below.

6.1
bell jar

to vacuum

6.2
pump

balloon

E 11 If the vacuum pump is switched on, the balloon in the bell jar will become

6.3-6.4
A smaller because the number of air particles inside the balloon decreases.
B smaller because the air pressure inside the balloon is lower than that
inside the bell jar.
C bigger because the air particles inside the balloon become bigger.
D bigger because the air pressure inside the balloon is greater than that

6.5
inside the bell jar.

E 12 Why does the bell jar NOT collapse when the vacuum pump is switched on?
A The number of air particles inside the jar is the same as that outside.

6.6
B The air pressure inside the jar is the same as that outside.
C The bell jar is hard enough.
D No air particles hit the outside of the bell jar.

Unit exercise
13 There are four liquids W, X, Y and Z. When different pairs of liquids are poured
into a beaker together, the results are shown below.

W X Z
X Y Y

If the four liquids are arranged in order of increasing density, which of the following
is possible?
A W<X<Y<Z
B W<Z<X<Y
C Y<X<Z<W
D X<Z<W<Y

77
 6 Matter as particles

III Questions
6.1

Skill Inferring

1 The photo below shows smoke particles as observed under a microscope.

smoke particle
6.2
6.3-6.4
6.5

a Describe how the smoke particles move. (1 mark)

The picture below is a model to explain the movement of smoke particles.

6.6

particle A
Unit exercise

particle B

b Name the particles shown in the picture above. (2 marks)

Particle A: Particle B:

c Explain the movement of a smoke particle using the model. (2 marks)

The smoke particle is
This causes the smoke particle to move first in one way then another, resulting in
a .

78
 Matter as particles 6

Skill Conducting practicals

2 The photo shows a kinetic theory model. It is simulating a

6.1
state of matter.

a What do the beads represent? (1 mark)

6.2
piston
b Which state of matter is the model simulating? Put a
bead
‘✓’ in the correct box below. (1 mark)
Solid Liquid Gas vibrator

6.3-6.4
c Describe the arrangement of the particles in this state.
(2 marks)

6.5
d Describe the movement of the particles in this state. (1 mark)

e How would you set the vibrator to simulate the liquid state? (1 mark)

6.6
Unit exercise
Skill Constructing explanations

3 A drop of blue ink is carefully added to the bottom of a boiling tube

filled with water.

After 30 minutes, the liquid in the boiling tube turns blue.

a Is this dissolving? Explain briefly. (2 marks) water

blue ink

b Explain the change in the boiling tube using the particle theory of matter. (2 marks)
The ink particles and the water particles are

79
 6 Matter as particles

Daily application

4 Jason is pumping air into a football.

6.1

a Does the air pressure inside the football increase or

decrease? Put a ‘✓’ in the correct box below. (1 mark)

Increases Decreases
6.2

b Complete the paragraph to explain your answer in a.

(4 marks)
6.3-6.4

When the football is pumped, more

goes into the football. The number of air particles inside the football
. More air particles the inner wall of
the football and the air pressure inside .

c In the spaces below, draw the arrangement of the air particles inside the football
6.5

before and after pumping. (3 marks)

6.6
Unit exercise

Before After

d The football is put under strong sunlight and becomes hot.

i What happens to the air pressure inside the football? (1 mark)

ii By considering the air particles, explain your answer in d i. (2 marks)

As the temperature of air inside the football increases,

80
 Matter as particles 6

Skill Constructing explanations

5 A fresh egg sinks in water. When salt is gradually added to dissolve in the water, the

6.1
egg finally floats in the solution.

salt

6.2
water

salt

6.3-6.4
egg solution

a Fill in the blanks below. (2 marks)

i When salt gradually dissolves in water, the density of the salt solution
gradually .

6.5
ii When the density of the salt solution becomes than that
of the egg, the egg floats in the solution.

b Based on a, write a short paragraph to explain why the egg floats as salt is added
to the water. (2 marks)

6.6
When salt gradually dissolves in water,

Unit exercise
Reading

E 6 Read the article below and answer the questions.

Vacuum glass lifters

Large glass windows can be lifted using vacuum glass lifters.

To lift a sheet of glass using a vacuum glass lifter, the suckers

on the lifter are placed on the smooth glass surface. The
vacuum pump is then switched on to remove air between sucker

the suckers and the glass. The glass is tightly attached to

the lifter and can be lifted. To release the glass, the vacuum
pump is switched off.

81
 6 Matter as particles

a Why does the glass attach to the suckers when the vacuum pump is on? (2 marks)

Air pressure between the suckers and the glass is than the
6.1

atmospheric pressure. So

b Can the lifter be used to lift objects with rough surfaces? Explain briefly. (2 marks)
6.2
6.3-6.4

Skill Predicting results

7 You are given three liquids: water, petrol ( 汽油 ) and mercury ( 水銀 ). Their densities
are shown in the table below.
6.5

Liquid Density (g/cm3)

Water 1.0

Petrol 0.7

Mercury 13.6
6.6

a The three liquids are poured into a beaker. Label the liquids in the diagram
below. (3 marks)
Unit exercise

ii

iii

b If an iron nail (density = 7.8 g/cm3) is put into the beaker, draw in the above
diagram to show where it will stay. (1 mark)

82
 Matter as particles 6

STEM
8 A student designs a machine for lifting heavy objects. By pumping air into the plastic

6.1
E

bag, the student can lift a heavy weight!

6.2
6.3-6.4
1 Seal a large plastic bag, leaving a hole 2 Insert a rubber tube into the hole and
at a corner. then seal the hole.

6.5
weight

6.6
3 Put a weight on the bag. Start to pump 4 The weight is lifted slowly!

Unit exercise
air into the bag.

a As air is pumped into the plastic bag, what happens to the number of air particles
and the air pressure inside the bag? (2 marks)

b When the weight is being lifted, how is the air pressure inside the bag compared
to the pressure outside the bag? (1 mark)

c The machine would not work if the bag is not airtight. Suggest ONE way to find
out the position of the bag which is not airtight (if any). (2 marks)

83
 6 Matter as particles

Skill Choosing apparatus, evaluating data

9 Ricky observes that a can of regular coke sinks in water but a can of diet coke floats.
6.1

He proposes a hypothesis.

The overall density of a can

of regular coke is higher than
6.2

that of water, while the overall

density of a can of diet coke is
lower than that of water.
6.3-6.4

Ricky decides to find out the densities of the two cans of coke.

a Suggest suitable apparatus to measure the mass and volume of the coke. (2 marks)
6.5

Mass:

Volume:
The table below shows the results of measurement.
6.6

Mass (g) Volume (cm3) Density (g/cm3)

Regular coke 393 357

Unit exercise

Diet coke 323 357

b Complete the above table. (2 marks)

c Does the result support Ricky’s hypothesis? Why? (2 marks)

3
(Hint: density of water = 1 g/cm )

d Suggest ONE reason why the overall density of regular coke is different from that
of diet coke. (1 mark)

Marks: /71

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