HOLIDAY HOMEWORK 2025-26

CLASS: X
SUBJECT: SCIENCE

Biology
Ch-6 Life Processes

1. Which of the following statement about autotrophs is incorrect?

(i) They synthesise carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and
chlorophyll.
(ii) They store carbohydrates in the form of starch.
(iii) They convert carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates in the absence of sunlight.
(iv) They constitute the first trophic level in the food chains.

2. In which of the following groups of organisms’ food material is broken down outside the
body and absorbed?
(i) Mushrooms, green plants, Amoeba
(ii) Yeast, mushroom, bread mould
(iii) Paramecium, Amoeba, Cuscuta
(iv) Cuscuta, lice, tapeworm

3. Select the correct statement.

(i) Heterotrophs do not synthesise their own food.
(ii) Heterotrophs utilise solar energy for photosynthesis.
(iii) Heterotrophs can convert carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates.
(iv) Heterotrophs synthesise their own food.

4. Which part of the human elementary canal receives bile from the liver?
(i) Stomach (ii) Small intestine (iii) Large intestine (iv)Spleen

5. A few drops of iodine solution were added to rise water the solution turned blue black in
colour this indicates that rice water contains_______.
(i) Starch (ii) Complex sugar (iii) Proteins (iv)Fats
6.
8.

9. Which feature is not shown by the human respiratory system?

(i) A residual volume is left after every expiration.
(ii)Rings of cartilage are present in trachea to prevent its collapse.
(iii)Carbon dioxide dissolves more in plasma of blood and is transported.
(iv)Diaphragm is absent and the space created allows full expansion of lungs during inspiration.
10. Which of the following is usually not a waste that kidneys excrete, in a healthy person?
(i) Urea (ii) Creatinine (iii) water (iv) Glucose.
 CHEMISTRY WORKSHEET
Chapter 1 and 2

Q1.What type of chemical reaction is represented by the following equations:-

a) 2H2O ----------------- 2H2 + O2
b) FeCl3 + 3NaOH ---------------- Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl
c) 2CO + O2 ----------------- 2CO2
d) Zn + 2AgNO3 ---------------- Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag
e) Ca + 2H2O -------------- Ca(OH)2 + H2
f) Pb(NO3)2 + K2CrO4 --------------- 2KNO3 + PbCrO4
g) CS2 + 3O2 --------------- CO2 + 2SO2
h) AgNO3 + NaCl --------------- AgCl + NaNO3

Q2. Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions:-
a) Calcium hydroxide + Carbon-di-oxide ----------- Calcium carbonate + water
b) Aluminium + Copper chloride ----------- Aluminium chloride + copper
c) Potassium bromide + Barium iodide ---------- Potassium iodide + Barium bromide
d) Ca(OH)2 + HNO3 -------- Ca(NO3)2 + 2H2O
e) Mg + Cl2 ---------- MgCl2
f) Hydrogen gas combines with nitrogen to form ammonia.
g) Lead Nitrate + Potassium Iodide----- Lead Iodide + Potassium Nitrate

Q3. Consider the following reactions:-

a) Fe2O3 + 3CO -----2Fe + 3CO2
b) H2S + Cl2 ----------------- 2HCl + S
c) Zn + 2HCl ----------------- ZnCl2 + H2
d) SO2 + 2H2S ---------------- 2H2O + S
Identify:-
i) The substance oxidised ii) The substance reduced
Iii) The oxidizing agents iv) The reducing agents

Q4.How is decomposition reaction opposite to combination reaction? Explain with equation.

Q5. When 2 ml of sodium hydroxide solution is added to few pieces of granulated zinc in a
test tube and then warmed ,the reaction that occurs can be written in the form of
balanced chemical equation as:-
a) NaOH +Zn ----- NaZnO2 + H2O b) 2NaOH +Zn ------Na2ZnO2 + H2
c) 2NaOH + Zn---NaZnO2 + H2 d) 2NaOH + Zn----Na2ZnO2 + H20

Q6. Name the type of chemical reaction in which calcium oxide reacts with water. Justify
your answer by giving balanced chemical equation for the reaction.
Q7. For dilution of acid, acid should be added to water not water to acid. Explain.

Q8. Differentiate between strong acid and weak base in terms of ion-formation in aqueous
solutions?

Q9. Write one chemical reaction each for the reaction in which the following have taken place:-
i) Change in colour ii) Change in temperature iii) Formation of precipitate
Mention colour change/temperature change (rise/fall)/compound precipitated along with
equation.

Q10. Give reasons for the following:

a) Silver Chloride is exposed to sunlight
b) Curd and Sour substances should not be kept in brass and copper vessels.
c) Dry HCl gas does not change the colour of dry litmus.
d) An aqueous solution of an acid conducts electricity.
e) A piece of zinc is dropped in copper Sulphate solution
f) Acid should be added to water on dilution.

Q11. Copper powder was heated in a China dish. Answer the following:
i) State the colour of the reactant and the product of the chemical reaction.
ii) Write the chemical equation of the process.

Q12.Compound ‘X’ decomposes to form compound ‘Y’ and CO2gas.Compond ‘Y’ is used in
manufacturing of cement.
a) Name the compound ‘X’ and ‘Y’.
b) Write the chemical equation for the reaction.

Q13. Directions:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the assertion.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

1. Assertion (A): Rusting of iron is endothermic in nature.

Reason (R): As the reaction is slow, the release of heat is barely evident.

2. Assertion (A): Reaction of quicklime with water is an exothermic reaction.

Reason (R): Quicklime reacts vigorously with water releasing a large amount of heat.

3. Assertion (A): Silver bromide decomposition is used in black and white photography.
Reason (R): Light provides energy for this exothermic reaction.
 4. Assertion (A) : The acid must always be added to water with constant stirring.
Reason (R) : Mixing of an acid with water decreases the concentration of H+ ions per unit
volume.

5. Assertion (A) : The aqueous solutions of glucose and alcohol do not show acidic character.
Reason (R) : Aqueous solutions of glucose and alcohol do not give H+ ions.

6. Assertion (A) : HCl gas does not change the colour of dry blue litmus paper.
Reason (R) : HCl gas dissolves in the water present in wet litmus paper to form H+ ions.

Q14. Chemical reaction is a process in which one or more substances, the reactants, are converted to one
or more different substances, the products. Substances are either chemical elements or compounds. A
chemical reaction rearranges the constituent atoms of the reactants to create different substances as
products. Study this table related to the different types of reactions/processes.

(i) The reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a single substance under suitable
conditions is:
(a) combination reaction (b) combustion (c) decomposition reaction (d) photosynthesis

(ii) Which of the following is essential for photosynthesis?

(a) Sunlight (b) Chlorophyll (c) Glucose (d) Both 'a' and 'b’

(iii) When a chemical compound decomposes on absorbing light and energy, then the reaction which
takes place is known as:
(a) photosynthesis (b) photodecomposition (c) combination (d) thermal decomposition

(iv) Which of the following reactions is an example of combustion reaction?

(a) C(s) + O2(g) ⟶ CO2(g) (b) Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq) ⟶ ZnSO4 + H2(g)
(c) Zn(s) +2HCl(aq) ⟶ ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g) (d) 3Mg(s) + N2(g) ⟶ Mg3N2(s)
(v) Which of the following is an example of combination reaction?
(a) H2 + Cl2⟶ 2HCl (b) Fe + S ⟶ FeS (c) 2H2 + O2 ⟶ 2H2O (d) All of them

Q15. A student prepared solutions of (i) an acid and (ii) a base in two separate beakers. She forgot to
label the solutions, and litmus paper was not available in the laboratory. Since both the solutions are
colourless, how will she distinguish between the two?

PHYSICS

Q1. A 5 cm tall object is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a convex lens of focal- length 20
cm. The distance of the object from the lens is 30 cm. Find the:
(i) position
(ii) nature
(iii) size of the image formed.
Q2. 4.5 cm needle is placed 12 cm away from a convex mirror of focal length 15 cm. Give the location
of image and magnification. Describe what happens to the image as the needle is moved farther from the
mirror.

Q3. (a) State Snell’s law of refraction.

(b) When a ray of light travelling in air enters obliquely into a glass slab, it is observed that the light ray
emerges parallel to the incident ray but it is shifted sideways slightly. Draw a ray diagram to illustrate it.
Q5. A 5cm tall object is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a convex lens of focal length 10
cm. The distance of the object from the lens is 15 cm. Find the nature, position, and size of the image.
Also find its magnification.

Q6. One half of a convex lens is covered with a black paper.

(a)Show the formation of image of an object placed at 2F1, of such covered lens with the help of ray
diagram. Mention the position and nature of image. (b)Draw the ray diagram for same object at same
position in front of the same lens, but now uncovered. Will there be any difference in the image obtained
in the two cases? Give reason for your answer
Q7. (a) The refractive index of Ruby is 1.71. What is meant by this statement? (b) The refractive index
of some medium are given below:
Crown glass- 1.52
Water- 1.33
Sapphire- 1.77
In which of the medium is the speed of light
(i)maximum
(ii)minimum
(iii) Calculate speed of light in sapphire.

Q8. A 10 cm tall object is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a convex lens of focal length 30
cm. The distance of the object from the lens is 20 cm. Find the:
(a)Position
(b)Nature
(c)Size of the image formed.

PHYSICS ASSIGNMENT- Light

TOPIC- REFLECTION
Q1. A 5 cm tall object is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a convex lens of focal- length
20 cm. The distance of the object from the lens is 30 cm. Find the:
(i) position
(ii) nature
(iii) size of the image formed.

Q2. 4.5 cm needle is placed 12 cm away from a convex mirror of focal length 15 cm. Give the
location of image and magnification. Describe what happens to the image as the needle is moved
farther from the mirror.

Q3. Rohit placed a pencil perpendicular to principal axis in front of a converging mirror of focal
length 30 cm. The image formed is twice the size of the pencil.
Calculate the distance of the object from the mirror.
Q4. Give one similarity and one difference between image formed by plane mirror and convex
mirror.
Q5. A converging mirror forms a real image of height 4 cm, of an object of height 1 cm placed 20
cm away from the mirror. Calculate the image distance. What is the focal length of the mirror?

Q6. An arrow 2.5 cm high is placed at a distance of 25 cm from a diverging mirror of focal length 20
cm. Find the nature, position and size of the image formed.

Q7. An erect image 3 times the size of the object is obtained with a concave mirror of radius of
curvature 36cm. What is the position of the object?

Q8. Find the size, nature and position of image formed by a concave mirror, when an object of size
1cm is placed at 15cm from the mirror. Given focal length of mirror is 10cm.
Q9. Draw any three ray diagrams to show how the size and nature of image of an object change when it
moves from center of curvature of concave mirror towards the pole of the mirror.

Q10. Find the focal length of a concave mirror that produces four times larger real image of an object held
at 5cm from the mirror.

Q11.No matter how far you stand from a spherical mirror, your image always appears erect. What is the
kind of spherical mirror?

Q12. A spherical mirror has focal length of – 40 cm. What is the kind of mirror? Q13. What is the focal
length of a plane mirror?

Q14. What is the minimum distance between an object and its real image in case of a concave mirror?
Q9. Draw a ray diagram to show refraction of light through a glass slab and
label on it the following:
( i)Incident ray
( ii)Refracted ray
( iii)Emergent ray
( iv)Lateral shift (displacement )

Q10. If the image formed by mirror for all positions of the object placed in front
of it is always virtual and diminished, state the type of the mirror. Draw a ray
diagram in support of your answer. Where are such mirrors commonly used
and why?