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DC Motor Part 5 Note

The document outlines the characteristics and applications of DC motors, focusing on shunt and compound motors. It explains the relationships between torque, speed, and armature current, highlighting that shunt motors maintain approximately constant speed while compound motors exhibit variable speed depending on the type. Applications for these motors include machine tools, centrifugal pumps, and various industrial machinery.

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6 views11 pages

DC Motor Part 5 Note

The document outlines the characteristics and applications of DC motors, focusing on shunt and compound motors. It explains the relationships between torque, speed, and armature current, highlighting that shunt motors maintain approximately constant speed while compound motors exhibit variable speed depending on the type. Applications for these motors include machine tools, centrifugal pumps, and various industrial machinery.

Uploaded by

sureshpv36
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DC MOTOR

Characteristics & Application

Part 5
Characteristics of dc Shunt motor
● Torque vs Armature Current (T vs Ia)
(Electrical Characteristics)

● Ta ∝ ΦIa

● Φ = constant ,(If= , V and Rsh


Rsh
are constant)
● Ta Ia
Characteristics of dc Shunt motor
Speed vs Armature Current (N vs Ia)

Eb
● N
Φ
● Φ = constant ,(If= , V and Rsh
Rsh
are constant)
● Eb =V- IaRa
● If Ia increases , Eb will decrease
● N V- IaRa
● So when armature current
increases(Ia) , speed(N) will
decrease small amount
Characteristics of dc Shunt motor
Speed vs Torque (N vs T )
(Mechanical Characteristics)
Eb
● N
Φ
● Φ = constant ,(If= , V and
Rsh
Rsh are constant)
● Eb =V- IaRa
● Ta Ia
● If Ia increases , Eb will decrease
● N V- IaRa
● So when Torque increases,
speed(N) will decrease small
amount
Conclusion
● When the load of DC SHUNT motor is increases , the speed will decrease to
small amount , So it is commonly known as CONSTANT SPEED Motor
● Generally, the speed decreases only by 5 to 15% of full load speed.
● DC Motor can start with or without load

Application
Machine Tools
Lathes
wood working machine
Centrifugal pump
Characteristics of dc Compound motor
• As this motor has both shunt and series fields, it has the combined behavior of
the shunt and series motor,
• Depending on the magnitude of the fluxes due to these two fields. If the series
ampere-turns are more predominant than the shunt ampere-turns at full load,
then it has a higher starting torque than the shunt motor, and its speed falls
more than that of the shunt motor.
• If the shunt ampere-turns are more predominant than the series ampere-turns
at full load, the motor acts almost like a shunt motor but its speed drops a little
more than that of a shunt motor.
Characteristics of dc compound motor

● Cumulative → Φsh Φse →Total flux = Sum of shunt and series flux
● Differential → Φsh Φse → Total flux = Difference of shunt and series flux
Differential and Cumulative Compound Motor
● Torque vs Armature Current (T vs Ia)
(Electrical Characteristics)

● Φsh Φse
● No load → Φse = 0 ,Φsh ≠ 0 → Shunt motor
characteristics
● No load → Φse ≠ 0 ,Φsh ≠ 0 → Characteristics of both
Shunt and compound motor
● In differential compound → Φsh Φse
When load increase , current through the series field
winding will increase , flux will increase , so total flex will
decrease , torque will decrease (Ta ΦIa)
Differential and Cumulative Compound Motor
Speed vs Armature Current (N vs Ia)

Eb
● N
Φ
● Cumulative Compound Motor →Φ = Φsh Φse , When
load increase , current through the series field
winding will increase , flux will increase , so total flex
Eb
will increase , speed will decrease (N )
Φ
● Differential Compound Motor → Φ = Φsh Φse , When
load increase , current through the series field
winding will increase , flux will increase , so total flex
Eb
will decrease , speed will increase (N )
Φ
Differential and Cumulative Compound Motor
Speed vs Torque (N vs T )
(Mechanical Characteristics)

E
● N ∝ Φb
● Eb =V- IaRa
V− I R
● N ∝ Φa a
● Ta ∝ Ia
● If Ia increases → Eb will decrease , Total flux will increase
in cumulative and decrease in case of differential motor.
V− IaRa
● N∝
Φ
, So when Torque increases, Ia will increase ,
speed will increase in case of differential compound motor,
speed will decrease in case of cumulative compound (Eb
change is negligible)
Conclusion
TYPES CHARACTERISTICS APPLICATION

SHUNT MOTOR APPROXIMATELY LATHES , CENTRIFUGAL


CONSTANT SPEED PUMP, MACHINE TOOLS,
BLOWERS,FANS ,
RECIPROCATING PUMP

SERIES MOTOR VARIABLE SPEED , HIGH TRACTION,


STARTING TORQUE TROLLEYS,CRANES ,
HOISTS , CONVEYORS

CUMULATIVE COMPOUND VARIABLE SPEED , HIGH INTERMITTEND HIGH


STARTING TORQUE TORQUE LOAD , SHEARS ,
PUNCHES , PRINTING
PRESS , AIR
COMPRESSORS

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