SERGIO OSMEÑA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

TVL – 2D ANIMATION NC III

Name: _____________________________________________________________________________ Date: ______________________________________
Grade & Section: ___________________________________________________________________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

LESSON 1 – INTRODUCTION TO ANIMATION

Learning Competency
▪ Identify animation requirements
▪ Recognize PECs needed in Animation [TLE_PECS9-12- Ia-1]

LESSON INFORMATION

Entering the Realm of Animation Animation Tools

▪ Don’t you spend weekend mornings in front of the TV Animation tools are still being used to illustrate
watching cartoons from The Cartoon Network or some early concepts of animation, but they were once toys for
animated classic? children’s entertainment and amusement.
▪ Amidst all the action flashing before your eyes, did it
ever cross your mind how these pictures move? ▪ Zoetrope was said to be invented in
▪ You know that there are no Powerpuff Girls and Johnny China 180 AD by Ting Huan, which
Bravo in real life because of their exaggerated features was made from translucent paper panel
and extraordinary powers. Yet they seem to move and painted with sequences of action which
speak in believable ways. Well, in truth they are merely when turned, a right speed would
images; movement and speech are possible because of appear to move. The modern version of
a process called animation. Zoetrope was produced by William George Horner,
which was of cylindrical shape with slits along the sides
What is Animation? and inside are pictures of progressive photographs,
which when spun and viewed from its slit, an illusion of
▪ Animation is the movement is seen.
process of stringing
together a sequence ▪ Thaumatrope was a toy of the
of images to create an Victorian era which was a
illusion of movement. circular disk with two images
▪ From Dictionary.com: Animation is “a motion picture on each side and its center is
made by photographing successive positions of tied to a string so that when it
inanimate objects, same as puppets or mechanical parts.” is turned quickly, images would seem to appear to be
▪ From Meriam Webster Online: “Animation is animated combined into one image.
cartoon, a motion picture made from a series drawings
simulating motion by means of slight progressive ▪ Phenakistoscope was invented in
changes.” 1831 simultaneously by Austrian
▪ A more technical and broader definition from Simon von Stampfer and Belgian
Wikipedia states that: “It is the rapid display of a Joseph Plateau. It was a technique
sequence of images of 2-D or 3-D artwork or model created before the creation of the
positions to create an illusion of movement. It is an cartoon-based pictures.
optical illusion of motion due to the phenomenon of Phenakistoscope included simple
persistence of vision and can be created and drawings moving simultaneously giving the effect of
demonstrated in a number of ways.” animation. With this method, a person could create a
variety of animated characters.
▪ You can digest from the above definitions that
animation is widely applied to motion pictures or ▪ Flip book was patented in
movies. 1868 by John Linnet. A flip
- First, it is a successive, series, sequence, and book is essentially a series of
progressive display of drawings, photographs, sequential pictures which
images, and inanimate objects in 2D or 3D when flipped at high speed
work. creates an illusion of
- Second, animation is used to create the illusion motion.
of movement due to the phenomenon called
persistence of vision. ▪ Praxinoscope is more
- Third, animation has been created throughout complicated version of
its history in several ways. Zoetrope, invented by
Charles-Emile Reynaud,
▪ Persistence of vision is the phenomenon by which the which included steady
eye retains a vision for about one-twenty fifth (1/25) of mirrors inside a cylinder to
a second, thereby creating the illusion of motion for improve the quality of image for a clearer
related images shown to it. For example, when you see animation. Charles eventually created the first
a rotating electric fan, you would not be able to see the animated film in Paris, France in 1892.
blades individually, but a circular blur of the blades of
the rotating fan blades. ▪ Magic Lantern is considered as
the classic projector which used
▪ Animation, therefore on most situations, uses 24 a simple lamp and translucent
frames per second as the frame rate is effectively oil painting which projects
create the illusion of motion. larger image on a flat surface.

1|P a g e
 SERGIO OSMEÑA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
TVL – 2D ANIMATION NC III
However, these animation tools disappeared after the - This original cel animation technique however is
end of the twenty-first century. New methods were now obsolete and replaced by modern methods,
introduced which resulted in the advancement of cartoon- either by scanning or drawn directly into the
based pictures. Gradually, animation advanced to greater computer system.
heights and now, several professional fields use the above - The animation work, however, has remained the
tools and techniques to impart knowledge or express ideas. same but has shifted most of the work using
computer technology.
From Small Beginnings to Big Outcomes
Animation, in its broadest sense, has already • Traditional animation has paved the way for the
existed for a very long time. Archeological findings reveal following kinds of animation:
that paintings on cave walls are attempts to capture the ▪ Full animation movies created using
movements of people and animals. traditional animation are the movies Beauty
and the Beast, Iron Giant, Aladdin, and The
▪ The first animated on standard picture film was made Lion King.
by Emile Cohl (born Emile Courtet) called ▪ Limited animation is a technique that uses
Fantasmagorie. In this effort, he is dubbed as the less sophisticated and detailed drawings for
“Father of Animated Cartoon”. animation the most popular example is
SpongeBob SquarePants.
▪ Live-action and animation is a technique
used in the movies Space Jam and Who Framed
Roger Rabbit.

B. Stop Motion
- It is an animation technique wherein objects are
photographed one frame at a time by changing its
location or action close to the previous one or small
increments and then played sequentially to create
Emile Cohl / Fantasmagorie (1908) the illusion of motion.
- Stop motion, popularly used a clay as a medium
▪ As technology because of ease in creating small increments of
developed, so did action and motion and as such is now known as
animation – from clay animation. Stop motion also uses LEGO toys
silent features like as medium of animation.
Walt Disney’s - Other popular stop motion animation uses puppet
Mickey Mouse to and cut-out paper or cloth.
full-length movies - Many animated children animation using stop
like Walt Disney’s motion method are still in use today because you
Snow White and the Seven Dwarves (1937), to long- can create movies with this technique for a menial
running shows like Looney Tunes from Warner Bros. cost.
Public exposure was made through animated cartoon
TV series like the ones developed by Hanna-Barbera C. Computer Animation or Computer-Generated
Productions (Scooby Doo, Tom and Jerry) whose Imagery (CGI)
popularity lasted for decades. • Animation is the technique of creating animation or
moving images with the use of computers.
▪ Animation has also grown geographically with different Computer animation has wide variety of
countries coming up with diverse styles. Japanese techniques to which animation is accomplished.
animation or anime has now gained worldwide Today, we categorize computer animations as 2D
popularity that even Hollywood became interested in and 3D animation.
adapting their styles. This is seen in Walt Disney’s • 2D animations are usually utilized for image
acquisition of the cult-classic Princess Mononoke and manipulation to create motions whereas 3D is
in the release of The Animatrix, the anime-styled short usually applied to virtual world such as those
film series based on the blockbuster movie The Matrix. created in the movies Avatar and Beowulf. 3D
Animation involves the desire to create places,
animals, and people as close to real life as possible.
• The following terms would be encountered when
one is involved in 3D animation:
▪ Motion Capture is used to generate computer
generated characters by recording live action
artists wearing suits that allow computer
image manipulation to create another
character such as the case in Avatar movie.
▪ Photo Realistic Animation is a term used for
Princess Mononoke (1997) computer animation that tries to resemble life
skin, plants, animals, sceneries, and others
Today’s Animation such as those used in the movies Kung Fu
Panda and Ice Age.
A. Traditional Animation ▪ Cel-shaded Animation is used to emulate the
- It was accomplished using hand-drawn sequence classic cel technique using computers for 3D
of images which were slightly different from one environment and action for characters. The
another then photocopies onto acetate sheets method was used to create the movies like The
called cels. Legend of Zelda: Wind Waker.
- The drawings are colored and photographed one
by one and then placed onto a motion picture film.

2|P a g e
 SERGIO OSMEÑA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
TVL – 2D ANIMATION NC III
D. Flash Animation
- It is created using Adobe Flash or other similar Computer Animation
programs to create images in .swf format.
- Flash usually uses vector graphics and drawings to ▪ 2-D Computer Animation
create animation resulting in a clearer animation. - It practically employs the same principles of
Flash is utilized mostly for animation distribution traditional animation. However, instead of using
on the World Wide Web. countless numbers of cels and manually inking and
painting to produce composite images, computers
Animation Techniques are used to produce them digitally.
Animation techniques are methods and practices - There are many 2-D animation programs available
that are used in the animation phase of a project. in the market for both production- and consumer-
level users.
Traditional Animation - Day-to-day computing also features 2-D animation
Traditional Animation involves the in the form of animated graphic interchange files
use of ink and paint on cels which are shot (GIFs).
using a rostrum camera. - You will be learning more about one of the Web’s
most popular formats, the Shockwave Flash
Format (.swf).
• Here are some techniques that were used to create - Adobe Flash (formerly Macromedia Flash) enables
animation: users to create vector-based animation and
carefully sequence them, with options like adding
▪ Cel Animation – This sound and interactivity.
involves manually inking - Due to commercially available software like Flash,
and painting each frame many budding animators can publish their works
of movement. Early online.
animations used
minimal movement. For ▪ 3-D Computer Animation
example, a scene involving a talking character - It creates outputs with depth as opposed to flat
would have a static body and face for the character. outputs in 2-D. Computer software like Autodesk
Only the mouth would be animated and then 3ds Max and Autodesk Maya are commercially
imposed over the cel containing the rest of the available.
character’s parts. Due to the fixed scope of - These programs involve the creation of 3-D models
animation, it is also referred as limited animation. and environments; most involve physics to
produce effects.
▪ Loops – In efforts to economize the process even - Some production companies even created their
more, sequences that repeat over and over are used own 3-D rendering engines to produce their
in some stretches of scenes. These are called desired results.
“loops”. For example, to depict a man walking, - For example, Weta Digital created its own
frames are looped over a moving background to program, Massive (Multiple Agent Simulation
create the illusion of movement. These are System in Virtual Environment), to create en
noticeable in old cartoons where the backgrounds masse sequences in 3-D like those found in the
obviously repeat, and the major character executed battle scenes of The Lord of the Rings.
an even and repetitive stride.

▪ Transferring to Cels – It had become an issue on

how to easily transfer artists’ works from paper to ACTIVITY
cels. Hand inking or manually doing this took a lot
of time. Two groundbreaking techniques were
Directions: On a one whole sheet of paper, answer the
developed in answer to this. The first is
xerography, which uses photocopying technology
following the questions:
to do the transfer of inks. This allowed for more
control on the sizes of the characters to be I. Essay
transferred. A more refined method of this was
APT, or Animated Photo Transfer, which gave more 1. Write a short essay of your favorite animation
control and definition in the transfer of lines. Walt series or movie? Explain why you like it so much.
Disney animation studio helped much in
developing these techniques. II. Traditional or Computer Animation
Identify the following animation shows whether it is a
▪ Rotoscoping – This technique that requires live
traditional animation or a computer animation.
action footage to be traced over to produce a very
realistic basis for the animation. Rotoscopic
animations are known to have very fluid and 1. Tom and Jerry (1940)
lifelike movement. 2. Looney Tunes (1930)
3. Frozen (2013)
▪ Live Action – This combines live footage and 4. Naruto (2002)
animation. The animation is integrated with a live 5. My Neighbor Totoro (1988)
action clip. Its effect is that animated objects or
characters appear to exist in real life. A very
successful feature that employs this technique is
Walt Disney’s Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988).

3|P a g e
 SERGIO OSMEÑA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
TVL – 2D ANIMATION NC III
ASSESSMENT

A. Identify the following. Write your answer on the blank provided.

______________________________________1. The process of stringing together a sequence of images to create the illusion of
movement.
______________________________________2. A toy of the Victorian era which was a circular disk with two images on each side
and its center is tied to a string so that when it is turned quickly, images would
seem to appear to be combined into one image.
______________________________________3. Dubbed as the “Father of Animated Cartoon.”
______________________________________4. It was patented in 1868 by John Linnet.
______________________________________5. The full name of .swf.
______________________________________6. Also known as Clay Animation.
______________________________________7. It was accomplised using hand-drawn sequence of images.
______________________________________8. It is considered as the classic projector which used a simple lamp and translucent
oil painting which projects larger image on a flat surface.
______________________________________9. The number of frames per second in animation that creates the illusion of motion.
______________________________________10. A traditional animation technique that uses less sophisticated and detailed
drawings.

B. Write TRUE if the statement is correct, write FALSE if not.

___________________1. The process of stringing together a sequence of images to create the illusion of movement.
___________________2. 3-D Computer Animation uses computer software like Autodesk Maya.
___________________3. Loop is a technique that requires live action footage to be traced over to produce a very realistic
basis for the animation
___________________4. Japanese animation is also known as cartoons.
___________________5. Praxinoscope was invented by Charles-Emile Raynaud.
___________________6. Snow White and the Seven Dwarves was released on the year 1930.
___________________7. Photo Realistic Animation is used for computer animation that tries to resemble life skin, plants,
animals, sceneries, and others.
___________________8. Massive stands for Multiple Agencies Simulation System in Virtual Environment.
___________________9. Cel Animation involves manually inking and painting each frame of movement.
___________________10. Zoetrope was invented by Charles-Emile Reynaud.

C. Enumerate the following. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1 - 3) Give the three (3) kinds of traditional animation.

1. _____________________________________ 2. _____________________________________ 3. _____________________________________

4 - 8) Give the five (5) techniques that were used to create traditional animation.

1. _____________________________________ 2. _____________________________________ 3. _____________________________________

4. _____________________________________ 5. _____________________________________

9 – 10) The two common types of Computer Animation

1. _____________________________________ 2. _____________________________________

4|P a g e