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All of a Level Maths Notes

The document outlines various methods for solving equations and inequalities involving modulus, including squaring both sides and using graphical approaches. It also discusses integration techniques, including the use of operators and the product rule, emphasizing the importance of specific conditions for integration. Additionally, it provides rules for handling even and odd powers of trigonometric functions in integration.

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amami navodya
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
4 views149 pages

All of a Level Maths Notes

The document outlines various methods for solving equations and inequalities involving modulus, including squaring both sides and using graphical approaches. It also discusses integration techniques, including the use of operators and the product rule, emphasizing the importance of specific conditions for integration. Additionally, it provides rules for handling even and odd powers of trigonometric functions in integration.

Uploaded by

amami navodya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TYPE1 MODULUS FUNCTION WITH EQUATION

Method Square both sides and modulus sign diappears


Take Square and solve quadratic ABSOLUTE VALUE modulus
This work whether modulussymbol is on one sideor 13 3 3 3
both sides of equation

x2
IEEE
3VE ex
six
o

I
x 2
tx
4 4
I
x
s

922 36 36 x2 vertex 3,1

is
37 3,6
4 421 31 1
222 92 9 0

222 62 32 9 0

2K N 3 3 2 3 0

2K 3 2 3 0

2K 3 0 or K 3 0
K
3 2 3
TYPE2 INEQUALITY WITH MODULUS ON BOTHSIDES
SQUARE BOTH SIDES AND MODULUS DISAPPEARS
NOW SOLVE QUADRATIC INEQUALITY from Pl

12 21 3122 11
N 2 279 122 1
x 471 4791422 42 1
I 42 473622 3621 9
0 3522 402 5

35g't4g g
n't sat so

722 72 2 1 CO Ifaggigitnequatt
2 Sketch
72 2 1 ti Nti O
3 Colour
72 1 KH LO 4 Ineq

hawt
I x
t
2 R 315 3 1
f
4 x 372 7 32 1
4 N 6 9 975 6 1
475 242 36 791 6 1
0 7 522 302 35
5 I 5 5
07 I 6 7
75 6 7 0

x
Isis's
KH 1 Xt 7 L O
Quadratic
INEQUALITY

from P1
tmw
Y L K I
TYPE 3 INEQUALITY WITH MODULUS ON ONE SIDE
USE GRAPHICAL APPROACH

Ten Ted

Y lx 21 y 2K 3
to

1 shape X straight line


2 Vertex 512 4 0 210

I É
4 1 21 POINT OF INTERSECTION
4 6 2
y x 2
yen 4 22 3 y N 21
2
22 3 121 21
I 2
2N 3 2

1 4 2n 21 3 2
I
green red 3K 5
2
n
300
x
G I
Rented

Y N 3 to
4 32 4
4 310 4 4
shape III
Vertex 3101
451
y int 10 31 1 31 3

23
4 1 31 4 2 3 POINT OF INTERSECTION
y 4
M 3n Y
4 3214 y 3 Y
4 37 32 4
n 3 32 4
1
7 4N
i I 3 4 5
K
I
red I
2 green
X
3 I
Go
013 3 111 12 51
321 17 22 5

91 6 1 42 202 25
574 2621 2420
574 30K 4N 24 0
571 x 6 41N 67 0
x 6 511 4 0

in
Cx 6
017 anti 1 31 21

Int IFL 9 2 272


YA that I 9 Ya 4 R
4N that I 922 362 36
0 5212 402 35
2
5 402 3570
F F F F
si 8h 7 70
X X 7 7 70
x n 1 76 1 O
R 1 R 7 O

i
919 2122 91 1 391

4 2n a s Nta

414N Yan ta s Nt ban that


161 16am thats of ban 9a
15712 22am 5 a'so
15712 25 ax 3 an 592 0
5 1371 5 a a 32 50 0

3 5a Sata so

But

x
5g
INTEGRATION P 3
20 Marks
OPERATORS

1 POWER Jn ga
Nt I

2
Exponential e e

3 TRIG sin cos


cos Sui
see tan

4 New operators dn hits


f
o
J
5 New operators da tan
l Da
RULES

1 you not allowed to integrate an


are
operator unless only differentiation of box I
is present outside the operator There
should be nothing else present outside
2 Once this condition is
fu ft s
three things disappear

doc
J D

and are
you
allowed to integrate operator

Q dn
J Rt 5 1 Youarenotallowed to integrate an
operatorunlessonlydifferentiation box D
of
is present outside the operatorThere
should be nothingelsepresentoutside
2 Once this condition is fulfilled
threethings disappear

jÉtÉdn op power
D Nts
J D doc
andyouare
allowed to integrate operator
Nt 5 D I
4

2 22 3 du
J
JMt3 Édn op power
IT
13
2Mt 3
2
22 3
I 6
221 336
12
2
secretion da
J
e
op

g TEEN D stann
1 2 Sec cx1
DE 2sec c
getann
3 suite cos 3ndn op power
f
JÉÉdn D
D
Body
sink x 3

cos 32 I 35m32
Y 3

cos 3243
9

HOW TO DECIDE THE OPERATOR

while
I p gof ff
outside operator you need to
introduce or remove a variable term
that operator is rejected

J EE En du

cos e
op op
D N D Sain
D 1 D COS N
we have to remove
esuin Accept
Reject

suis du
f
cosa

du
J
Sain
ED
cos power
op op
D N D Sink
D 1 D Cosh
we cannot remove suite Accept
g

tank seen da
f
Tada
f
tank

whenever tan and sect


ops see are
being multiplied
D a
power of tan
1 I is operator
we cannot remove tank

Reject

Frieda op
D
powerottan
tank
seen
D
tann
2

INTEGRATION
Lets use power we cannot
in numerator introduce cats

gotta
op power
D ants
D 2
22 3
I i

glantz

cant we use same strategy


why
for first question

da
I 26 3
op power

Ffsa 29 3
t DEZ
D 221 3

21
01 This is where we
use end
fÉdn
11 2275
I 22 du
3

D YU

4 thts
da

hi 22 5

V IMP
Stanzeda

MEA
I D cosa
DE Saiz

Ihr Cosa

cotadn
J
2

fdn D sain
1 Cosa

hilsuin
tania xD
NEW OPERATOR 2

tan
go Da
I
da

in
Trick Always bring the denominator
correct format first

Q
J I 422
da

D 2K
L J th
d
m
11 2

tan 2K
I
t
J doe
2
4 1622

I 4 I yay
da

du
t S fun
du 17 22
TEJ 17 2

tartan

J 173 du

I sad If
tan x

I 21322 d

I d
2
2 1 3
Er
E IS É an
FIE
Etan Ea
Stay very slow while doing this
operator

EVEN ODD POWERS


OF SIN COS TAN
SINGLE OPERATOR REJECT
EVEN ODD POWER OF SIN COS

Even Power ODD Power


Double angle identityof split the power
rest
cos 20 pl p
2050
cos20
IT said
I
1
cos20 on this part
said 1 cos20 use
2
said 050 1
cos'd It cos 20
2

EVEN ODD POWERS OF TAN

EVEN ODD

It tanto Seco steps splitpower y prest


2 I tan sefo
sin O do
I
Sino do oppower
g D
D since
cost
Reject
sin'D 1 cos 20
Z

1 cos20
do
J 2

1 cos 20 do
I f
TERM op cos
do
I ft D 20
D 2

O suis o
I t
Sin 20
y
Q tanto do
J
tan Seco I
tant
f tant
tant sect 1 do
f
taro sect tano do
f
tano sect do tant do
f f
FEET c
5580
tan 05 t tuco so
2
TAN AND SEE ARE COUSINS

1 I tanto seed Trig


2 tana SEED xD DIFF

3 SEED Land INTEG

4 When taut and sects are

being multiplied power of


tan is operator
5 EVEN ODD POWERS OF LONE TAN
TERMS
tanto seed

DEsui KI dn
f op
D
power
N
op sin
D N3
fingsingopdn
opponent
D n
sin
op
D N
1 1 171 22
D 322
Reject accept Reyettrejecty
Integration by Part
Product Rule
INTEGRATION BY PARTS PRODUCT RULE

PRODUCT RULE IN INTEGRATION IS


NOT A UNIVERSAL RULE
IT ONLY WORKS IF BOTH OPERATORS
ARE REJECTED

furdn ffdgxfudyd
ajuda
ulintegarl
flqittxf.to dn

Q du
J EEN
Diff of a integ of r

n I JSIDN cosa

de
ajuda fldaxfrdn
C
J Ix C
a cosa cosa
Jdx
Kiosk
I
Kiosk t Suir

Q du
fue
bitt of
u integ of r

n s fÉdI if
ufudx fffuxfudnf.dk
a
5 flax
iz f
du
ng
e

e
ng I
e
s
a
HOW TO DECIDE U and V

1 STRICTRULE ID is always u

2 PREFERABLE ED Sind co SD are


RULE as V
proffered
37 GENERAL If a teen reduces to
RULE zero upon repeated
differentiation it is
2 a ideal to be taken
I I as W
2N 1
I I
2 O
d
O
Q
ftp.Idr
DIFF OF U Integ of v

a a
t.ttII
e afudn
J duaxfudnJdn

flaxen
a da
e4
Wen da
If
re
y TT
Diff Ofa integ AV
a a
5EI e

ajuda JI xfudafdn

lax
d
I
da
9,1 I e

ICI
n
I

e
age neg 32

em
E g ta
e 8W 42 1
32

Sn anti
GI

SPECIAL CASE TO REMEMBER


Integration By Parts ProductRule

b du
flux
de
f op power
lure
ftp.hgdr
D
B
In
Diff of a Integ ofv
ha
style I f Idn no
ufrdn f fax Judy du

da
Inn f tax
n a

hun
n
f Idn

Klux K

5 marks
TYPE 1 La Differentiation Stationary point
b
Integration Area undergraph 5marks
volume ofrotation

is y EE
n EY f t É zn
dy
I
É
dyn Etan
o É
E tan

O
of 2N

2K
NI
W UN
N 4

fig
cis da
e
freetrdn
DIFF OF U INTEG OF V

f Édn
Let
K 2n

ufudn fffuxfrdnf.dk
28 set
flax c du
a

228 4 dn
fat
DIFF OF A integ of V

x I
get dn Let

ufudn ffdgxfrdnf.dk
a Get flaxtzetnydn
2 8 2 et dn

228 4 225 21 2 7
2WétI8nÉ beta

28 n'tarts

2É 12 411 8 2é 02 46 8

28 13 2218
16
It
16
3
a Partial fraction smarks
TYPE Z b 5 marks
Integration

It 3 2 3,2

lil
J I Et
d

ITIIdn ftp.dnt3
E.d FI2H poweroperator

lulants
3f
t
Ihfuti I D
d
24 3

ln ln
2nH
I
2nt3
31221,1

Infants hantz
ft

I
Hi 1 EY ED
ene ene

en h t 1
g 3 E t

en ln 1
I 3 t 3
in

I E E
h t
I f I
TYPES a Roos Ota form
b Integration

y cosottsino 20s O
E
in
J cosottsino
do

I
do
2ws o g ya

do
I 4cosyo.gg

I cos o E
do
fMreject Fdo

HEEDED
It tanto E

tan tan
E E I E
o

tan
I E t tant Es tanto tano

E tf tant

3 453
53

I É
I
la
Typey Identity proving
b
Integrate a horrible term

Method Always use substitution from


first part

cosecal cotottand

cosec 20 do
f
cotottand do
g
cotottano do
I
do do
I foto Stand

Fado FEET D Cosa


EE D Sino
I 1
2

IT
lultano

button hi tan
I
but hi
t ft
h 53
I
h
I
53
53

flu 3
Types Single Part Questions 4 5 Mark

Do not waste lot


a
of
time

Hard

iEEY.gg g.gg
y
D Trig identity
Prof
2 Iteration
3
Diff eq
TYPEG INTEGRATION BY SUBSTITUTION
QUESTION WILL ALWAYS TELL
WHEN TO USE SUBSTITUTION
SUBSTITUTION WILL ALSO BE GIVEN

Lets learn simple


by using a
example

22 In 223 5
Q I n 5 4

Steps start substitutingvalues Step1 Diff the sub


U 223 5

fokus dy dg
toe

doc
dig
fu du
Step3 CHANGE OFLIMITS

LOWER UPPER
I 7
4 2213 5 U 223 5
2 1 2 3

f I I 4 2473 5 4 21373 5
D U 7 U 59
s da web K to
g
u a
Ntjg a NtU2 6 u 6 x
2 6
5 252dm
gy L 6 NEED
J at a

du
J
tou
ata fu if
tou du du Zada
gb u tu
wi
du 25 x.de
lol du M G Ltu
g213 a Gta btw d
6 34 Zu U2
alata
fi
da 3 atu
fer fonda
3 4 Ltu
2
IOU
S 3 a atu Limits
LOWER UPPER
U E U In
2 2 2 5
U T62 4 765
4 2 4 1

2
in IOU
J z a atu

I
Partial fraction

In there
integration
If
is no
quotient Rule

D D du In D
J ly
du tai
J Pj
3 100 Partial fraction
IOU du Firstdo partialfraction
co a esta then integrate

Partial
you
3 a Ltu IT Itu
IOU A Ltu B 3 U

U 3 U 2

1013 A 2 3 101 2 B 3 21

30 A 5 20 B 5

A 6 B 4
low
3 a LTU
I
É I

SE E on

64 du
ji
du
4
6h13 u 4h12 tu

f bln 3 2 442 2 64 3 1 4h 2 1
6hr1 4hr4 6hr2 t 4hr3
6hr2 4hr3 4hr4
In 64 hi 81 hi 256
en
CEI
h
t
bn E
2h
E
PB COMPLEX NUMBERS 8 10 MARKS
50 EASY SOY HARD

I It i I

Simplify
535 36 1 536 51 bi imaginary
numbers
18 9 2 1 Jg x 3 i

COMPLEX NUMBERS

2
comflex g th
number
Redcomiteist
2
heatYmatinary

SYMBOLS Re 21 3
Im 2 4
2 3 71 W 2t5i

ADD ZtW 3 71 2 51 5 121

SUB Z W 3 71 2 51 1 21

MULTIPLY ZXW 3 75 2 5

6 15 i 14 i 355
6 29 i 351 1

6 290 35
29 29 i

DIVIDE 3 7i 2 5
ga
3 2 5 2 Ji
conjugate
complexnumber
multiply and divide by conjugate of change sign of
the denominator imaginary parts
3 71 2 55 symbol 28
2 51 2 Ji
6 156 145 355 2 3 4i

2
2
56 24
41 3

6 i 351 1 2 1 21 531

4 2512 24 1 2itJ3i
6 35 i
4 2561
41 i we cannot write a complex

2g number as a single fraction

4g É
SQUARE ROOTS OF A COMPLEX NUMBER 5 MARKS

Q Find two roots 3 4i


square of giving your
answers in form at bi 15 marks

13 4i This will also be a complex no

3 4i at bi now we and b
need a
a and b must be real
STEP1 SQUARE BOTH SIDES EXPAND EQUATE REAL
IMAGINARY PARTS ON BOTH SIDES

J 3 4i a bi
3 4i at Labi t bi
3 4i a Labi t b 1

3 ÉtaijIzabi
Eat
92 5 3 Zabi 4i
a 3 ab 2
z b
a
a 3
42
a 3
224
4a 392
94 392 4 0
Substitute Ax
x2 32 4 0

22 4 7 4 0
x 4 1 x 47 0

Itt 2 4 0

x I 2 4
DE 1 92 4
IT
É
a
9 2 or a 2

b are real b
a
q
b
3
b b 1
SQUARE ROOT
3 4i at bi 2 Ii 2ti
It EDI 2 i
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF A COMPLEXNUMBER

ARGAND DIAGRAM
Imaginary
2 asb
4
Gate
gyqggggy.int
ARGUMENT 2 3 42 3,4
199
Real
3

MODULUS OF A COMPLEX NUMBER R


2 at bi
R a tb i is not part of this formula

2 3 41 Caution WRONG
r R J 3 Gi
S R J 9 165
R 19 16617 57
525 catnnot be
5 an imagery number

ARGUMENT O OF A COMPLEX NUMBER


THIS DOES NOT FOLLOW TRIG RULES FOR QUADRANTS

180 Karg o I 180


A
Fargo E A

Finding argument is always a two step


process
2 at bi g 2 3 4i
3 4
STE PI Find a
a tan
ta
tari 53 13
3
a

ignore all th signs


and in this 4

STEP Find argument using


following Quadrant rules
o a
arg
ArgO
O 53.13
Arg O 180 a a
arg
a 180 x
Argo Argo
2 2 53 ti 2 2 22 4 2 53 I
53,1 2 2 53 1

45 tan 30
tariff 30
tank 1
x a a

53
I
2

180
Arg 07 180
2 x
anglo Argo
180 30 45 180 30
150 135

IF TWO COMPLEX NUMBERS ARE MULTIPLIED


THEIR MODULUS ARE ALSO MULTIPLIED AND
ARGUMENTS ARE ADDED

IF TWO COMPLEX NUMBERS ARE DIVIDED


THEIR MODULUS ARE ALSO DIVIDED AND
ARGUMENTS ARE SUBTRACTED

2 22
Modulus R modulus R2
Argument O Argument O
21 22 21 22
Modulus RXR Modulus R p
Argument
4 0 Argument O
Q

U Iti ut z i utw 2ti 2 i 4


A 2,1 1312 1 C 4,0

h
OABC is a
Rhombus
1 A
c
0 i s
I
B

dig Iti
up six
ti Ztt
2 i 2ti
4 41 ti
2 2
c
4 hit Ct
4 i

3 4i
5

i
Eu t
I
angles anger
ang t
u ti 1 2 i
211 2 1 ng 3 fi
31
tarifa stank a tan
i t a

tail
i
a a
Arg Arg
Argent tariff Arg a tank Arg
Arg E tariff
angles anger
arg t
tank tan't tariff
tari 4 tan 1 tariff
tail 2
tariff
FORMS OF A COMPLEX NUMBER

RECTANGULAR R at bi
Usage Argand Diagrams asb

POLARFORM 2 R cosOtisino
MODULUS Argument
USAGE Used to convert from Exponential form
to
rectangular form
D argument
EXPONENTIAL FORM z Reid MUST BE IN
Motulus RADIANS

USAGE TO TAKE HIGHER POWERS OF


A COMPLEX NUMBER
53 i 53 1
Q 2
is Find modulus and argument
of 2
3
Argument
a
tank
Modulus R1157 12
1 a
R 2 Argo

Argo F
in Express complex number in form Reid and
hence show that 2 is real

2 53 t i

É Re
2 2 e E

26 12 e4
2 e4
E xd
64 e
2 64 Et
motdulus Frg O
R
Now to go back to rectangularform we need
apply p for
2 R coso t ish O

26 64 cost is int
26 64 1 ti O

26 64 I
2b 64 Real

Higher form
potwer Exponential

M 22 2532 4 0

2 253 I 253 41 4
211
2 253 I 12 16
2
2 253 It 4

2 253 I Li
2
IT 545

2 12 53 Ii
X
2 53 ti 2 53 i
153,1 53 1

Modulus 5 172 Mhodulus 11537 1 132


Rez R 2

30 tan 30
Ang a
tariff 5 a
f I
Y
a a
Arg O Arg O a a
T 5
I a 5

in
2 Reid Z Reid
2 2 tf 2 2 e'FED
26 12 E z zeit D
2b e Ergo 26 64 eitsa
ggg tod Argos
r
Polar 26 12 cosotisino Polar 2 R cosotisino
2 64 cossatisinga 26 64 costa tisinE5A
26 641 1 110 26 641 1 ILO
26 64 26 64
LOCUS
NOTE You Are not allowed to sketch Always
draw exact to scale drawing

FROM 1 POINT CIRCLE


2 POINTS PERPENDICULAR
BISECTOR

Locus of points whose distance from


point 1,3 is 4cm
t
Maths ppl write this as a CODE
to make life hell for students

2 1 32 9

isthentitiffy Is't radius 4


one pointis

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