XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

COMPETENCY BASED QUESTIONS

1. A glass lens is immersed in water. What will be the effect on the power of lens?
(A) increase (B) decrease
(C) constant (D) not depends

2. How does the magnifying power of a telescope change on increasing the linear
diameter of its objective?
(A) Power increases on increases diameter
(B) Power decreases on decreases diameter
(C) Power remain constant on increases diameter
(D) Power doesn’t depends on diameter

3. An astronomical telescope has a large aperture to

(A) increase span of observation
(B) have low dispersion
(C) reduce spherical aberration
(D) have high resolution
4. Two lenses of focal lengths 20 cm and - 40cm are held in contact. If an object lies at
infinity, image formed by the lens combination will be a
(A) infinity
(B) 20cm
(C) 40cm
(D) 60cm

5. The characteristic feature of light which remains unaffected on refraction is

(A) speed
(B) frequency
(C) wavelength
(D) velocity of light

6. The air bubble inside water shine due to

(A) Reflection
(B) Refraction
(C) Total internal reflection
(D) None of these
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

7. How does the focal length of a convex lens changes if mono chromatic red light is used
instead of violet light?
(A) ) Focal length is increased when red light is used
(B) Focal length is decreased when red light is used
(C) Focal length is remain same when red light is used
(D) Not depends on color of light.

8. When a convex lens placed inside a transparent medium of refracting index greater
than that of its own material
(A) It behave as concave lens
(B) It behave as convex lens
(C) It behave as a glass slab
(D) It behave as a glass prism

9. The deviation of a ray on passing through a prism is (μ-1)A FOR

(A) All conditions
(B) small angle A
(C) ) Large angle A
(D) In minimum angle of deviation case.

10. A thin prism of 12° angle gives a deviation of 6°. The refracting index of a material of
the prism
(A) 3/2
(B) 4/3
(C) 8/9
(D)9/8
11. The radius of curvature of the convex surface of a plano- convex lens ,whose focal
length Is 0.3m & the refractive index of material is 1.5 is
(A) 1.5m
(B) 0.15m
(C)0.5m
(D)1 .25m

12. The magnifying power of an astronomical telescope in the normal adjustment position
Is 100.The distance between objective & the eyepiece is 101cm.what is the focal length of
objective.
(A) 100cm
(B) 1cm
(C) 50 cm
(D) 11cm
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

13. A Tank is filled with water to a height of 12.5cm.The apparent depth of a needle lying
at Bottom of tank is measured by a microscope to be 9.4cm.What is the refractive of
water ?
(A) 1.33
(B) 1.5
(C) 1.13
(D) 1.45
14. Two thin lenses of focal lengths 20 cm and 25 cm are placed in contact. The effective
power of the combination is:
(A) 45 D
(B) 9 D
(C) 19 D
(D)6 D

15. The angle of deviation for a prism is greatest for:

(A) violet (B) red.
(C) orange (D) yellow

16. An astronomical refractive telescope has an objective of focal length 20 m and an

eyepiece of focal length 2 cm. Then
(i) the magnification is 1000
(ii) the length of the telescope tube is 20.02 m
(iii) the image formed of inverted
(iv) all of these

17. An astronomical refractive telescope has an objective of focal length 20 m and an

eyepiece of focal length 2 cm. Which one of the following is not possible?
(i) The length of the telescope tube is 20.02 m.
(ii) The magnification is 1000.
(iii) The image formed is inverted.
(iv) An objective of a larger aperture will increase the brightness and reduce chromatic
aberration of the image.

18. A concave mirror is held in water. What should be the change in the focal length of the
mirror?
(i) Halved
(ii) Doubled
(iii) Remains the same
(iv) Increases exponentially
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

19. A convex lens is dipped in a liquid whose refractive index is equal to the refractive
index of the lens. Then its focal length will
(i) become zero
(ii) become infinite
(iii) become small, but non-zero
(iv) remain unchanged

20. Which of-the following is not a property of light?

(i) It can travel through vacuum
(ii) It has a finite speed
(iii) It requires a material medium for its propagation
(iv) It involve transportation energy

21. Two concave mirrors have the same focal length but the aperture of one is larger than
that of the other. Which mirror forms the sharper image ?
(i) Plane (ii) Concave
(iii) Convex (iv) Prism
22. An object is placed at a distance of 40 cm from a concave mirror of focal length 15 cm.
If the object is displaced through a distance of 20 cm towards the mirror, the displacement
of the image will be:
(i) 30 cm away from the mirror
(ii) 36 cm away from the mirror
(iii) 30 cm towards the mirror
(iv) 36 cm towards the mirror

23. A man stands in front of a mirror of special shape. He finds that his image has a very
small head, a fat body, and legs of normal size. What can we say about the shapes of the
three parts of the mirror?
(i) Convex, Concave, Plane
(ii) The plane, Concave, Convex
(iii) Concave, Convex, Plane
(iv) Convex, Plane, Concave

24. The refractive indices (R.I.) of glass and water with respect to air are 3/2 and 4/3
respectively. The R.I. of glass w.r. to water is:
(i) 8/9 (ii) 9/8
(iii) 7/6 (iv) 2

25. Which of the following colour of white light deviated most when passes through a
prism?
(i) Red light
(ii) Violet light
(iii) Yellow light
(iv) Both (i) and (ii)
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

26. Two lenses of focal lengths 20 cm and – 40 cm are held in contact. The image of an
object at infinity will be formed by the combination at
(i) 10 cm (ii) 20 cm
(iii) 40 cm (iv) infinity
27. A convergent lens will become less convergent in :
(i) oil (ii) water
(iii) both of (i) and (ii) (iv) none of these
28. Two beams of red and violet color are made to pass separately through a prism (angle of
the prism is 60°). In the position of minimum deviation, the angle of refraction will be
(i) 30° for both the colors
(ii) greater for the violet color
(iii) greater for the red color
(iv) equal but not 30° for both the colors
29. When light is refracted into a medium,
(i) its wavelength and frequency both increase
(ii) its wavelength increases but frequency remains unchanged
(iii) its wavelength decreases but frequency remains unchanged
(iv) its wavelength and frequency both decrease
30. A ray of light incident at an angle θ on a refracting face of a prism emerges from the
other face normally. If the angle of the prism is 5° and the prism is made of a material of
refractive index 1.5, the angle of incidence is
(a) 7.5° (b) 5°
(c) 15° (d) 2.5°
31. Digital movie projectors work on the principle of
(1) Reflection from micromirrors
(2) Refraction from thin lenses
(3) Dispersion from thin prisms
(4) Total internal reflection from optical fibres
32. Day and night settings for rearview mirrors uses
(1) Thin mirrors (2) Thick wedge-shaped mirrors
(3) Convex mirrors (4) Concave mirrors
33. When a beam of light is incident on a plane mirror, it is found that a real image is
formed. The incident beam must be
(1) Converging
(2) Diverging
(3) Parallel
(4) Formation of real image by a plane mirror is impossible
34. An object is placed symmetrically between two plane mirrors, inclined at an angle of
72°, then the total number of images observed is
(1) 5 (2) 4
(3) 2 (4) Infinite
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

35. A person 1.6 m tall is standing at the centre between two walls three metre high. What
is the minimum size of a plane mirror fixed on the wall in front of him, if he is to see the
full height of the wall behind him?
(1) 0.8 m (2) 1 m
(3) 1.5 m (4) 2.3 m
36. While capturing solar energy for commercial purposes we use
(1) Parabolic mirrors (2) Plane mirrors
(3) Convex mirrors (4) Concave mirrors
37. A convex mirror is used to form an image of a real object. Then mark the wrong
statement
(1) The image lies between the pole and focus
(2) The image is diminished in size
(3) The image is erect
(4) The image is real
38. A convex mirror has a focal length f. A real object is placed at a distance f in front of it,
from the pole. It produces an image at
(1) Infinity (2) f
(3) f/2 (4) 2f
39. An object placed in front of a concave mirror of focal length 0.15 m produces a virtual
image, which is twice the size of the object. The position of the object with respect to the
mirror is
(1) –5.5 cm (2) –6.5 cm
(3) –7.5 cm (4) –8.5 cm
40. When a light ray from a rarer medium is refracted into a denser medium, its
(1) Speed increases, wavelength increases
(2) Speed decreases, wavelength increases
(3) Speed increases, wavelength decreases
(4) Speed decreases, wavelength decreases
41. An equiconvex lens of focal length 15 cm is cut into two halves as shown in figure.
Find the focal length of each part?

a) -30cm (b) -20cm (c) 30cm (d) -15cm

42. A glass lens is immersed in water. What will be the effect on the power of lens?
a)increase (b) decrease
(c) constant (d) not depends
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

43. How does the magnifying power of a telescope change on increasing the linear diameter
of its objective?
a. Power increases on increases diameter
b. Power decreases on decreases diameter
c. Power remain constant on increases diameter
d. Power doesn’t depend on diameter
44. An astronomical telescope has a large aperture to:
(a) increase span of observation
(b) have low dispersion
(c) reduce spherical aberration
(d) have high resolution
45. Two lenses of focal lengths 20 cm and - 40cm are held in contact. If an object lies at
infinity, image formed by the lens combination will be at
a. infinity
b. 20cm
c. 40cm
d. 60cm
46. In the minimum deviation position, the refracted ray in the prism is
1. Parallel to the base of prism.
2. Perpendicular to the base of prism.
3. Parallel to the any side of prism
4. None of the above
47. Due to refraction, the depth of an optically denser medium appears to be
a. less than its real depth.
b. more than its real depth.
c. Equal than its real depth.
d. Not related to its real depth.
48. A convergent lens made of crown glass (refractive index 1.5) has focal length 20cm in
air. If it is immersed in a liquid of refractive index 1.60, its focal length will be
(a)160 cm
(b)80 cm
(c )-160 cm
(d)-80 cm
49. A man runs towards a mirror at a rate of 6 m/s if we assume the mirror to be at rest, the
image will have velocity -
a. +12 m/s
b. -12 m/s
c. +6 m/s
d. -6 m/s
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

50. Refractive index of water is 5/3. A light source is placed in water at a depth of 4 m.
Then what must be the maximum radius of disc placed on water surface so that the light of
source can be stopped ?
A. 3 m
B. 4m
C. 5m
D. Infinity
51. A short linear object of length b lies along the axis of a concave mirror of focal length f
at a distance u from the pole of the mirror. The size of image is approximately equal to
A. b ((u-f)/f)1/2
B. b ((f)/u-f)1/2
C. b ((u-f)/f)
D. b ((f)/u-f)2
52. A ray of light travels from the point A to B with a uniform speed. On its way, it is
reflected by the surface XX’. The path followed by the ray to take least time is

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
53. A Convex mirror of focal length f produces an image magnified m times. The distance
of the object from the mirror is
A. (m-1)f/m
B. (m+1)f/m
C. (m-1)f
D. (m+1)f
54. A Thin lens of focal length f and its aperture has diameter d. it forms an image of
intensity 3. Now the central part of aperture upto diameter d/2 is blocked by an opaque
paper. The focal lenght and image intensity would change to
A. f/2, I/2
B. f, I/4
C. 3f/4, I/2
D. F, 3I/4
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

55. When a light ray from a rarer medium is refracted into a denser medium, its
(1) Speed increases, wavelength increases
(2) Speed decreases, wavelength increases
(3) Speed increases, wavelength decreases
(4) Speed decreases, wavelength decreases
56. Which of the following is possible application of fibre optics?
(1) Endoscopy
(2) High speed internet traffic
(3) Radio, TV & Telephone signals
(4) All of these
57. Two transparent media A and B are separated by a plane boundary. The speed of light
in medium A is 2.0 x 108 ms-1 and in medium B is 2.5 × 108 ms-1. The critical angle for
which a ray of light going from A to B suffers total internal reflection is
(1) sin-¹ 1/2
(3) sin-¹ 4/5
(2) sin-¹ 2/5
(4) sin-¹ ¾
58. An object is placed at a distance of f/2 from a convex lens. The image will be
(1) At one of the foci, virtual and double its size
(2) At 3f/2, real and inverted
(3) At 2f, virtual and erect
(4) At f, real and inverted
59. A glass concave lens is placed in a liquid in which it behaves like a convergent lens.
The refractive index of glass is
1. Greater than the refractive index of the liquid
2. Less than the refractive index of the liquid
3. Cannot be decided
4 None of the above.
60. The radii of curvatures of each of the surfaces of a convex lens (refractive index of the
material is 1.5) is 20 cm. The focal length of the lens in air is
1. 20 cm
2. -20 cm
3. 40 cm
4. 10 cm
61. A glass lens is immersed in water. Its power will
1. Decrease
2. Increase
3. Remains same
4. None of the above
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

62. A thin equiconvex glass lens of refractive index 1.5 has power of 5D. When the lens is
immersed in a liquid of refractive index μ, it acts as a divergent lens of focal length 100 cm.
The value of μ of liquid is
(1) 4/3
(2) 3/4
(3) 5/3
(4) 8/3
63. At the minimum deviation of condition in a prism
1. The refracted ray is parallel to the base of the prism.
2. The incident angle is equal to the angle of emergence.
3. Angle of refraction is half of the angle of prism
4. All of the above
64. Focal length of the objective and eyepiece of a telescope are respectively 50 cm and 5
cm. The magnifying power of the telescope in its normal adjustment is
1. 0.1
2. 10
3. 11
4. 1.1
65. The equivalent focal length of a combination of a convex and a concave length is
1. Positive
2. Negative
3. May be positive or negative
4. None of the above.
66. Two convex lenses are separated by a distance equal to the sum of their focal lengths. A
beam of light parallel to the principal axis incidence on one of the lenses. They will emerge
from the second lens as
1. A beam of parallel rays
2. As a beam of diverging rays
3. As a beam of converging ray
4. None of the above
67. When a telescope is adjusted for normal vision, the distance of the objective from the
eye-piece is found to be 80 cm. The magnifying power of the telescope is 19. What are the
focal lengths of the lenses?
(1) 61 cm, 19 cm
(2) 40 cm, 40 cm
(3) 76 cm, 4 cm
(4) 50 cm, 30 cm
68. While measuring refractive index of glass using a glass slab of thickness 3 cm and a
travelling microscope a student observes that he needed to shift the microscope by 1 cm to
refocus the mark on the base of the travelling microscope when the slab is kept on it. The
refractive index of the material of the glass slab is
1. 2/3
2. 1/3
3. 3/2
4. 1.8
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

69. Total internal reflection occurs when

1. Light travels from a denser to rarer medium
2. Light travels from a denser to rarer medium. and the angle of incidence is less than the
critical angle
3. Light travels from a rarer to denser medium. and the angle of reflection is less than the
critical angle
4. Light travels from a denser to rarer medium. and the angle of incidence is greater than
the critical angle
70. Objects are visible in light due to :
a. Scattering b) Refraction
c) Absorption d) Fluorescence
71. Even in absolutely clear water ,a diver cannot see very clearly :
a. Because rays of light get diffused
b. Because velocity of light is reduced in water
c. Because a ray of light passing through the water makes it turbid
d. Because the focal length of the eye lens in water gets changed and the imge is no longer
focused sharply on the retina

72. A lens behaves as a converging lens in air and as a diverging lens in water. The
refractive index of the material is :
a. Equal to unity
b. Equal to 1.33
c. Between unity and 1.33
d. Greater than 1.33
73. When a thin convex lens is put in contact with a thin concave lens of the same focal
length , the resultant combination had focal length equal to :
a. f/2
b. 2f
c. Zero
d. Infinity
74. A concave lens of focal length f produces an image 1/μ times the size of the object. The
distance of the object from the lens is :
a. (μ - 1)f
b. (μ - 1 )f/ μ
c. ( μ + 1 )f/ μ
d. ( μ + 1 )f
75. When length of a microscope tube increases, its magnifying power :
a. Decreases
b. Increases
c. Does not change
d. May increase or decrease
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

76. A microscope has an objective of 5mm focal length and eye piece of 30 mm focal
length and the distance between them is 150 mm . The magnification is :
a. 50
b. 100
c. 200
d. 250
77. The magnifying power of an astronomical telescope can be increased if we :
a. Increase the focal length of the objective
b. Increase the focal length of the eye piece
c. decrease the focal length of the objective
d. decrease the focal length of the objective and at the same time increase the focal length
of the eye piece
78. Two convex lenses of focal lengths 0.3 m and 0.05 m are used to make a telescope. The
distance kept between them is equal to :
a. 0.35 m
b. 0.25 m
c. 0.175 m
d. 0.15 m
79. When a ray of light goes from a rarer medium into a denser medium , then :
a. Speed of light is reduced
b. Frequency of light is increased
c. Wavelength of light is increased
d. None of the above effects will be observed.
80. A ray of light can suffer total internal reflection when it goes from :
a. Air to water
b. Water to glass
c. Glass to air
d. Air to glass
81. If refractive indices for water and glass are 4/3 and 5/3 respectively and light is tending
to go from glass to water, the critical angle is :
a. Sin-1 (4/3 )
b. Sin-1 (5/3 )
c. Sin-1 (4/5 )
d. Sin-1 (5/4 )
82. Optical fibres use the phenomenon of :
a. Refraction
b. Total internal reflection
c. Polarisation
d. Interference
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

83. In a glass prism :

a. Blue light is dispersed more than red light
b. Red light is dispersed more than blue light
c. Both red light and blue light are equally dispersed
d. Orange light is dispersed more than blue light

84. The angle of minimum deviation for a hollow prism filled with a liquid is 30 degree . A
ray of light falling on the prism is refracted at 30 degree. The refractive index of the liquid
is :
a) 1.414
b) 1.732
c ) 0.866
d ) 1.500
85. In an experiment for determination of refractive index of glass of a prism by i-δ,plot,it
was found that a ray incident at angle 35°,suffers deviation of 40° and that it emerges an
angle 79°.In that case which of the following is closest to the maximum possible value of
refractive index?
(A)1.5
(B)1.6
(C)1.7
(D)1.8
86. An object 2.4m Infront of a lens form a sharp image on a film 12 cm behind the lens. A
glass plate 1 cm thick, of refractive index 1.50 is interposed between lens and film with its
plane faces parallel to film. At what distance (from lens) should object shifted to be in sharp
focus on film?
(A)7.2m
(B)2.4m
(C)3.2m
(D)5.6m
87. A green light is incident from the water to the air-water interface at the critical angle
(θ). Select the correct statement
(A) The spectrum of visible light whose frequency is more than that of green light will
come out to the air medium
(B) The entire spectrum of visible light will come out of the water at various angles to the
normal
(C) The entire spectrum of visible light will come out of the water at an angle of 90° to the
normal
(D) The spectrum of visible light whose frequency is less than that of green light will come
out to the air medium
88. The focal length of plano-convex lens, the convex surface of which is slivered is .3m, if
μ of the lens is 7/4, the radius of curvature of the convex surface is
(A)0.45m
(B)1.05m
(C)3m
(D)0.9m
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

89. The magnification of a compound microscope is 30 and the focal length of its eye piece
is 5m. Calculate the magnification produce by the objective , when the image is to be
formed at least distance of distinct vision (25 cm).
(A) 5
(B) 6
(C) 8
(D) 10
90. A convergent double of separated lens, corrected for spherical aberration ,are separated
by 2 m and has an equivalent focal length of 10 cm. Calculate the focal length of its
component lenses.
(A) f1=18 cm,f2=10 cm.
(B) f1=20 cm,f2=28 cm.
(C) f1=20 cm,f2=18 cm.
(D) f1=24 cm,f2=18cm.
91. Calculate the time taken by the light to travel a distance of 500 m in water of reflective
index of4/3. (Given the velocity of light in vacuum =3 X 1010cm/s)
(A) 3X10-10s
(B) 2.22 X 10-6s
(C) 4.3 X 10-5s
(D) 3 X 10-6s
92. A telescope consist of two lenses of focal lengths 10 cm and 1 cm. Calculate the length
of telescope, when an object is kept at distance of 60 cm from the objective, and the final
image is formed is at least distance of distinct vision.
(A) 15.05 cm
(B) 12.96 cm
(C) 13.63 cm
(D) 14.44 cm
93. An equilateral prism deviates a ray through 45º for the two angle of incidence differing
by 20º. The angle of incidence is
(A)60º
(B)40º
(C)120º
(D)None of these
94. A compound microscope has an eyepiece of focal length 10m and an objective of focal
length 4cm. Calculate the magnification if an object is kept at a distance of 5cm from the
objective, then the final image is formed at the least distance of distinct vision.
(A)10
(B)11
(C)12
(D)13
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

95. An object approaches a convergent lens from the left of the lens with uniform speed
5m/s and stops at the focus. The image
(A)moves away from the lens with a uniform speed 5m/s
(B)moves away from the lens with uniform acceleration
(C) moves away from the lens with non-uniform acceleration
(D)moves towards the lens with non-uniform acceleration
96. Find the change in the focal length of the lens, if a convex lens of focal length 20cm and
refractive index 1.5, is emerged in water having refractive index 1.33.
(A)62.2cm
(B)5.82cm
(C)58.2cm
(D)6.22cm
97. Find the position of 1cm tall object which is placed 8cm in front of convex mirror of
radius of curvature 24cm.
(A)24cm
(B)25cm
(C)26cm
(D)27cm
98. If two mirrors are inclined at some angle an object is placed between the mirrors and
there are seven images formed for an object. Then, what is an angle between the mirrors?
(A)54º
(B)50º
(C)60º
(D)64º
99. The shortest height of a vertical mirror required to see the entire image of a man will be
A) One third of the man’s height
(B)Half the man’s height
(C)Two third of the man’s height
(D)Data insufficient
100. A beam of monochromatic blue light of wavelength 4200 Å in air travels in water (4 /
3) . Its wavelength in water will be
(a) 2800 Å (b) 5600 Å
(c) 3150 Å (d) 4000 Å
101. The ratio of thickness of plates of two transparent mediums A and B is 6 : 4. If light
takes equal time in passing through them, then refractive index of B with respect to A will
be
(a) 1.4 (b) 1.5
(c) 1.75 (d) 1.33
102. The wavelength of light in two liquids 'x' and 'y' is 3500 Å and 7000 Å, then the
critical angle of x relative to y will be
(a) 600(b) 450
(c) 300(d) 150
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

103. A convex lens of focal length 40 cm is an contact with a concave lens of focal length
25 cm.
The power of combination is
(a) – 1.5 D (b) – 6.5 D
(c) + 6.5 D (d) + 6.67 D
104. If the refractive indices of crown glass for red, yellow and violet colours are 1.5140,
1.5170 and 1.5318 respectively and for flint glass these are 1.6434, 1.6499 and 1.6852
respectively, then the dispersive powers for crown and flint glass are respectively
(a) 0.034 and 0.064 (b) 0.064 and 0.034
(c) 1.00 and 0.064 (d) 0.034 and 1.0
105. The focal length of objective and eye-piece of a microscope are 1 cm and 5 cm
respectively. If the magnifying power for relaxed eye is 45, then length of the tube is
(a)6 cm (b) 9 cm
(c) 12 cm (d) 15 cm
106. A fish is a little away below the surface of a lake. If the critical angle is 49°, the fish
could see things above the water surface within an angular range of θ°, where

(a)49° (b)θ–98°
(c)90° (d)24.5°
107. A double convex thin lens, made of glass (μ = 1.5) has both radii of curvature of
magnitude 20 cm. Incident light rays parallel to principal axis of the lens will converge at a
distance L such that:
(a)20cm (b) 10 cm
(c) 15 cm (d) 19 cm
108. A spherical surface of radius of curvature R separated air (RI 1.0) from glass ( RI 1.5).
The center of curvature in the glass a point object P in air found to have a real image Q in
the glass. The line PQ cuts the surface at a point O, and PO=OQ. The distance is equal to
a.5R b. 3R
c. 2R d. 1.5 R
109. The focal length of an object of a telescope is 3 m and diameter 15 cm. Assuming for a
normal eye, the diameter of pupil 3mm for its complete use the focal eye piece must be
(a) 6 cm (b) 6.3 cm
(c) 20 cm (d) 60 cm
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

110. Three right angled prisms of refractive indices n1, n2 and n3 are fixed together using
an optical glue as shown in figure. If a ray passes through the prisms without suffering any
deviation, then

111. Which of the following graphs shows appropriate variation of refractive index μ with
wavelength λ
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

112. For a convex lens, if real image is formed the graph between (u + v) and u or v is as
follows a

113. A fish rising vertically up towards the surface of water with speed 3 ms–1 observes a
bird diving vertically down towards it with speed 9 ms–1. The actual velocity of bird is

(a) 4.5 ms–1 (b) 5. ms–1

(c) 3.0 ms–1 (d) 3.4 ms–1
114. Two-point light sources are 24 cm apart. Where should a convex lens of focal length 9
cm be put in between them from one source so that the images of both the sources are
formed at the same place
(a) 6 cm (b) 9 cm
(c) 12 cm (d) 15 cm
115. If m1 and m2 be the linear magnifications of the objective and eyepiece of a compound
microscope, then the magnifying power of the compound microscope is
(A) m1 + m2 (B) m1 – m2
(C) m1 × m2 (D) (m1+m2)/2
116. The magnifying power of a telescope is M. If the focal length of the eyepiece is
halved, the magnifying power will become
(A) M/2 (B) 4M
(C) M/4 (D) 2M
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

117. Light cannot easily escape a diamond without multiple internal reflections. This is
because:
A. its critical angle with reference to air is too large.
B. its critical angle with reference to air is too small.
C. the diamond is transparent.
D. rays always enter at angle greater than critical angle.
118. If the focal length of objective lens is increased, then the magnifying power of
a. Microscope will increase but that of telescope decrease
b. Microscope will decrease but that of telescope increase
c. Microscope and Telescope, both will increase
d. Microscope and Telescope, both will increase
119. An Astronomical telescope has Objective and eyepiece of focal lengths 40cm and 4cm
respectively. To view an object 200cm from the objective, the lenses must be separated by a
distance of
a. 46.0cm b. 50cm
c. 54.0 cm d. 37.3cm
120. A spherical surface of radius of curvature R separates air (refractive index 1.0) from
glass (refractive index 1.5). The center of curvature is in glass. A point object P placed
When a glass lens is immersed in water, then the power of the lens will
a. Increase b. decrease
c. constant d. not depends
121. The deviation of a ray on passing through a prism of small angle A is
a. μ-1A b. Aμ-1
c. (μ-1)Ad. none
122. An object approaches a convergent lens from the left of the lens with a uniform speed
5m/s and stops at the focus. The image
a. Moves away from the lens with uniform speed 5m/s
b. Moves away from the lens with uniform acceleration
c. Moves away from the lens with non-uniform acceleration
d. Moves towards the lens with non-uniform acceleration
123. A converging lens of focal length 50cm is placed co-axially in contact with another
lens of unknown focal length. If the combination behaves like a diverging lens of focal
length 50cm. The power of lens is
a. 4D b. 2D
c. -4D d. -2D
124. A ray of light passes through an equilateral glass prism such that angle of incidence is
equal to angle of emergence. If the angle of emergence is ¾ times the angle of prism, the
angle of deviation is
a. 300 b. 450
c. 600 d. 400
125. A small object is place at a distance of 15cm from two coaxial thin lenses in contact.
The focal length of each lens is 25cm. the distance between object and image when both the
lenses are concave is
a. 6.8cm b. 75cm
c. 8.2cm d. 90cm
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

126. The radius of curvature of convex surface of a Plano convex lens, whose focal length
is 0.3m and μ=1.5 is
a. 5cm b. 10 m
c. 12cm d. 15cm
127. One diopter is the power of lens of focal length
a.1cm b. 1m
c. -1cm d. -1m
128. An object is seen through a simple microscope of focal length 10cm. The angular
magnification produced if the image is formed at the near point of the eye which is 20cm
away from it is
a. 2 b. 3
c. 6 d. 4
129. A biconvex lens has a focal length 2/3 times the radius of curvature of either surface.
The refractive index of the lens material is
a. 1.25 b. 1.30
c. 1.5 d.1.75
130. When light is passed through a prism, the colour which deviates least is:
A. Red
B. Blue
C. Green
D. Violet
131. The principal behind optical fibre communication is:
A. Total internal reflection
B. Both Total external reflection and Total internal reflection
C. Refraction
D. Total internal Reflection and Refraction
132. How does the power of a convex lens vary, if the incident red light is replaced by
violet light?
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. No effect
D. First increases and then decreases
133. Two lenses of focal lengths 20 cm and - 40cm are held in contact. If an object lies at
infinity, image formed by the lens combination will be at
A. infinity
B. 20cm
C. 40cm
D. 60cm
134. A short pulse of white light incident from air to glass slab at normal incidence. After
travelling through the slab the first colour to emerge is
A. violet
B. blue
C. green
D. red
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

135. A glass lens is immersed in water. What will be the effect on the power of lens?
(a) increase
(b) decrease
(c) constant
(d) not depends
136. An equiconvex lens of focal length 15 cm is cut into two halves along principal axis.
Find the focal length of each part?
A. -30cm
B. -20cm
C. 30cm
D. 15cm
137. Name the device used to observe magnified image of microscopic objects.
A. Telescope
B. microscope
C. Periscope
D. Kaleidoscope
138. Name the device used to observe distinct image of long distance objects.
A. Telescope
B. microscope
C. Periscope
(D) Kaleidoscope
139. An equiconvex lens of focal length 15 cm is cut into two halves along aperture. What
is the focal length of each part?
A. -30cm
B. -20cm
C. 30cm
D. -15cm
140. In construction how compound microscope differs from simple microscope?
A. Compound microscope has two convex lenses where simple microscope has three
convex lens,
B. Objective has smaller focal length & smaller aperture compared to eyepiece.
C. Objective has greater focal length & greater aperture compared to eyepiece,
D. None of these.
141. How does objective differ from eyepiece in case of telescope?
A. Objective has greater focal length & greater aperture compared to eyepiece,
B. Objective has smaller focal length & smaller aperture compared to eyepiece
C. Objective and eyepiece have same focal length and aperture
D. None of these
142. Why is the focal length of objective greater than focal length of eyepiece telescope?
A. To increase magnification
B. To decrease magnification
C. To form image at D
D. To form image at ∞
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

143. Why in microscope we prefer to form image at least distance of distinct vision
compare to image at infinity.
A. For Higher magnification
B. To decrease magnification
C. To reduce aberration
D. None of these
144. With increase in angle of incidence, What happens to angle of deviation?
A. Angle of deviation first decreases, then increases
B. Angle of deviation first increases, then decreases
C. Angle of deviation first decreases, then becomes constant.
D. Angle of deviation first remains constant, then increases
145. Human eye is most sensitive to visible light of wavelength
a)6050Å
b)5500 Å
c)4500 Å
d)7500 Å
146. Distance of distinct vision is 25cm. Focal length of convex lens is 5cm,it can act as a
magnifier of magnifying power
a) <5 D
b) 5 D
c)6 D
d) Not more than 7 D.
147. Consider the following statement, a compound microscope is better than a single lens
microscope because,
i ) it can produce larger magnification.
ii) it has better resolution
iii) it produces an image free from all defects.
Of the above statements
a) 1,2&3 are correct.
b) 1 & 2 are correct.
c) 2 &3 are correct.
d)1 &3 are correct.
148. A microscope has an objective of 3mm focal length and eyepiece of 30mm focal
length and distance between them is 152 mm. the magnification is
a) 90 x
b) 150 x
c) 180 x
d)35 x
149. A ray of light passes through a prism of angle 600 and refractive index 1.414. the
angle of minimum deviation will be
a) 15o
b) 300
c) 450
d) 600
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

150. Radii of curvature of both the surfaces of a lens are equal(R) and it is made of material
of refractive index 1.5. Its focal length will be
a)±R
b)±2R
c)± R/2
d) Zero
151. When a light wave get refracted into a denser medium the speed of propagation
a) Increases but the wavelength decreases.
b) Decreases but the wavelength increases
c) as well as wavelength increases
d) as well as wavelength decreases.
152. A concave lens of focal length 20cm is kept in contact with a convex lens of focal
length 10cm .the combination will have a focal length of
a)10cm
b) -10cm
c) 20 cm
d) -20cm
153. A concave mirror is held in water .what would be the change in the focal length of the
mirror?
a) Halved
b) Doubled
c) Remain the same
d) Increase exponentially
154. A man stand in front of a mirror of special shape .he finds that his image has a very
small head , a fat body and legs of normal size . What can we say about the shape of three
parts of the mirror
a) Convex, concave ,plane
b) Plane, concave, convex
c) Concave, convex, plane
d)convex, plane ,concave
155. Two beams of red and violet are made to pass separately through a prism (angle of
prism 60 ). In the position of minimum deviation, the angle of refraction will be.
a) 30 for both colors
b) Greater for violet color
c) Greater for red color
d) Equal but not 30 for both color.
156. What are the factors affecting the power of a lens?
(i) Refractive index of lens material.
(ii) Refractive index of the surrounding.
(iii) Radii of curvature.
(iv). Wavelength of light
(a) (iii) & (iv)
(b) (i) ,(iii) &(iv)
(c) (iii) & (i)
(d) (i),(ii),(iii) &(iv)
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

157.A converging and a diverging lens of equal focal length f are placed coaxially in
contact. What will be the power of this combination?
(a) 2f
(b) 0
(c) Infinity
(d) < f
158 . A ray of light strikes a transparent rectangular slab of refractive index √2 at an angle
of incidence 45°. The angle between reflected and refracted ray is
(a) 75
(b) 90
(c)105
(d)120
159. Two identical glass (μ = 3/2) equiconvex lenses of focal length f are kept in contact.
The space between two lenses is filled with water (μ = 4/3) the focal length o the
combination is
(a) f
(b) f/2
(c) 4f/3
(d) 3f/4
160. A given convex lens of glass having refractive index μ = 32 can behave as concave
when it is held in a medium of μ equal to
A. 1
B. 32
C. 23
D. 74
161. Refractive index of a medium depends upon
A. Nature of the medium
B. Wavelength of the medium
C. Temperature
D. All of these
162. A convex lens of focal length 25 cm is placed coaxially in contact with a concave lens
of focal length 20 cm. The system will be
A. Converging in nature
B. Diverging in nature
C. Can be converging or diverging
D. None of the above
163. Which of the following is not due to total internal reflection ?
A. Working of optical fibre
B. Difference between apparent and real depth
C. Mirage on hot summer days
D. Brilliance of diamond
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

164. An air bubble is formed inside water. What change will be observed?
A. It acts as converging lens
B. It acts as diverging lens
C. It acts as a plain glass sheet
D. Cannot say with certainty
165. A ray of light is incident on an equilateral glass prism μ = 3 moves parallel to the base
of the prism inside it. What is the angle of incidence of this ray ?
A. 300
B. 450
C. 600
D. 900
166. Two lenses of power +15D and -5D are kept in contact with each other forming a
combination lens. The effective power and focal length of the combination is
A. 10D, 10 cm
B. 5D, 5cm
C. -10D, 20cm
D. -5D, -10 cm
167. A convex lens is used to form an image on a screen. When the upper half of the lens is
covered by an opaque screen,
A. Half of the image will disappear
B. Complete image will formed with same intensity
C. Complete image will formed with increase intensity
D. Complete image will formed with decrease intensity
168. The image formed by an objective of a compound microscope is
A. Virtual and diminished
B. Real and enlarged
C. Real and diminished
D. Virtual and enlarged
169. A short pulse of white light is incident from air to glass slab at normal incidence. After
travelling through the slab, the first colour to emerge is
A. Violet
B. Blue
C. Red
D. Green
170. The focal length of convex lens when incident by violet rays of light is f cm. When the
incident violet light is replaced by red light, the new focal length will be
A. Less than f cm
B. Greater than f cm
C. Equal to f cm
D. Equal to zero
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

171. If the value of critical angle is 300 for total internal reflection from given optical fibre,
then the speed of light in that fibre is
A. 3x108m/s
B. 1.5x108m/s
C. 6x108m/s
D. 4.5x108m/s
172. The magnifying power of a compound microscope increases with
A. The focal length of objective lens is increased and that of eye lens is decreased
B. The focal length of objective lens is decreased and that of eye lens is increased
C. Focal length of both object and eye piece are increased
D. Focal length of both object and eye piece are decreased
173. An equi -convex lens of focal length ‘f’ is cut into two identical plano convex lenses.
The new focal length and power of the plano-convex lens are
(A) focal length = 2f, power = half of original power
(B) focal length = f, power = double of original power
(C) focal length = 2f, power = original power
(D) focal length = f, power = triple of original power
174. An object approaches a convergent lens from the left of the lens with a uniform speed
5m/s and stops at focus. The image
A. Moves away from the lens with a uniform speed 5m/s
B. Moves away from the lens with a uniform acceleration
C. Moves away from the lens with non-uniform acceleration
D. Moves towards the lens with non-uniform acceleration

ANSWERS:
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

ASSERTION AND REASON QUESTIONS

XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

Two statements are given one labeled Assertion (A) and the otherlabeled Reason (R). Select
the correct answer to these questions from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below:
(A) If both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation
of Assertion (A).
(B) If both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(C) If Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false.
(D) If both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are false.

1. Assertion(A) : The height of an object is always considered positive.

Reason (R) : An object is always placed above the principal axis in the upward direction.
2. Assertion(A): Virtual images are always erect.
Reason (R) : Virtual images are formed by diverging lenses only.
3. Assertion(A) : Refractive index has no units.
Reason (R) : The refractive index is a ratio of two similar quantities.
4. Assertion (A): Air bubbles shine in water.
Reason (R): Air bubbles shine in water due to total internal reflection of light.
5. Assertion (A): A diamond of refractive index √6 is immersed in a liquid of refractive index √3 .
If light travels from diamond to liquid, total internal reflection will take place when angle of
incidence is 30°.
Reason (R): μ = 1/sin C, where μ is the refractive index of diamond with respect to the liquid
6. Assertion : Assertion : The resolving power of a telescope is more if the diameter of the
objective lens is more.
Reason : Objective lens of large diameter collects more light.
7. Assertion : Assertion : The optical instruments are used to increase the size of the image of the
object.
Reason : The optical instruments are used to increase the visual angle.
8. Assertion :- Assertion : An object is placed at a distance of f from a convex mirror of focal
length f its image will form at infinity.
Reason : The distance of image in convex mirror can never be infinity .
9. Assertion:- The focal length of an equiconvex lens of radius of curvature R made of material of
refractive index μ = 1.5, is R.
Reason : The focal length of the lens will be R/2.
10. Assertion : The focal length of the convex mirror will increase, if the mirror is placed in water.
Reason : The focal length of a convex mirror of radius R is equal to , f = R/2.
11. Assertion : Plane mirror may form real image.
Reason : Plane mirror forms virtual image, if object is real.
12. Assertion : The focal length of the convex mirror will increase, if the mirror is placed in water.
Reason : The focal length of a convex mirror of radius R is equal to , f = R/2.
13. Assertion : The image formed by a concave mirror is certainly real if the object is virtual.
Reason : The image formed by a concave mirror is certainly virtual if the object is real.
14. Assertion : The image of an extended object placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a
mirror, will be erect if the object is real but the image is virtual.
Reason : The image of an extended object, placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a mirror,
will be erect if the object is virtual but the image is real.
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

15. Assertion : An object is placed at a distance of f from a convex mirror of focal length f its
image will form at infinity.
Reason : The distance of image in convex mirror can never be infinity
17. Assertion: The focal length of an equiconvex lens of radius of curvature R made of material of
refractive index μ = 1.5, is R.
Reason : The focal length of the lens will be R/2.
18.Assertion : If the rays are diverging after emerging from a lens; the lens must be concave.
Reason : The convex lens can give diverging rays.
19.Assertion : The resolving power of a telescope is more if the diameter of the objective lens is
more.
Reason : Objective lens of large diameter collects more light.
20.Assertion : The optical instruments are used to increase the size of the image of the object.
Reason : The optical instruments are used to increase the visual angle.
21. Assertion: The refractive index of a prism depends only on the kind of glass of which it is made
of and the colour of light.
Reason: The refractive index of a prism depends upon the refracting angle of the prism and the
angle of minimum deviation.
22. Assertion: If the angles of the base of the prism are equal, then in the position of minimum
deviation, the refracted ray will pass parallel to the base of prism.
Reason: In the case of minimum deviation, the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of
emergence.
23. Assertion: A convex mirror cannot form real images.
Reason : Convex mirror converges the parallel rays that are incident on it.
24. Assertion: A convex lens of focal length 30 cm can’t be used as a simple microscope in normal
setting.
Reason: For normal setting, the angular magnification of simple microscope is M=D/f
25. Assertion : The resolving power of a telescope is more if the diameter of the objective lens is
more.
Reason : Objective lens of large diameter collects more light.
26. Assertion: The focal length of the convex lens will increase, if it is placed in water.
Reason: The focal length of a convex lens depends upon the refractive index of the surrounding
medium.
27. Assertion: If the rays are diverging after emerging from a lens; the lens must be concave.
Reason: The convex lens can give diverging rays.
28. Assertion: Chromatic aberration is observed in lenses.
Reason: Different colour has different wavelength.
29. Assertion: Objective of a telescope has a large focal length and aperture.
Reason: Resolving power of a lens of large focal length is more.
30. Assertion: Light passing through a prism split into seven colours.
Reason: Light has seven constituent colours
31. Assertion : When a light wave travels from a rarer to a denser medium, it loses speed. The
reduction in speed implies a reduction in energy carried by the light wave. Reason : The energy of
a wave is proportional to velocity of wave
32. Assertion (A): An object placed in form of convex lens from the image of same size.
Reason (R): Object is placed between optical center and focus.
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

33.Assertion (A): A spherical lens as two foci, whereas spherical mirrors only have one.
Reason (R): A spherical lens causes refraction of light while spherical mirror causes reflection of
light.
34.Assertion(A): A convex lens of focal length 30 cm can’t be used as a simple microscope in
normal setting.
Reason (R): For normal setting, the angular magnification of simple microscope is M=D/f
35. Assertion – Thin prisms do not deviate light much.
Reason – Thin prism have small angle A and hence, Dm(minimum deviation) is also very small as
Dm = [(1n2 – 1)A], where 1n2 is the refractive index of prism w.r.t. medium 1.
36. Assertion: Critical angle of light passing from glass to air is minimum for violet colour.
Reason: The wavelength of blue light is greater than the light of other colours .
37. Assertion: the images formed by total internal reflection are much brighter than those formed
by mirror or lenses
Reason: There is no loss of intensity in total internal reflection.
38. Assertion: The frequencies of incident, reflected beam of monochromatic light incident from
one medium to another are same
Reason: The incident, reflected and reflected rays are coplanar
39. Assertion: if the angle of the base of the prism are equal, then in the position of minimum
deviation the reflected ray will pass parallel to the base of prism.
Reason: In the case of minimum deviation, the angle of incidences is equal to the angle of
emergence.
40. Assertion: The focal length of lens does not change when red light of lens does not change
when red light is replaced by blue light.
Reason: The focal length of lens does not depend on colour of light used.
41. Assertion : Spherical aberration occur in lenses of larger aperture.
Reason : The two rays, paraxial and marginal rays focus at different points.
42. Assertion : The refractive index of a prism depends only on the kind of glass of which it is
made of and the colour of light.
Reason : The refractive index of a prism depends upon the refracting angle of the prism and the
angle of minimum deviation.
43. Assertion : Diamond glitters brilliantly.
Reason : Diamond does not absorb sunlight.
44. Assertion : Just before setting, the sun may appear to be elliptical. This happens due to
refraction.
Reason : Refraction of light ray through the atmosphere may cause different magnification in
mutually perpendicular directions.
45. Assertion : Critical angle of light passing from glass to air is minimum for violet colours.
Reason : The wavelength of blue light is greater than the light of other colours.
46.Assertion: out of blue and red light, blue color is deviated more by a prism.
Reason: The refractive index of the glass of a prism is different for different wavelengths of light
47.Assertion: There is no dispersion when light passes through a rectangular slab
Reason: net deviation produced by first face for a given color is neutralized by the second face in a
glass slab.
48. Assertion: flat bottom of water tank appears concave.
Reason: Apparent depth decreases with increasing obliquity
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

49.Assertion: Power of objective lens of a telescope is kept as small as possible.

Reason: small power implies small magnifying power of the telescope.
50.Assertion: The air bubble shines in water
Reason: air bubble in water shines due to refraction of light
51. Assertion(A): A ray of light entering from glass to air suffers change in
frequency.
Reason(R): Velocity of light in glass is more than that in air.
52.Assertion (A): Nature of lens can be changed by placing the lens in a medium of refractive
index more than that of the lens.
Reason (R): Focal length of a lens depends on refractive index of medium in which it will be
immersed.
53.Assertion (A): A convex lens can form real and virtual images both.
Reason (R): Depending on the position of object from the lens.
54.Assertion: The air bubble shines in water.
Reason : Air bubble in water shines due to refraction of light.
55.Assertion: If the angles of the base of the prism are equal, then in the position of minimum
deviation, the refracted ray will pass parallel to the base of prism.
Reason: In the case of minimum deviation, the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of
emergence.
56. Assertion- The eyepiece as well as objective of a telescope consist of combination of two
lenses
Reason - combination of lenses are used to minimize spherical aberration.
57. Assertion - The clouds are generally of white color.
Reason - The clouds areconsist of particles having size greater than wavelength of light, hence
Rayleigh law is not applicable.
58. Assertion - An object placed at the focus of a focus of a convex mirror will have its image at
infinity.
Reason- The distance of image a convex mirror can never be infinity.
59. Assertion - the focal length of an equiconvex lens of radius of curvature R made up of a
material of refractive index 1.5 is R.
Reason - The formula for focal length of a lens is f = R/2(Applying)
60. Assertion - the brightness of the image produced by a lens which is half painted black .
Reason - Intensity of image is directly proportional to the (aperture)2
61. Assertion (A): A convex lens of glass (μ =1.5) behaves as diverging lens when immersed in
carbon disulphide of higher refractive index (μ = 1.65)
REASON (R) : A divergent lens is thinner in the middle and thicker at the edges
62. Assertion (A): If the objective and eye lenses of a microscope are interchanged, then it can
work as telescope.
REASON (R) :The objective lens of telescope has small focal length.
63. Assertion (A): A total reflecting prism is used to erect the inverted image without deviation.
Reason (R) : Rays of light incident parallel to the base of prism emerges out as parallel rays.
64. Assertion (A): Endoscopy involves use of optical fibres to study internal organs
Reason (R): Optical fibreare based on the phenomena of total internal reflection
65. Assertion (A): A single lens produces a coloured image of an object illuminated by white light.
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

Reason (R):The refractive index of the material of lens is different for different wavelengths of
light.

ANSWERS:

CASE BASED QUESTIONS

XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

1. The lenses forms different types of images when object placed at different locations. When a
ray is incident parallel to the principal axis, then after refraction, it passes through the focus or
appears to come from the focus.
When a ray goes through the optical centre of the lens, it passes without any deviation. If the
object is placed between focus and optical center of the convex lens, erect and magnified image is
formed.
As the object is brought closer to the convex lens from infinity to focus, the image moves away
from the convex lens from focus to infinity. Also the size of image goes on increasing and the
image is always real and inverted.
A concave lens always gives a virtual, erect and diminished image irrespective to the position of
the object.
(i) The location of image formed by a convex lens when the object is placed at infinity is
(a) at focus (b) at 2F
(c) at optical center (d) between Fand 2F

(ii) When the object is placed at the focus of concave lens, the image formed is
(a) real and smaller (b) virtual and inverted
(c) virtual and smaller (d) real and erect

(iii) The size of image formed by a convex lens when the object is placed at the focus of convex
lens is
(a) small (b) point in size
(c) highly magnified (d) same as that of object

(iv) When the object is placed at 2F in front of convex lens, the location of image is
(a) at F (b) at 2 F on the other side
(c) at infinity (d) between F and optical center

(v) At which location of object in front of concave lens, the image is formed between focus and
optical centre
(a) anywhere between opticalcentre and infinity (b) at F
(c) at 2F (d) infinity

Answers:

i. ii. iii. iv. v.

A B c B A
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

2. Telescope
An instrument used to view distant objects clearly.
It consists of:- (a) Objective lens (b) Eyepiece
The telescope is used to provide angular magnification of distant objects. The objective has a
large focal length and a much larger aperture than the eyepiece because object is very far away.
Light from a distant object enters the objective and a real and inverted image is formed at its
second focal point.
This image acts as an object for the eyepiece; it magnifies this image producing a final inverted
image.
Magnification
The magnifying power m is the ratio of the angle β subtended at the eye by the final image to the
angle α which the object subtends at the lens or the eye.
Therefore, m≈ (β / α) ≈ (h/fe) x (fo/h) = (fo/fe).
In this case, the length of the telescope tube is (fo + fe).
In addition, a pair of inverting lenses to make the final image erect.
Refracting telescopes can be used both for terrestrial and astronomical observations.

i)A small telescope has an objective lens of focal length 144cm and an eyepiece of focal length 6
cm.What is the magnifying power of the telescope?
A)240 B)24
C)2.4 D)0.042

ii)What is the separation between the objective and eye piece

A)144cm B)6cm
C)150cm D)138cm

iii)What is the nature of the final image formed in an astronomical telescope

A)virtual,magnified and erect w.r.t the object
B) virtual,magnified and inverted w.r.t the object
C) Real,magnified and inverted w.r.t the object
D) virtual,diminishedand inverted w.r.t the object

iv) Three lenses of focal length 5cm ,50cm and 60cm are to be used for making a telescope ,which
lens will you use for objective
A)5cm B)50cm
c) either one of these D)60cm

v)What do you mean by normal adjustment of telescope?

A)when image is formed at least distance of distinct vision
B) when image is formed at a distance less than least distance of distinct vision
C)) when image is formed a infinite.
D)Both B and C
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

Answer:

i ii iii iv v
B C D B C
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

3. A compound microscope is an optical instrument used for observing highly magnified images of
tiny objects. Magnifying power of a compound microscope is defined as the ratio of the angle
subtended at the eye by the final image to the angle subtended at the eye by the object, when
both the final image and the object are situated at the least distance of distinct vision from the
eye. It can be given that, m=me×mo where me is magnification produced by eye lens and mo is
magnification produced by objective lens.
Consider a compound microscope that consists of an objective lens of focal length 2.0 cm and an
eyepiece of focal length 6.25 cm separated by a distance of 15 cm.

(i)The object distance for eye-piece, so that final image is formed at the least distance of distinct
vision, will be
(a) 3.45 cm
(b) 5 cm
(c) 1.29 cm
(d) 2.59 cm

ii) What is the magnifying power of the microscope in case of least distinct vision?
(a) 20
(b) 30
(c) 40
(d) 50

(iii) Magnification at least distance of distinct vision of a simple microscope of focal length 5 cm is
(a) 2
(b) 5
(c) 4
(d) 6

(iv) Magnification of a compound microscope is 30. Focal length of eyepiece is 5 cm and the image
is formed at a distance of distinct vision of 25 cm. The magnification of the objective lens is
(4) 6
(b) 5
(c) 7.5
(d) 10

(v) In a simple microscope, if the final image is located at 25 cm from the eye placed close to the
lens, then magnifying power is
(a) 25/f
(b) 1 + 25/f
(c) f/25
(d) f/25 + 1
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

Answer:
i ii iii iv v
B A D B B
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

4. Nowadays optical fibres are extensively used for transmitting audio and video signals through
long distances. Optical fibres too make use of the phenomenon of total internal reflection. Optical
fibres are fabricated with high quality composite glass/quartz fibres. Each fibre consists of a core (
Inner) and cladding (outer).
When a signal in the form of light is directed at one end of the fibre at a suitable
angle, it undergoes repeated total internal reflections along the length of the fibre and finally comes
out at the other end

Since light undergoes total internal reflection at each stage, there is no appreciable loss in the
intensity of the light signal. Optical fibres are fabricated such that light reflected at one side of
inner surface strikes the other at an angle larger than the critical angle. Even if the fibre is bent,
light can easily travel along its length. Thus, an opticalfibre can be used to act as an optical pipe.

1. Light cannot escape an opticalfibre due to refraction. This is because:

a) Critical angle for core with reference to cladding is too large
b) Its critical angle for core with reference to cladding is too small
c) The core is transparent
d) Rays always enter at angle greater than critical angle.

2. For total internal reflection to take place

(a) the ray must go from rarer to denser medium.
(b) angle of incidence should be less than critical angle.
(c) the ray must go from denser to rarer medium.
(d) angle of incidence should be zero.

3. In optical fibre
(a) refractive index of core is kept less than that of cladding
(b) refractive index of core is kept more than that of cladding
(c) refractive index of core is equal to that of cladding
(d) refractive index of core is 1

4. If critical angle for core with reference to cladding is 60°. The refractive index of core with
respect to cladding will be.
(a)23
(b) 32
(c) 2
(d) 12

5. If angle of incidence is greater than critical angle than

(a) very small amount of light refract to cladding.
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

(b) small amount of light gets reflected in core.

(c) total light is refracted into cladding
d) total light gets reflected in core.
Answer:

i. ii. iii. iv. v.

d C b A D
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

5. Astronomical Telescope

Astronomical telescope is made up of two lenses: objective lens and eyepiece separated by a
certain distance to see heavenly bodies. The focal length of the objective lens of astronomical
telescope is 80 cm and that of eye piece is 4 cm. The diameter of the moon is 3.0x105 km and the
distance of of the moon from the Earth is 3.75x108 km.

(i) The final image formed by the astronomical telescope is:

(a) Real and inverted (b) Virtual and inverted
(c) Real and erect. (d) Virtual and erect

(ii) Magnifying power of the telescope is:

(a) 5 (b) 10
(c) 15 (d) 20

(iii) The length of the tube of the telescope is:

(a) 76 cm. (b) 86 cm
(c) 7.6 m. (d) 84 cm

(iv) Angular size of the image of the moon is:

(a) 0.05 ° (b) 0.01°
(c) 0.1°. (d) 1°

(v) The magnifying power of telescope can be increased by using:

(a) Objective of large focal length.
(b) Objective of small focal length
(c) Eye lens of large focal length.
(d) All the above

Answer:
i ii iii iv v
b d d a a
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

6. An optical fibre is a thin tube of transparent material that allows light to pass through, without
being refracted into the air or another external medium. It make use of total internal reflection.
These fibres are fabricated in such a way that light reflected at one side of the inner surface
strikes the other at an angle larger than critical angle. Even, if fibre is bent, light can easily travel
along the length

(i) Which of the following is based on the phenomenon of total internal reflection of light?
(a) Sparkling of diamond
(b) Optical fibre communication
(c) Instrument used by doctors for endoscopy
(d) All of these
(ii) A ray of light will undergo total internal reflection inside the optical fiber, if it
(a) goes from rarer medium to denser medium
(b) is incident at an angle less than the critical angle
(c) strikes the interface normally
(d) is incident at an angle greater than the critical angle
(iii) If in core, angle of incidence is equal to critical angle, then angle of refraction will be
(a) 0° (b) 45°
(c) 900(d) 180°
(iv) In an optical fibre (shown), correct relation for refractive indices of core and cladding is

(a) n1 = n2 (b) n1 > n2

(c) n1 < n2 (d) n1 + n2 = 2
(v) If the value of critical angle is 30° for total internal reflection from given optical fibre, then
speed of light in that fibre is
(a) 3 x 108 m s-1(b) 1.5 x 108 m s-1
(c) 6 x 108 m s-1(d) 4.5 x 108 m s-1
Answer:
i ii iii iv v
d d c b b
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

7. A compound microscope is an optical instrument used for observing highly magnified images of
tiny objects.Magnifying power of a compound microscope is defined as the ratio of the angle
subtended at the eye by the final image to the angle subtended at the eye by the object, when both
the final image and the object are situated at the least distance of distinct vision from the eye. It can
be given that:m=me×mo=me×mo where me is magnification produced by eye lens and mo is
magnification produced by objective lens. Consider a compound microscope that consists of an
objective lens of focal length 2.0 cm and an eyepiece of focal length 6.25 cm separated by a
distance of 15 cm.

(i) The object distance for eye-piece, so that final image is formed at the least distance of distinct
vision, will be
(a) 3.45 cm (b) 5.cm
(c) 1.29 cm (d) 2.59 cm

(ii) How far from the objective should an object be placed in order to obtain the condition
described in part(i)?
(a) 4.5 cm (b) 2.5 cm
(c) 1.5 cm (d) 3.0 cm

(iii) What is the magnifying power of the microscope in case of least distinct vision?
(a) 20 (b) 30
(c) 40 (d) 10

(iv) The intermediate image formed by the objective of a compound microscope is

(a) real, inverted and magnified (b) real, erect, and magnified
(c) virtual, erect and magnified (d) virtual, inverted and magnified

(v) The magnifying power of a compound microscope increases with

(a) the focal length of objective lens is increased and that of eye lens is decreased
(b) the focal length of eye lens is increased and that of objective lens is decreased
(c) focal lengths of both objects and eyepiece are increased
(d) focal lengths of both objects and eyepieces are decreased.

Answer:
i ii iii iv v

b b a a b
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

8. Power (P) of a lens is given by reciprocal of the focal length (f) of the lens i.e., P= 1/f, where f is
in meter and power is in diopter. Power a convex lens, power is positive and for a concave lens,
power is negative. When a number of thin lenses of power P1, P2,P3,……. are held in contact with
each other, the power of the combination is given by the algebraic sum of the power of all the
lenses (P = P1+ P2+P3+…….).

1. Two convex lenses are separated by distance d and kept co-axially and then kept in contact co-
axially with each other. The focal length of the combination
a) remains the same b) different
c) decreases d) none

2. If two lens of power +1.5D and +1.0D are place in contact, then the effective power of
combination will be
a) 2.5 D b) 1.5 D
c) 0.5 d) 3.25 D

3. If the power of a lens is + 5D diopter, what is the focal length of the lens?
a) 10 cm b) 20 cm
c) 15 cm d) 5 cm

4. Two thin lenses of focal +10 cm and -5 cm are kept in contact. The power of the combination is
a) -10D b) -20D
c) 10 D d) 15 D

5. A convex lens of focal length 25 cm is place co-axially in contact with a concave lens of focal
length 20 cm. The system will be
a) Converging in nature b) diverging in nature
c) a or b d) none

answer:

i. ii. iii. iv. v.

b A b C B
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

9. Total internal reflection is the phenomenon of reflation of light in denser medium at the interface
of medium with a rarer medium. For this phenomenon to occur necessary condition is that light
must travel from denser to rarer and angle of incidence is denser medium must be greater than
critical angle (C) for the pair of media in contact. Critical angle depends on nature of medium and
wavelength of light. We can show that μ = 1 / Sin(C).

1. Critical angle for glass air interface is……( where μ of glass is 3/2).
a) 41.8 deg b) 60 deg
c) 30 deg d) 15 deg

2. Critical angle for water air interface is 48.6 deg. What is the RI of water?
a) 1 b) 1.5
c) 1.3 d) 0.75

3. Critical angle for air water interface for violet colour is 49 deg. Its value for red colour would be
a) 49 deg b) 50 deg
c) 48 deg d) can not say

4. Which of the following is not due to total internal reflection?

a)Working of optical fiber
b) Difference between apparent and real depth of a pond.
c) Mirage on the hot summer days.
d) Brilliance of diamond.

5. Critical angle of glass is θ1 and that water θ2. The critical angle for water and glass surface
would be (μg =1.5 &μw = 1.3).
a) Less than θ1 b) greater than θ2
c) between θ1 and θ2 d) none

answer:

i. ii. iii. iv. v.

a C c B C
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

10. The telescope is used to provide angular magnification of distant objects. It also has an
objective and an eyepiece. But here, the objective has a large focal length and a much larger
aperture than the eyepiece. Light from a distant object enters the objective and a real image is
formed in the tube at its second focal point. The eyepiece magnifies this image producing a final
inverted image. The magnifying power m is the ratio of the angle β subtended at the eye by the
final image to the angle α which the object subtends at the lens or the eye. The main considerations
with an astronomical telescope are its light gathering power and its resolution or resolving power.
The former clearly depends on the area of the objective. With larger diameters, fainter objects can
be observed. The resolving power, or the ability to observe two objects distinctly, which are in very
nearly the same direction, also depends on the diameter of the objective. So, the desirable aim in
optical telescopes is to make them with objective of large diameter. Further, it is rather difficult and
expensive to make such large sized lenses which form images that are free from any kind of
chromatic aberration and distortions. For these reasons, modern telescopes use a concave mirror
rather than a lens for the objective. Telescopes with mirror objectives are called reflecting
telescopes. They have several advantages. First, there is no chromatic aberration in a mirror.
Second, if a parabolic reflecting surface is chosen, spherical aberration is also removed.

i. An astronomical telescope consists of thin lenses,36cm apart and has a magnifying power 8. The
focal lengths of objective and eyepiece are
a. Focal length of objective is 32cm and that of eyepiece is 4cm
b. Focal length of objective is 4 cm and that of eyepiece is 32cm
c. Focal length of objective is 8cm and that of eyepiece is 4cm
d. Focal length of objective is 4 cm and that of eyepiece is 8cm

ii. Two stars have an actual separation of one minute of arc. If the magnifying power of the
telescope is 8 then the angle of separation as seen through telescope is
a. 1.65’ b. 1.85’
c. 4’ d. 8’
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

iii. The final image formed in an astronomical telescope with respect to the object is o
a. real, inverted
b. real, erect
c. virtual, erect
d. virtual, inverted

iv. The characteristic feature of light which remains unaffected on refraction is

a. Speed
b. Frequency
c. Wavelength
d. Velocity of light

v. An astronomical refracting telescope will have larger angular magnification and high angular
resolution, when it has an objective lens of
a. Large focal length and large diameter
b. Large focal length and small diameter
c. small focal length and large diameter
d. Small focal length and small diameter

Answer:

a. ii. iii. iv. v.

a D d B A
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

11. Sparking Brilliance of Diamond: The total internal reflection of the light is used in polishing
diamonds to create a sparking brilliance. By polishing the diamond with specific cuts, it is adjusted
the most of the light rays approaching the surface are incident with an angle of incidence more than
critical angle. Hence, they suffer multiple reflections and ultimately come out of diamond from the
top. This gives the diamond a sparking brilliance.

i. Light cannot easily escape a diamond without multiple internal reflections. This is because:
a) Its critical angle with reference to air is too large
b) Its critical angle with reference to air is too small
c) The diamond is transparent
d) Rays always enter at angle greater than critical angle

ii. The critical angle for a diamond is 24.4o. Then its refractive index is
a) 2.42
b) 0.413
c) 1
d) 1.413

iii. The basic reason for the extraordinary sparkle of suitably cut diamond is that
a) It has low refractive index
b) It has high transparency
c) It has high refractive index
d) It is very hard

iv. A diamond is immersed in a liquid with a refractive index greater than water. Then the critical
angle for total internal reflection will
a) will depend on the nature of the liquid
b) decrease
c) remains the same
d) increase

v. The following diagram shows same diamond cut in two different shapes. The brilliance of
diamond in the second diamond will be:
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

a) less than the first

b) greater than first
c) same as first
d) will depend on the intensity of light

Answer:

i. ii. iii. iv. v.

b A c D A
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

12.Optical fibres: Now-a-days optical fibres are extensively used for transmitting audio and video
signals through long distances. Optical fibres too make use of the phenomenon of total internal
reflection. Optical fibres are fabricated with high quality composite glass/quartz fibres and its
refractive index about 1.7. Each fibre consists of a core and cladding. The refractive index of the
material of the core is higher than that of the cladding. An optical fibre is a hair-thin long stand of
quality glass or quartz surrounded by a glass coating of slightly lower refractive index. It is used as
a guided medium for transmitting an optical signal from one place to another.

(i) Optical fibres are used for transmitting audio and video signals through long distances because
_______
A. it is cheap
B. it is light weight
C. it is made by quartz
D. very little loss of energy.

(ii) The device which convert one form of energy into another is called _____
A. Rectifier
B. Diode
C. Oscillator
D. Transducer

(iii) The property of light that allows the functionality of an endoscope is ____
A. conservation of energy
B. conservation of momentum
C. light travel in straight path
D. Total internal reflection

(iv) Optical fibres are not useful for ______

A. Computer Networking
B. Surgery and dentistry
C. Internet
D. Haze Photography

(v) The outer concentric shell in fiber optic is called _______

A. cladding
B. core
C. coat
D. mantle

Answer

i. ii. iii. iv. v.

d d d D A
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

13. A compound microscope consists of two convex lenses-one acts as magnifying lens and is
known as objective lens and another lens is called eyepiece. The two lenses work independently.
Objective lens produces a magnified image of a tiny object O. This image is further modified by an
eyepiece and the final image is magnified by an eyepiece and is seen at least distance of distinct
vision or at infinity that depends on the position of object with respect to eyepiece.

Q1. What type of image is produced by an objective?

A. erect, virtual &diminished
B. Real, inverted &magnified
C. Real, inverted &diminished
D. virtual ,inverted& magnified

Q2. Where would the first image have to be produced by the objective lens relative to eyepiece
such that second magnified image is formed at infinity?
A. At focus of Objective lens
B. At focus of eyepiece lens
C. Between focus and eyepiece
D. Between focus and objective lens

Q3. Where would the first image have to be produced by the objective lens relative to eyepiece
such that second magnified image is formed on the same side of the eyepiece as the first image?
A. At focus of Objective lens
B. At focus of eyepiece lens
C. Between focus and eyepiece
D. Between focus and objective lens

Q4. What is the expression for magnifying power in normal adjustment position?
A. Dv0/u0fe
B. - Dv0 /u0fe
C. 1+ Dv0 /u0fe
D. –v0/u0(1+D/fe)

Q5. What is the expression for magnifying power, when the image is formed at least distance of
distinct vision (D)?
A. Dv0 /u0fe
B. - Dv0 /u0fe
C. 1+ Dv0 /u0fe
D. –v0 /u0 (1+D/fe)

Answer:

i. ii. iii. iv. v.

b b c B D
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

14. the formula or equation giving relationship between the focal length
(f) of lens ,refractive index of material of the lens (n) and radius of its surfaces (R1 & R2) is known
as lens formula
1/f = (n-1)/(1/R1 – 1/R2)

i. The lens maker formula is based upon the assumption (analyzing ,evaluating and creating)
A. The aperture of the lens is small
B. The object is a point object and lies on the principal axis
C. The angle made by the incident ray & reflected ray with the principal axis.
a. (A)&(B)
b. (A)&(C)
c. (B)&(c)
d. (A),(B)& (C)

ii. A double concave lens of refractive index 1.6 has radii of curvature 40cm and 60cm.what will be
its focal length. (Applying)
a. -40cm
b. +40cm
c. +60cm
d. -60cm

iii. A given convex lens of glass (n= 3/2) can behave as concave if it is held in a medium of
refractive index n equals to(Applying)
a. 1
b. 3/2
c. 2/3
d. 7/4

iv. Radius of curvature of a plano convex lens is 15cm and refractive index of the material of the
lens is 1.4.the power of the lens in diopter is(Applying)
a. 1.6
b. 1.566
c. 2.4
d. 2.66

(v) An object is placed at the focus of concave lens having focal length f. What is the
magnification and distance of the image from the optical centre of the lens?
(a) 1
(b) 1/4, f/4
(c) 1/2, f/2
(d) very high,

Answer:
i ii iii iv v
d a d d c
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

15. In order to have large magnifications compound microscope is used.

The lens nearest the object, called the objective, forms a real, inverted, magnified image of the
object. This serves as the object for the second lens, the eyepiece, which functions essentially like
a simple microscope or magnifier, produces the final image, which is enlarged and virtual.
The first inverted image is thus near (at or within) the focal plane of the eyepiece, at a distance
appropriate for final image formation at infinity, or a little closer for image formation at the near
point.
Clearly, the final image is inverted with respect to the original object.
Using tanβ = (h/f0) = (h’/L)
Magnification (mo) due to objective = (h’/h) =(L/f0)

i. The focal lengths of the objective and eye-lens of a microscope are 1 cm and 5 cm respectively.
If the magnifying power for the relaxed eye is 45, then the length of the tube is (Applying)
a. 30cm
b. 25cm
c. 15cm
d. 12cm

ii. In a compound microscope magnification will be large, if the focal length of the eye piece
is(analyzing ,evaluating and creating)
a. Large
b. Small
c. Greater than objective
d. Smaller than objective

iii. Microscope is an optical instrument which( Remembering& understanding)

a. Enlarges the object
b. Increases the visual angle formed by the object at the eye
c. Decreases the visual angle formed by the object at the eye
d. Brings the object nearer
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

iv. If in compound microscope m1 and m2 be the linear magnification of the objective lens and
eye lens respectively, then magnifying power of the compound microscope will be (analyzing
,evaluating and creating)
a. m 1 – m 2
b. m 1 x m2
c. (m 1 + m 2) /2
d. (m 1 + m 2)1/2

(v) For compound microscope fo = 1cm andfe = 2.5cm . An object is placed at distance 1.2 cm from
objective lens. What should be length of microscope for normal adjustment?
(4) 8.5 cm
(b) 8.3 cm
(c) 6.5 cm
(d) 6.3 cm

Answer:
i ii iii iv v
c b b d a
16. An astronomical telescope is an optical instrument which is used for observing distinct images
of heavenly bodies like stars , planets etc. It consist of two lenses. In normal adjustment of
telescope, the final image is formed at infinity. Magnifying power of an astronomical telescope in
normal adjustment is defined as the ratio of the angle subtended at the eye by the final image as
seen through the telescope to the angle subtended at the eye by the object seen directly, when
both the object and the image are at infinity. The magnifying power is given by m =f0/fe. To
increase magnifying power of an astronomical telescope in normal adjustment, focal length of
objective lens should be large and focal length of eye lens should be small.

i. The magnifying power of an astronomical telescope in normal adjustment is 100. The distance
between the objective and eye piece is 101cm. The focal length of the objective and eye piece are
A. 100 cm, 1 cm
B. 1 cm, 100 cm
C. 50 cm, 1 cm
D. 1 cm , 50 cm
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

ii. An astronomical telescope has magnifying power of 10.In normal adjustment position the
distance between the objective and eye piece is 22cm. The focal length of the objective lens is
A. 10cm
B. 15cm
C. 20cm
D. 25cm

iii. To see distant object distinctly we used

A. Simple microscope
B. Compound microscope
C. Telescope
D. Endoscope

iv. In Astronomical telescope compare to eye piece, objective lens has

A. Small focal length
B. Large focal length
C. Negative focal length
D. Zero focal length

v. For large magnifying power of astronomical telescope

A. F0 <<fe
B. F0 = fe
C. F0 >>fe
D. None of these

Answer:

i. ii. iii. iv. v.

A C C B C

17. A prism is a transparent refracting body bounded by plane faces which are inclined to each
other at a particular angle called angle of prism denoted by A . When a ray of light passes through
a prism, it suffers refraction twice and hence the ray deviates through a certain angle from its
original path. The angle between the incident ray and emergent ray is called angle of deviation D
and is related as (i +e =A + D) where I = angle of incidence and e =angle of emergence. The angle
of deviation is also related as D = (μ-1 )A, where μ is refractive index of the material of prism. The
refractive index of the material of the prism is also given by
μ == Sin ( A+Dm)/2Sin A/2
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

i. When light passes through a prism, the angle of deviation will be minimum if
A. i = e
B. Angle of refraction , r = r’
C. Refracted ray inside the prism is parallel to the base of prism
D. All the above

ii. For which colourthe angle of deviation is minimum?

A. Red
B. Blue
C. Violet
D. Yellow

iii. The deviation through the prism is maximum when angle of incidence is
A. 450
B. 700
C. 900
D. 600

iv. The refractive index of the material of an equilateral prism for which the angle of minimum
deviation 600is
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 2

v. A ray of light incident on an equilateral glass prism shows minimum deviation of 30 0. The speed
of light in that prism is
A. 3x108 m/s
B. 2.12x108 m/s
C. 2x108 m/s
D. 1.5x108 m/s
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

ANSWER:

i. ii. iii. iv. v.

D A C C B

ONE MARK QUESTIONS

1. How does the power of a convex lens vary, if the incident red light is replaced by violet
light?
2. Define critical angle for total internal reflection.
3. You are provided with four lenses of focal lengths 1cm, 3cm, 10cm and 100cm. Which two
would you prefer for a microscope and which two for a telescope?
4. An object is placed at the focus of concave lens. Where will its image be formed?
5. A ray of light is normally incident on one face of an equilateral prism. Trace the course of
the ray through the prism and emerging from it.
6. One half of the reflecting surface of a concave mirror is coated with black paint. How will
the image be affected?
7. Why a concave mirror is preferred for shaving?
8. Mirrors in search lights are parabolic and not spherical. Why?
9. An object is placed at the principal focus of a concave lens of focal length f. Where will its
image be formed?
10. A prism of angle 60° gives a minimum deviation of 30°. What is the refractive index of the
material of the prism?
11. An equi-convex lens has refractive index 1.5. Write its focal length in terms of radius of
curvature R?
12. A mirror is turned through 15°. Through what angle will the reflected ray turn?
13. Velocity of light in a liquid is 1.5 x 10 8 m/s and in air, it is 3 x 10 8 m/s. If a ray of light
passes from liquid into the air, calculate the value of critical angle.
14. Why does a convex lens of glass of refractive index 1.5 behave as a diverging lens when
immersed in carbon disulphide of refractive index 1.65?
15. A ray if light is incident on a concave mirror after passing through its center of curvature.
What is the value of angle of reflection?
16. A man stands in front of a mirror of special shape. He finds that his image has a very small
head, a fat body and legs of normal size. What can we say about the shapes of the three arts
of the mirror?
17. In which direction relative to the normal, does a ray of light bend, when it enters obliquely
a medium in which its speed is increased?
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

18. For the same angle of incidence, the angles of refraction in three different media A,B and C
are 15° ,25° and 35°,respectively. In which medium will the velocity of light be minimum?
19. For what angle of incidence, the lateral shift produced by a parallel sided galss slab is
maximum?
20. If a plane glass slab is placed on letters of different colours, the red coloured letters appear
more raised up. Why?
21. Does refraction in a water tank make apparent depth same throughout?
22. The critical angle for glass-air interface is ic. Will the critical angle for glass-water interface
be greater than or less than ic?
23. An air bubble in a jar of water shines brightly. Why?
24. What happens to the shining of diamond if it is dipped in a transparent oil?
25. What type of a lens is a tumbler filled with water?
26. What type of a lens is an air bubble inside water? Give reason also.
27. A lens immersed in a transparent liquid is not visible. Under what condition can this
happen?
28. A lens whose radii of curvature are different is forming the image of an object placed on its
axis. If the lens is placed with its faces reversed, will the position of the image change?
29. What happens to focal length of a convex lens, when it is immersed in water ?
30. How does the focal length of a convex lens change if monochromatic red light is used
instead of violet light?
31. The radii of curvature of both the surfaces of a lens are equal. If one of the surfaces is made
plane by grounding, how will the focal length and power change?
32. A glass prism is held in water. How is the angle of minimum deviation affected?
33. A ray of light is normally incident on one face of an equilateral prism.Trace the course of
the ray through the prism and emerging from it.

ANSWERS FOR ONE MARK QUESTIONS:

1. Power of lens increases.
2. Correct definition.
3. For microscope 1cm and 3cm; for telescope 100cm and 1cm.
4. At infinity.
5.

6. Brightness decreases
7. Enlarged VIRTUAL
8. Produce intense parallel beam) eliminating spherical aberration
9. Given: u = -f, and for a concave lens f = - f, v = ?
1 1 1
a. Calculations: From lens formula, v = f + u
b. On substituting the values and on simplifying, we get, v = -f/2
c. That is image will be formed between optical centre and focus of lens: towards the
side of the object.
 XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

10. Given: A=60°, δm=30°, n = ?

𝐴+𝛿𝑚
sin( )
2
a. Calculations: Use the formula, n= 𝐴 to get n = 1.41
sin ( )
2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
11. Using the formula, f = (n −1) [R − R ] we get, = (1.5 −1) [R − −R]=R
1 2 f
a. ∴ f = R
12. 30°, as the reflected ray turns through twice the angle through which mirror is turned.
13. n=c/v = 1/sinC , therefore, sinC = v/c =1.5 x 10 8 / 3 x 10 8 = 0.5
a. Now, C = sin -1 (0.5) = 30°
𝑛𝑔 1.5
14. This is because n = = 1.65 < 1
𝑛𝑐
a. From lens maker’s formula, 'f ' becomes negative. Therefore, the lens behaves as a
diverging lens.
15. 0°. A ray of through center of curvature is incident normal to the surface of the mirror.
16. (i) The upper part of the mirror is convex.
(ii) The middle part of the mirror is concave.
(iii) The lower part of the mirror is plane.
17. The ray of light bends away from the normal.
18. As m = sini/sinr = c/v or v = sinr/sini *c
For a given angle of incidence, v ∝sinr, vA∝sin15° ,vB∝ sin25° , vC∝ sin35°
But sin15° < sin25°< sin35°.
∴vA<vB<vC .
i.e. the velocity of light is minimum in medium A.
19. For i = 90°, lateral shift is maximum and is equal to the thickness of the slab.
d = t sin( i – r )/ cos r
dmax = t sin(90°- r)/cos r = t cos r/cos r = t.
20. The apparent shift caused by a slab of thickness ‘t’ is given by
d = t( 1 -1/μ )
As the refractive index of the galass is maximum for red light, so red coloured letters are more raised
up.
21. No Apparent depth is maximum for that part of the bottom of the tank which is observed
normally. Apparent depth decreases with increasing obliquity. Due to this unequal
refraction, the flat bottom of the tank appears concave.
22. For glass-air interface, sin ic = 1/aμg
The critical angle i’c for glass water interface is given by
Sin i’c = 1/ wμg
Now wμg<aμg
Sin i’c> Sin ic or i’c>ic
23. Light entering water is totally reflected from the air bubble. For the observer, this light
appears to come from the buble. So it shines.
24. As the critical angle for diamond-oil interface is greater than that for the diamond – air
interface, so the shining of diamond reduces when it is dipped in a transparent oil.
25. It behaves like a biconvex lens.
 XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

26. Air bubble has spherical surface and is surrounded by medium ( water) of higher refractive
index. When light passes from water to air it gets diverged. So air bubble behaves as a
concave lens.
27. When the refractive index of the liquid is same as the lens material, no light will be
reflected by the lens and hence it will not be visible. µ
28. No, the image will be formed at the same position.From lens maker’s formula, 1/f = (μ -1) [
1/R1 –1/R2 ] , it is clear that when we interchangeR1 and R2, the magnitude of‘f’ remains
the same
29. focal length‘f’ of a convex lens is related to its refractive index as
f ∝ 1/(μ -1)
As wμg<aμg , so focal length of a convex lens will increase when it is immersed in water.
30. Focal length, f ∝ 1/(μ -1) As μR<μV , so the focal length of a convex lens will increase
when red light is used.
31. For the original lens: R1 = +R and R2 = -R, so we can write
1/f = ( μ -1) [ 1/R +1/R ] = 2( μ -1)/R.
When one surface is made plane by grounding, we have R1 = +R and R2 = -∞
Therefore, 1/f ’ = ( μ -1) [ 1/R +1/∞ ] =( μ -1)/R
∴ f ‘ / f = 2 or f ‘ = 2f
Thus the focal length becomes double and power becomes one –half.
32. When the prism is held in water,
wμg = Sin (A + dm/2) /SinA/2
As wμg<aμg , so the angle of minimum deviation decreases in water.
33. Total internal reflection.

TWO MARK QUESTIONS

1. An astronomical telescope uses two lenses of powers 10D and 1D. What is its magnifying
power in normal adjustment?
2. Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of the image of an object by a compound
microscope.
3. An illuminated object and a screen are placed 90cm apart. Determine the focal length and
nature of the lens required to produce a clear image on the screen, twice the size of the
object.
4. The near vision of an average person is 25cm. To view an object with an angular
magnification of 10, what should be the power of the microscope?
5. An object is placed at a distance of 36cm from a convex mirror. A plane mirror is placed in
a. between so that the two virtual images so formed coincide. If the plane mirror is at
a distance
b. of 24cm from the object, find the radius of curvature of the convex mirror.
6. Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of the image of an object by a compound
microscope.
7. Derive an expression for the magnifying power of the telescope in normal adjustment.
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

8. Figure shows a cross-section of a ‘light pipe’ made of a glass fibre of refractive index 1.68.
The outer covering of the pipe is made of a material of refractive index 1.44. What is the
range of the angles of incident rays with the axis of the pipe for which total reflections
inside the pipe take place as shown.

r c
i

9. A dentist uses a small concave mirror of focal length 16mm to view a cavity in the tooth of
a patient by holding the mirror at a distance of 8mm from the cavity. Calculate the
magnification.
10. Show that for a concave mirror, a virtual object forms a real image which is always
diminished.
11. A point source of light is placed at the bottom of a lake with refractive index 4/3. Show
that only 17% light can emerge out of the water surface.
12. Why does violet colour deviate more than red in prism?
13. Why is the focal length of an objective in compound microscope little shorter than the focal
length of the eyepiece?
14. You are provided with four lenses of focal length 1 cm, 3cm, 10cm and 100cm. Which two
would you prefer for a microscope and which two for a telescope?
15. Can we increase the range of a telescope by increasing the diameter of its objective?
16. A telescope has been adjusted for the relaxed eye. You are asked to adjust it for the least
distance of distinct vision, then how will you change the distance between the two lenses?
17. The distances of an object and its real image, measured from the focus of a concave mirror,
are a and b respectively. Show that f2 = ab.
18. A ray of light goes from medium 1 to medium 2. velocities of light in the two media are c1
and c2 respectively. For an angle of incidence q in medium 1, the corresponding angle of
refraction in medium 2 is q/2.
i. Which of the two media is optically denser and why?
ii. Establish the relationship between q, c1 and c2.
19. A microscope is focused on a dot at the bottom of a beaker. Some oil is poured into the
beaker to a height of y cm and it is found necessary to raise the microscope through a
vertical distance of x cm to bring the dot again into focus. Express refractive index of oil in
terms of x and y.
20. A ray of light while traveling from a denser to a rarer medium undergoes total reflection.
Derive the expression for the critical angle in terms of the speed of light in the respective
media.
21. Explain the twinkling of stars. Why do the planets not show twinkling effect?

22. Only the stars near the horizon twinkle while those overhead do not twinkle. Why?
23. Show that a convex lens produces an N times magnified image when the objet distances,
from the lens, have magnitudes (f ± f / N). Here f is the magnitude of the focal length of the
lens. Hence find the two values of object distance, for which a convex lens, of power 2.5D,
will produce am image that is four times as large as the object?
 XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

24. Use the lens equation to deduce algebraically what you know otherwise from explicit ray
diagrams. (a) An object placed within the focus of a convex lens produce a virtual and
enlarged image. (b) A concave lens produces a virtual and diminished image independent of
the location of the object.
25. A beam of white light on passing through a hollow prism gives no spectrum. Why?

ANSWERS FOR TWO MARK QUESTIONS

𝑓𝑜 𝑃 − 10
1. M = - = - 𝑃𝑒 = = −10
𝑓𝑒 𝑜 1
2. Draw neat labelled diagram.
3. Given: u + v = 90cm ….. (i)
m = |v| / |u| = 2 or |v| = 2 |u| ….. (ii)
From (i) and (ii), |u| = 30cm, |v| = 60cm
By sign convention, u = - 30cm, v = 60cm
1 1 1
Substituting the values in equation f = v − u and after simplification we get,
f = 20cm (convex lens)
4. Given: D = 25cm, M=10 , P =?
Calculations: Using the formula, M = D / f , we get, f = D/M = 25/10 cm = 0.025m
Now, P = 1 / f (in m) = 1 / 0.025m = 40D
5. The image formed by plane mirror should be at 24cm behind the mirror or 12cm behind
the convex mirror. For no parallax between the images formed by the two mirrors, the
image formed by the convex mirror should also be at I. Therefore, for convex mirror
u = -36cm, v =12cm. So, f = 18 cm and R = 36cm
6. Neat and labeled diagram.
7. Correct ray diagram and derivation of the equation M = - fo / fe
8. Given: n2 =1.68 , n1 =1.44, imax = ?
𝑛 1 𝑛 1.44
Calculations: As n = 𝑛2 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐶 ∴ sin C = 𝑛1 = 1.68 = 0.8571 So, C = sin -1 (0.8571) =59°
1 2
Total internal reflection would take place when i> C i.e., i>59° or when r<rmax , where
rmax= 90°- C = 90° - 59° = 31°
𝑆𝑖𝑛 (𝑖)
As 𝑆𝑖𝑛 (𝑟)𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1.68∴𝑆𝑖𝑛 (𝑖)𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1.68 𝑆𝑖𝑛 (𝑟)𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1.68 x sin 31° = 1.68 x 0.5156= 0.8662
𝑚𝑎𝑥
∴𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑥 = sin -1 (0.8662) = 60°
9. Given: u = -8mm, f = - 16mm, m = ?
1 1 1 1 1 1
Calculations: v = f − u = −16 − −8 = 16∴ v = 16 mm
Now, |m| = v /u = 16/8 = 2
1 1 1
10. v + u = f . Here, 'u' is positive, 'f ' is negative, v =?
1 1 1 𝑓𝑢
Giving signs to u, v and f, we have + u = −f or v = −{ 𝑓+𝑢 } which is negative.
v
1
Also, |m| = |v /u| = 𝑢 <1 Hence, the image is diminished.
[ +1]
𝑓
 XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

11. The fraction of light energy that can escape is the fraction
of the solid angle which allows it to pass without total
internal reflection.
1
Let the critical angle be C, so that, sin C = 𝑛 where ‘n’ is C
the refractive index of water. C
2𝜋 1 1
Fraction of solid angle = 4𝜋 (1 − cosC) =2 − 2 √1 − sin2 C
1 1 1 1×3 4 2
= 2 − 2𝑛 √n2 − 1 = 2 − 2×4 √( 3 ) − 1 = 0.17= 17%
𝑏 𝑐
12. For a prism, δ = (n – 1)A and 𝑛 = 𝑎 + 𝜆2 + 𝜆4 + ⋯
13. This is done so that the objective lens forms image within the focal length of the
eyepiece.
14. (i) We should take f0 =1 cm and fe = 3cm for a microscope.
(ii) We should take f0 = 100 cm and fe = 1 cm for a telescope.
15. Yes, because the light gathering power of objective will increase and even faint objects
will become visible.
16. For relaxed eye,
L = f0 + fe (normal adjustment)
For least distance of distinct vision,
L’ = f0 + ue ,ue<fe
Therefore, L’ < L. so that distance between the two lenses should be decreased.
17. Here u = - (f+a), v = -(f+b), f = -f
As 1/f = 1/u +1/v
F = uv/ u + v
Or -f = [-(f+a)] x [-(f+b)] / -(f+a) – f(a+b)
= f2 + af +bf +ab / -(2f+a+b)
or 2 f2 + af +bf = f2 + af +bf +ab
or f2 = ab

18. (i) Angle of refraction (θ/2) in medium 2 is less than the angle of incidence (θ) in
medoum 1 i.e. the ray bends towards the normal in medium 2. so medium 2 is optically
denser than medium 1.
(ii) From Snell’s law,
m = sin i/sin r = sin θ/ sin θ/2 = 2sin θ/2 cos θ/2 /sin θ/2 = 2 cos θ/2
Also μ = c1 / c2
hence 2 cos θ/2 = c1 /c2 or θ = 2cos-1(c1 / 2c2) .
19. Real depth = y cm
Apparent depth = y- x cm
Refractive index of oil,
μ = real depth/ apparent depth = y / y-x
 XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

20. Using Snell’s Law for refraction from glass to air,

Sin i/sin r = gμa = v / c
Where c is the speed of light in air and v is the speed of light in glass, In the consition of critical
incidence, we have
i = ic and r = 900 Sin ic/ sin 900 = v / c or Sin ic = v / c
Or ic = sin -1 ( v / c)
21. Twinkling of stars. The light from stars undergoes refraction continuously before it
reaches earth. So the apparent position of the stars is slightly different than its actual
position. Due to variation in atmosphere conditions, like change in temperature, density
etc., and this apparent position keeps on changing. The amount of light entering our
eyes from a particular star increases and decreases randomly with time. Sometimes, the
star appears brighter andother times, it appears fainter. This gives rise to the twinkling
effect of stars. The planets do not show twinkling effect. As the planets are much closer
to the earth, the greater and the fluctuations caused in the amount of light due to
atmospheric refraction are negligible as compared to the amount of light received from
them.
22. Ans. Light from the stars near the horizon reaches the earth obliquely through the
atmosphere. Its path changes due to refraction. Frequent atmospheric disturbances
change the path of light and cause twinkling of stars. Light from the stars overhead
reaches the earth normally. It does not suffer refraction. There is no change in its path.
Hence there is no Twinkling effect
23. Magnification produced by any lens,
m = v/u = f / f + u
given m = ± N ±N = f / f + u
or f + u = ± f / N or u = - f ± f / N
hence magnitude of object distances,
|u| = f ± f / N
given P = 1/f = + 2.5 D
f = 1/ 2.5 = 0.4 m = 40 cm
Also N = 4
|u| = 40 ± 40/4 = 40 ± 10 = 50 cm or 30 cm.
 XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

24. (a) for a convex lens, f>>0 and for an object on left, u<0. when the object is placed
within the focus of a convex lens,
0 < |u| < f or 0< 1 / |u| > 1/f
1/v = 1/f+1/u=1/f-1/|u|<0
i.e. v < 0 so a virtual image is formed on left.
Now as u<0 and v<0, so 1/v = 1/f + 1/u
= - 1/ |v| = 1/f – 1/|u| or 1/|u| - 1/|v| = 1/f
As f>0
1/|u| - 1/|v| > 0 or 1/|u| > 1/|v| or |u|<|v|
i.e. |v|>|u| |m| = |v/u| > 1
Hence image is enlarged.
(b) For a concave lens f<0 and for an object on left, u<0
1/v = 1/f +1/u = 1/|f| - 1/|u|
= - [1/|f|+1/|u|] < 0 for all u.
i.e. v<0 for all values of u. hence a virtual image is formed on the left.
Also 1/|v| = 1/|f| + 1/|u| 1/|v| > 1/|u|
Or |v|<|u| |m| = |v/u| < 1
i.e. the image is diminished in size.
25. A hollow prism contains air which does not cause dispersion. The faes AB and AC of
the hollow prism behave like parallel sides of glass plates. The beam is laterally
deviated at each of the two refracting faces. However, the rays of different colours
emerge parallel to each other. So there is no dispersion.

3 MARK QUESTIONS
1. Derive an expression for the magnifying power of the telescope in normal adjustment.
2. Obtain an expression for the effective focal length of two thin lenses placed in contact coaxially
with each other.
3. A ray of light is incident at an angle of incidence ‘i’ on one surface of a prism of small angle
‘A’ and it is found to emerge normally from the opposite surface. If the refractive index of the
material of the prism is ‘n’ , calculate the angle of incidence.
4. The bottom of a container is a 4.0 cm thick glass. (m=1.5) slab. The container contains two
immiscible liquids And B of depths 6.0 cm and 8.0 cm respectively. What is the apparent
position of a scratch on the outer surface of the bottom of the glass slab when viewed through
the container? Refractive indices of A and B are 1.4 and 1.3 respectively.
5. The refractive index of water is 4/3. Obtain the value of the semivertical angle of the cone
within which the entire outside view would be confined for a fish under water. Draw an
appropriate ray diagram.
6. A lens forms a real image of an object. The distance of the object to the lens is 4 cm and the
distance of the image from the lens is v cm. The given graph shows the variation of v with u. (i)
What is the nature of the lens? (ii) Using this graph, find the focal length of this lens.
 XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

7. A ray of light passes through an equilateral glass prism, such that the angle of incidence is
equal to the angle of emergence. If the angle of emergence is ¾ times the angle of the prism,
Calculate the refractive index of the glass prism.
8. Obtain an expression for the effective focal length of two thin lenses placed in contact coaxially
with each other.
9. Using the data given below, state which two of the given lenses willbe preferred to construct a
(i) telescope (ii) Microscope. Also indicatewhich is to be used as objective and as eyepiece in
each case.
Lenses Power (p) Apetune (A)
L1 6D 1 cm
L2 3D 8 cm
L3 10 D 1 cm
10. A ray of light incident on the horizontal surface of a glass slab at 70° justgrazes the adjacent
vertical surface after refraction. Compute the criticalangle and refractive index of glass.
11. A convex and a concave mirror each of radius 10cm, are placed facing eachother and 15cm
apart, as shown in figure. A point object is placed midwaybetween them. Find the position of
the final image if the reflection takesplace first at the concave mirror and then at the convex
mirror.
12. Explain with reason, how the resolving power of a compoundmicroscope will change when (i)
frequency of theincident light on the objective lens isincreased. (ii) focal length of the
objectivelens is increased. (iii) aperture of objectivelens is increased.
13. Three rays of light red (R) green (G) and blue (B) are incidenton the surface of a right angled
prism as shown in figure.The refractive indices for the material of the prism for redgreen and
blue are 1.39, 1.43 and 1.47 respectively. Tracethe path of the rays through the prism. How will
thesituation change if the rays were falling normally on one ofthe faces of an equilateral prism?

14. In the given diagram, a ray of light undergoes total internalreflection at the point C which is on
the interface of twodifferent media A and B with refractive indices1.7 and 1.5respectively. What is
the minimum value of angle ofincidence? Can you expect the ray of light to undergo totalinternal
reflection when it falls at C at the same angle ofincidence while entering from B to A. Justify your
answer?
 XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

15. For the same angle of incidence, the angles of refraction in three differentmedia A,B and C are
15° ,25° and 35°,respectively. In which medium will thevelocity of light be minimum?
16. A microscope is focused on a dot at the bottom of a beaker. Some oil is poured into the
beaker to a height of y cm and it is found necessary to raise the microscope through a
vertical distance of x cm to bring the dot again into focus. Express refractive index of oil in
terms of x and y.

ANSWERS OF 3 MARK QUESTIONS:

1. Labelled ray diagram and derivation.(Refer section important 3 & 5 marks
derivations).
2. Labelled ray diagram and derivation(Refer section important 3 & 5 marks derivations).
3. 3. For refraction through a prism: we have A
a. ⦟i +⦟e =⦟ A + ⦟δ
b. But, ⦟e = 0 i
c. ∴⦟i =⦟ A + ⦟δ
d. Also, δ = (n – 1)A
e. ∴⦟i = A +(n – 1)A = n A B
C
4. The total apparent shift in the position of the image due to all the three media is
given by
d = t1[1-1/(μ1)+ t2[1-1/(μ2)+ t3[1-1/(μ3)
Given t1 = 4.0 cm,t2=6.0 cm , t3 =8.0 cm
μ1 = 1.5 , μ2=1.4 , μ3 =1.3 cm
d= 4.0(1-1/1.5)+6.0(1-1/1.4)+8.0(1-1/1.3)
= 1.33 + 1.71 + 1.85 = 4.89 cm
5. Clearly , the fish can see the outside view of the cone with semi vertical angle,
But m = 1 / sin ic
Or 1/3 = 1 / sin ic
Or sin ic = ¾ = 0.75
q/2 = ic = sin-1 (0.75) = 48.60
6. (i) As the lens forms a real iamge, it must be a convex lens.
(ii) From the graph, when u=20 cm , we have v = 20 cm.
For the convex lens forming a real iamge, u is negative and v and f are positive.
U = -20 cm v = +20cm
Using this lens formula,
1/f = 1/v – 1/u = 1/20 – 1/-20 = 1/10 or f = + 10 cm
7. A=600 ,δm=300
i = e = ¾ A = 450 ,
as A + δ = i + e
60 + δ = 45 + 45
or δ = 300
Refractive index,
m = sin a+δm /2 /sin A/2 = sin 600+300/2 / sin 600/2
= sin 450/sin300 = 1/√2 / ½ = √2 = 1.414
 XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

8. refer important derivations for 3 & 5 marks

9. For telescope, lens L2 is chosen as objective as it aperture is largest,L3 is chosen as
eyepiece as its focal length is smaller.For microscope lens L3 is chosen as objective
because of its small focallength and lens L1, serve as eye piece because its focal length is
notlarges.
10. From figure, for total internal reflection at B,
r + C = 90° , r = 90° - C
According to Snell’s law
N = sin i/sin r = sin 700/sin (700 – C) = sin 700/cos C
Also, n = 1/sin C
So, sin 700/cos C = 1/sin C or sin C/cos C = 1/ sin 700
Or tan C = 1/0.9397 = 1.0642
Or C = tan-1( 1.0642) = 46047’
Also n = 1/sin C = 1/ 46047’ = 1/0.7288 = 1.372

11. For the concave mirror

f = -10/2 = -5 cm, u=P1O= -7.5cm
From mirror formula,
1/v = 1/f – 1/u = 1/-5 + 1/7.5 = - 1/15
Or v = -15cm, which is P1I
Thus image of object is formed by concave
mirror at the pole of convex mirror. Hence,
final image is formed at the pole of convex 15 cm
mirror, just behind P2.

12. Resolving power (RP) of a compound microscope

(i) When frequency v increases, R.P. increases
(ii) R.P. does not change with change in focal length ofobjective lens.
(iii) When aperture increases, increases R.P. increases
13. Calculate the critical angle for each n=1/sinc, n increases cdecreases,diagram,blue light.
14. Use sin C = nr /nd = 0.88 and C=61.
so i=61.80.
no for TIR ray of light musttravel from denser to rarer from B to A
15. As m = sini/sinr = c/v or v = sinr/sini x c
For a given angle of incidence, v ∝ sinr, vA∝ sin15° , vB ∝sin25° , vC ∝ sin35°
But sin15° < sin25°< sin35°.
vA < vB < vC .
i.e. the velocity of light is minimum in medium A.
16. Real depth = y cm
Apparent depth = y- x cm
Refractive index of oil,
μ = real depth/ apparent depth = y / y-x
 XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

5 MARK QUESTIONS

1. Derive the relation between distance of object, distance of image and radius of curvature of
a convex spherical surface, when refraction takes place from a rater medium of refractive
index to a denser medium of refractive index and the image produced is real. State
assumptions and convention of signs used.
2. (a)With the help of a neat labelled ray diagram derive anexpression for the refractive index
of the material of prism.
(b) A ray of light passes through an equilateral glass prism, such that the angle ofincidence is equal to
the angle of emergence. If the angle of emergence is ¾ timesthe angle of the prism, Calculate the
refractive index of the glass prism.
3. (a) With the help of a ray diagram, show the formation of image of apoint object by
refraction of light at a convex spherical (convex)surface separating two media of refractive
indices n1 and n2(n2> n1)respectively. Using this diagram, derive the relationAlso write the
sign conventions used and assumptions.
b) small object is placed 45 cm from a convex refracting surface of radius ofcurvature 15 cm. If the
surface separates air from glass of refractive index 1.5,find the position of the image. Also,
determine the first and second principalfocal lengths.
4. (a) With the help of a neat labelled ray diagram derive lens maker’sformula.
(b) A ray of light goes from medium 1 to medium 2. velocities of light in the two media are v1 and
v2respectively. For an angle of incidence q in medium 1, the corresponding angle of refraction in
medium 2 is ө/2.(i) Which of the two media is optically denser and why?
(ii) Establish the relationship between ө, v1 and v2.
5. (a) With the help of a neat and labeled ray diagram, explain theworking of a compound
microscope. Also derive an expression for itsmagnifying power.
(b) Why is the focal length of an objective in compound microscope little shorter than the focal length
of theeyepiece?
6. (a) Draw ray diagram for astronomical telescope with image at nearpoint. Derive
expression for magnification.
(b) A ray of light goes from medium 1 to medium 2. velocities of light in the two media are v1 and v2
respectively.For an angle of incidence q in medium 1, the corresponding angle of refraction in
medium 2 is ө/2.
(i) Which of the two media is optically denser and why?
(ii) Establish the relationship between ө, v1 and v2.

ANSWERS TO 5 MARK QUESTIONS

1. Labelled ray diagram and derivation. (Refer section important 3 & 5 marks derivations).
 XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

2. (a)Labelled ray diagram and derivation. (Refer section important 3 & 5 marks derivations).
(b) A=600 ,δm=300
i = e = ¾ A = 450
as A + δ = i + e
60 + δ = 45 + 45
or δ = 300
Refractive index,
m = sin a+δm /2 /sin A/2 = sin 600+300/2 / sin 600/2
= sin 450/sin300 = 1/√2 / ½ = √2 = 1.414
3. (a) Labelled ray diagram and derivation. (Refer section important 3 & 5 marks derivations).
(b) Distance of object, u = -45 cm
Radius of curvature, R = +15 cm
μ2 = 1.5
μ2 = 1
As the object lies in the rarer medium
μ2/v – μ1/u = μ2 – μ1/ R
[1.5/v] – [1/(-45)] = 0.5/15
= 1/30
1.5/v = 1/30 – 1/45
1.5/v = 1/90
v = 135 cm
Thereforeposition of the image would be at 135 cm.
First principal focal length is given by
f1 = - μ1R/[μ2–μ1]
= – (1×15)/0.5
= -30 cm
Second principal focal length is given by
f2 = - μ2R/[μ2–μ1]
= – (1.5×15)/0.5
= -45 cm
From the above observation we conclude that, the first focal length would be at distance -30 cm
and second focal length would be at distance -45 cm.
 XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

4. (a)Labelled ray diagram and derivation. (Refer section important 3 & 5 marks derivations).
Case (i): When the image is real,
m = -4
So, v/u = -4 or v = -4u
Now, 1/f = 1/v – 1/u
So, 1/20 = – (1/4u) – (1/u)
= – (1/u) [1+(1/4)]
Or, 1/20 = – (5/4u)
Or, u = (-20)× (5/4)
= -25 cm
From the above observation we conclude that, the distance of the object if the image
obtained is magnified 4 times would be -25 cm.
Case (ii): When the image is virtual, m = +4
So, v/u = +4 or v = +4u
Again, 1/f = 1/v – 1/u
= (1/4u) – (1/u)
So, 1/20 = (1/u) [(1/4) – 1]
1/20 = -(3/4u)
Or, u = (-20) (3/4) = -15 cm
From the above observation we conclude that, the distance of the object if the image
obtained is magnified 4 times would be -15 cm.

5. (a)Labelled ray diagram and derivation. (Refer section important 3 & 5 marks derivations).
(b). This is done so that the objective lens forms image within the focal length of the eyepiece.
6. (a)Labelled ray diagram and derivation. (Refer section important 3 & 5 marks derivations).
(b). (i) Angle of refraction (θ/2) in medium 2 is less than the angle of incidence (θ) in medoum 1 i.e.
the ray bends towards the normal in medium 2. so medium 2 is optically denser than medium 1.
(ii) From Snell’s law,
m = sin i/sin r = sin θ/ sin θ/2 = 2sin θ/2 cos θ/2 /sin θ/2 = 2 cos θ/2
Also μ = c1 / c2
hence 2 cos θ/2 = c1 /c2 or θ = 2cos-1(v1 / 2v2) .

SELF ASSESSMENT PAPER

SUBJECT:PHYSICS THEORY
Ray optics and Optical instruments
Maximum marks:70 Time allowed:3
hours
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

General Instructions:
(i) The Question paper contains 45 questions. All questions are compulsory.
(ii) The question paper is divided in to 7 sections: Section A, B,C,D,E ,F and G.
(iii) Section A–Question numbers 1 to 16 are Multiple Choice (MCQ) type
questions. Each question carries 1 mark.
(iv)Section B-Question numbers 17 to 19 are Very Short Answer type questions.
Each question carries 2 marks.
(v)Section C-Question numbers 20 to 24 areVery Short Answer type questions.
Each question carries 1 mark.
(vi)Section D-Question numbers 25 and 26 are Case Based type questions. Each
question carries 4 marks.
(vii)Section E -Question numbers 27 and 28 are Short Answer type questions.
Each question carries 3 mark.
(viii)Section F-Question numbers 29 to 42 are Multiple Choice (MCQ) type
questions. Each question carries 1 mark.
(ix)Section G-Question numbers 43 to 45 areLong Answer type questions. Each
question carries 5marks.
(x)There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in
few questions in all sections except Section A and Section F.

(xi) Use of calculator is NOT allowed.

Section A
1. In order to increase the angular magnification of a simple microscope, one should increase
(i) The object size
(b) The aperture of the lens
(c) The focal length of the lens
(d) The power of the lens
2. A converging lens of focal length f is used as simple microscope. If the least distance of distinct
vision of the observer is Dand the lens is held close to the eye, the magnifying power of the lens is
(a) D / 2 f
(b) f/D
(c)(D/f)-1
(d)D/f
3. Magnification of a compound microscope is 30. Focal length of eyepiece is 5 cm and the image
is formed at a distance of distinct vision of 25 cm. The magnification of the objective lens is
(a) 6
(b) 5
(c) 7.5
(d) 10
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

4.The wavelength of sodium light in air is 5890 Å The velocity of light in air 3 x108 m /s .The
wavelength of light in a glass of refractive index 1.6 would be close to
a) 58900 A.
(b) 36810 Á
(c) 94240 À
(d) 15070 Å
5. What will be the magnifying power and length of an astronomical telescope whose objective is
of 3 m focal length and eyepiece is of 1.25 cm focal length?
(a) 240 and 120 cm
(b) 240 and 301.25 cm
(c) 301.25 and 240 cm
(d) 240 and 150 cm
6. If an object is placed at a distance of 10 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length20 cm,
the image formed will be
(a)real and 20cm in front of the mirror
(b) real and6.67cm in front of the mirror
© virtualand 20cm in behind the mirror
(d) virtualand 6.67cm in behind the mirror
7. The magnifying power of a telescope is 9. When it is adjusted for parallel rays, the distance
between the objective and the eyepiece is found to be 20 cm. The focal length of lenses is
(a) 18 cm. 2 cm.
(c) 10 cm, 10 cm
(b) 11 cm, 9.cm
(d) 15 cm, 5 cm
8. An astronomical telescope of tenfold angular magnification has a length of 44 cm. The focal
length of the objective lens is
(a) 4 cm
(6) 44 cm
(c) 40 cm
(d) 440 cm
9. A telescope with objective of focal length 60 cm and eyepiece of focal length 5 cm is focused on
a far of distance object such that parallel rays emerge from the eyepiece. If object subtends an
angle of 20 on the objective, angular width of the image will be
(4) 10°
(b) 30°
(c) 24°
(d) 60
10. A ray of light is incident on the surface of separation of a medium with velocity of light at an
angle 450 and is refracted in the medium at an angle 300. What will be the velocity of light in the
medium?
(a) 1.96 x10 3 m / s
(b) 3.18 x10 8m / s
(c) 2.12 x 108 m / s
(d) 3.3 x 10 8 m / s
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

11. Three rays of light, namely red (R), green (G) and blue (B) are incident on the face PQ of a
right angled prism PQR as shown in the figure. The refractive indices of the material the prism for
red,

green, blue wavelengths are 1.27, 1.42 and 1.49, respectively. The color of the ray(s) emerging out
of the face PR is
(a) blue
b) red
(c) green
(d) blue and green
12. A convex lens is making full image of an object. If half of lens is covered by an opaque object,
then
(a) half image is not seen
(b) full image of same intensity is seen
(c) half image of same intensity is seen
(d) full image of decreased intensity is seen.
For questions number 13 to 16, wo statements are given one labeled Assertion (A) and the do
16 labeled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (A), (B),
(C) and (D) as given below:
(A) If both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation
of Assertion (A).
(B) If both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(C) If Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false.
(D) If both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are false.
13.Assertion. The edges of the images of white object formed by a concave mirror on the screen
appear white.
Reason. Concave mirror does not suffer from chromatic aberration.
14. Assertion: A total reflecting prism is used to erect the inverted image without deviation.
Reason:Rays of light incident parallel to base of prism emerge out as parallel rays.
15. Assertion: If objective and eye lenses of a microscope are interchanged, then it can work as
telescope.
Reason: The objective lens of a telescope has small focal length
16.Assertion : The refractive index of diamond is √6 and that of liquid is √3. If the light travels
from diamond to the liquid, it will totally reflect when the angle of incidence is 300.
Reason: μ =1/sinC where μ is the refractive index of diamond with respect to liquid.
SECTION B
17.An illuminated object and a screen are placed 90cm apart. Determine the focal length and
nature of the lens required to produce a clear image on the screen, twice the size of the object.
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

18.Figure shows a cross-section of a ‘light pipe’ made of a glass fibre of refractive index 1.68. The
outer covering of the pipe is made of a material of refractive index 1.44. What is the range of the
angles of incident rays with the axis of the pipe for which total reflections

r
i c

OR
Light of wavelength λ1propagates from medium 1 incident at angle θ1. The angle inside medium 2
is θ2 . What is its wavelength in medium 2?
θ1
medium 1

medium 2 θ2
19.(a) A prism of angle 60° gives a minimum deviation of 30°. What is the refractive index of the
material of the prism?
(b).An equi-convex lens has refractive index 1.5. Write its focal length in terms of radius of
curvature .
SECTION C
20. An object is placed at the principal focus of a concave lens of focal length f. Where will its
image be formed?
21.A concave lens of refractive index 1.5 is immersed in a medium of refractive index 1.65.What is
the nature of the lens?
OR
When light travels from an optically denser medium to a rarer medium, why does the critical angle
of incidence depend on the colour of light ?
22.The focal length of an equiconvex lens is equal to the radius of curvature of either face. What is
the refractive index of the material of the lens ?
23.An astronomical telescope uses two lenses of powers 10D and 1D. What is its magnifying
power in normal adjustment?
24. Draw a ray diagram for the formation of image of an object by a convex mirror.
SECTION D
CASE BASED QUESTIONS
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

25.

(i) A light wave of frequency ‘ν’ and wavelength ’λ’ travels from air to glass. Then,
(a) ‘ν’ changes.
(b) ‘ν’ does not change, ‘λ’ changes.
(c) ‘λ’ does not change.
(d) ‘ν’ and ‘λ’ change.
( ii) A beam of monochromatic light is refracted from vaccum into a medium of refractive index
1.5. The wavelength of refracted light will be
(a) same
(b) dependent on intensity of refracted light
(c) larger
(d) smaller
(iii)How does the frequency of a beam of ultraviolet light change when it goes from air into glass
prism?
(a)increases(b)decreases
(c)remains same (d)none of the above
(iv).A glass prism is held in water. How is the angle of minimum deviation affected?
(a) Decreases (b) increases
(c) remains same (d) none of the above.
OR
iv) The angle of prism is 600 and angle of deviation is 300. In the position of minimum deviation,
the angle of incidence ‘i’ and angle of emergence ‘e’ are
(a) i=450,e=500(b) i=300,e=450
(c) i=450,e=450(d) i=300,e=300 .
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

26.

The total internal reflection of the light is used in polishing diamonds to create a sparking
brilliance. By polishing the diamond with specific cuts, it is adjusted the most of the light rays
approaching the surface are incident with an angle of incidence more than critical angle. Hence,
they suffer multiple reflections and ultimately come out of diamond from the top. This gives the
diamond a sparking brilliance.
1. Light cannot easily escape a diamond without multiple internal reflections. This is because:
a) Its critical angle with reference to air is too large
b) Its critical angle with reference to air is too small
c) The diamond is transparent
d) Rays always enter at angle greater than critical angle
2. The critical angle for a diamond is 24.4o. Then its refractive index is-
a) 2.42
b) 0.413
c) 1
d) 1.413
3. The basic reason for the extraordinary sparkle of suitably cut diamond is that
a) It has low refractive index
b) It has high transparency
c) It has high refractive index
d) It is very hard
4. A diamond is immersed in a liquid with a refractive index greater than water. Then the critical
angle for total internal reflection will
a) will depend on the nature of the liquid
b) decrease
c) remains the same
d) increase
OR
4. B The following diagram shows same diamond cut in two different shapes.

Velocity of light in diamond, glass and water decreases in the following order
(a) Water > glass > diamond
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

(b) Diamond > glass > water

(c) Diamond water > glass
(d) Water > diamond > glass

SECTION E
27.A small illuminated bulb is at the bottom of a tank, containing a liquid of refractive index up to
a height H. Find the expression for the diameter of an opaque disc, floating symmetrically on the
liquid surface in order to cut-off the light from the bulb.
OR
Define Total internal reflection. What are the conditions for the total internal reflection to take
place?
28. Draw a graph to show the angle of deviation d with the angle of incidence i for a
monochromatic ray of light passing through a prism of refracting angle A. Deduce the relation
OR
Obtain an expression for the effective focal length of two thin lenses placed in contact coaxially
with each other.

SECTION F
29.(a) With the help of a neat labeled ray diagram derive lens marker’s formula.
(b) A small object is placed 45cm from a convex refracting surface of radius of curvature 15cm. If
the surface separates air from glass of refractive index 1.5, find the position of the image.
OR
(a) With the help of a neat and labelled ray diagram, explain the working of a compound
microscope. Also derive an expression for magnifying power.
(b) The magnifying power of an astronomical telescope in normal adjustment is 100 and distance
between objective and eye lens in 101cm. Find the focal length of objective and eye piece.
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

30.

.
(c) Double-convex lenses are to be manufactured from a glass of refractive index 1.55, with both
faces of the same radius of curvature. What is the radius of curvature required if the focal length of
the lens is to be 20 cm?
OR
a) State two main considerations taken into account while choosing the objective of
astronomical telescope.
b) Draw a ray diagram of reflecting type telescope. State its magnifying power.
c) State the advantages of reflecting type telescope over the refracting type?

31.a)Derive the relation between distance of object, distance of image and radius of curvature of a
Convex spherical surface, when refraction takes place from a rarer medium of refractive index to a
denser medium of refractive index and the image produced is real. State assumptions and
convention of signs used.
b)A thin converging lens of focal length 10 cm and thin diverging lens of focal length 20 cm are
place coaxially in contact. The power of the combination is
OR
(a)Derive an expression for the magnifying power of the telescope in normal adjustment.
(b)You are provided with four lenses of focal lengths 1cm, 3cm, 10cm and 100cm. Which two
would you prefer for a microscope and which two for a telescope ?

SECTION G
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

32. What is the focal length f of the convex lens in the liquid whose refractive index is equal to
refractive index of lens?
a) f=0
b) f=infinity
c) f=100 cm
d) f=1/1.47 cm

33. What is the refractive index of the material of the lens?

a)1.33
b)1.47
c)1/1.47
d) 1.003

34. How does the power of the lens vary, if the incident red light is replaced by violet light?
a) decreases
b) increases
c) remains same .
d) slightly decreases

35. A converging lens is placed in contact with another diverging lens of same focal length. What
is the focal length of the combination?
a) 2f
b) f/2
c) 0
d) infinity

36. When light passes from air to the lens, what happens to the frequency of the light ?
a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Remains the same.
d) In some media frequency increases and in some other media decreases.

37. The refractive index of a converging lens is 1.4. What will be the focal length of this lens if it is
placed in a medium of same refractive index? (Assume the radii of curvature of the faces of lens
are R1 and R2respectively).
(a) (R1R2)/(R1– R2)
(b) zero
(c) 1
d) infinite
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

38. For a given lens, the magnification was found to be twice as large as when the object was 0.15
m distant from it as when the distance was 0.2 m. The power of the lens is
(a) 1.5D
(b) 20D
(c) 10 D
(d) 15D
39. The astronomical telescope consists of objective and eyepiece. The focal length of the objective
is
(a) equal to that of the eyepiece
(b) shorter than that of the eyepiece
(c) greater than that of the eyepiece
(d) five times shorter than that of eyepiece
40. Magnification at least distance of distinct vision of a simple microscope of focal length 5 cm is
(a) 2
(b) 5
(c) 4
(d) 6
41. A good plane mirror reflects 95% of light. What percentage of light reflected when passed
through a totally internally reflecting prism?
(a)100% (b)95%
(c)90% (d)0%
42. In a simple microscope, if the final image is located at 25 cm from the eye placed close to the
lens, then magnifying power is
a)25/f
b)1+(25/f)
c)f/25
d) 25/f+1
43.For the same angle of incidence, the angles of refraction in three different media A, B and C are
150,250and 350respectively. In which medium will the velocity of light be minimum?
a) A
b) B
c) C
d) None of these

44. For compound microscope f0=1 cm, fe =2.5 cm. An object is placed at distance 1.2 cm from
objective lens. What should be length of microscope for normal adjustment?
a) 8.3 cm
(b) 8.5 cm
(c) 6.5 cm
(d) 6.3 cm
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

(45) The focal length of the objective and eyepiece of a telescope are respectively 100 cm and 2
cm. The moon subtends angle of 0.5°, the angle subtended by the moon's image will be
(a) 100
(b) 250
(c) 1000
(d) 75°

SELF ASSESSEMENT PAPER –

MARKING SCHEME
RAY OPTICS AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
1.c
2.d
3.a
4.b
5.b
6.c
7.a
8.c
9.c
10.b
11.b
I3.a
14.c
15.a
16.d
17. Given: u + v = 90cm ….. (i)
m = |v| / |u| = 2 or |v| = 2 |u| ….. (ii)
From (i) and (ii), |u| = 30cm, |v| = 60cm
By sign convention, u = - 30cm, v = 60cm
1 1 1
Substituting the values in equation = v − u and after simplification we get f =
f
20cm (convex lens)
 XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

18. Given: n2=1.68 , n1 =1.44, imax = ?

μ 1 𝑛 1.44
Calculations: As μ = μ μ12 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐶∴sinC = 𝑛1 = 1.68 = 0.8571 So, C = sin -1 (0.8571) =59°
2
Total internal reflection would take place when i> C i.e., i>59° or when r <rmax , where
rmax = 90°- C = 90° - 59° = 31°
𝑆𝑖𝑛 (𝑖)
As 𝑆𝑖𝑛 (𝑟)𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1.68∴𝑆𝑖𝑛 (𝑖)𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1.68 𝑆𝑖𝑛 (𝑟)𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1.68 x sin 31° = 1.68 x 0.5156= 0.8662
𝑚𝑎𝑥
∴𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑥 = sin -1 (0.8662) = 60°
OR
18. Snell’s law says, v2 sin θ1 = v1 sin θ2
The ratio of wavelengths is equal to the ratio of the speeds of light.
∴λ1/λ2 =v1 /v2
wavelength in medium 2, λ2 = (sin θ2 /sin θ1 ) λ1
19. (a) n = sin(A + D) / 2 / (sin(A / 2)) where n is the refractive index at a wavelength A, D is the
angle of minimum deviation, and A is the internal angle of the prism in question given that
A = 600 . D = 300
n = sin 450 / (sin 300)
= 1 / √2 / 1 / 2
= 2 / √2
n = √2
(b) f = R

20. Infinity

21. Diverging lens

OR
Different colors have different wavelength.
22.1/f = μ − 1 /( 1/ R1 − 1/R2) Ans:μ = 1.
23. M = - 10
24. draw neat labelled diagram
25i)b
ii)d
iii)c
iv) A. a
OR
iv) B. c
26 i) b
(ii)a
iii)c
iv) A. d
OR
iv) B. a
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

27

OR
Definition, write two conditions.

28. Draw neat labeled diagram and derivation.

OR
Draw neat labeled diagram and derivation.
29. (a) Draw neat labeled diagram and derivation.
(b) v = 135cm.
OR
a) Draw neat labeled diagram and derivation
b)f=1cm
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

30.
(c) f1 = 30 cm
OR
a)Two considerations, neat labeled diagram& differences
31. (a) Draw neat labeled diagram and derivation.
(b) P = +5D
OR
(a) Draw neat labeled diagram and derivation.
(b) For microscope 1cm and 3cm; for telescope 100cm and 1cm.
32. b
XII/Physics-Support Material/Bengaluru Region/2024-25

33. b
34. b
35. d
36.c
37. d
38. c
39. c
40 .d
41. a
42.b
43. a
44. b
45. b

*************************************************************