SOLUTION

Short Answer Questions

1. Name two ways of measuring the concentration of a solution which are not temperature dependent.

2. Name the law which governs the statement- for a solution of a volatile solute, the mole fraction of the solute
determines the vapour pressure of the solvent".

3. Write down the expression relating elevation of boiling point of a solvent when a solute is dissolved into it to form
a dilute solution and the concentration of solution.

4. What is the equation relating osmotic pressure and number of moles of solute?

5. Why there is an increase in vapour pressure when HgI2 is added to the aqueous KI solution.

6. Why is osmotic pressure considered to be a colligative property?

7. Will the elevation in boiling point be same if 0.1 mole of sodium chloride (NaCl) or 0.1 mole of sugar is dissolved in
one kg of water?

8. Why semipermeable membrane of Cu2[Fe(CN)6] is not used for osmosis in non- aqueous solutions?

10. Why food gets cooked faster in a pressure cooker?

11. Mixing of acetone with chloroform takes place with reduction in volume. What type of deviation from Raoult's
Law is shown in this case?

12. Can we separate the components of an azeotropic mixture by distillation?

13. What will happen if pressure greater than osmotic pressure is applied on the solution side, separated from the
solvent by a semipermeable membrane?

14. Equimolal solutions of sodium chloride and glucose are not isotonic. Explain why?

15. Why is it advised to add ethylene glycol to water in a car radiator while driving in a hill station?

16. Why is greater care taken in intraveneous injections to have comparable concentration of solutions to be
injected to that of blood plasma?

Ans. During intraveneous injections, the concentration of the solution to be injected should be comparable to that
of blood plasma. If the solution is less concentrated, its osmotic pressure will be low. The water will try to move
into the RBC's through the cell membrane due to endosmosis. As a result, the cells will swell up and burst. On the
other hand, if the solution is more concentrated, the water in the cells will try to move outside the cell to the
more concentrated solution due to exosmosis. This causes the cells to shrink and consequently they cease to
function.

17. The osmotic pressure of a 0.25 M urea solution is 2.67 atm. What will be the osmotic pressure of a 0.25 M aq.
solution of potassium sulphate?

18. The elevation of boiling point produced by dilute equimolal solutions of three substances are in the order: A >
Glucose >B. Suggest a reason for this observation.

Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

(i) Elevation in boiling point and osmotic pressure are ……………………….. properties.

(ii) According to Raoult's Law, the relative lowering in vapour pressure is equal to the mole fraction of …………………….

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 (iii) Isotonic solutions have …………………………. osmotic pressure.

(iv) ………………… in boiling point of a solvent is proportional to ……………….. of the solution.

(v) The osmotic pressure of 0.1M cane sugar and 0.1M urea solutions are …………….. at the same temperature.

(vi) The solubility of gases in water ………………… as the pressure increases.

(vii) The solution of benzene and toluene is a/an ……………………. solution.

(viii) Ideal solutions obey ……………………… Law.

(ix) 3 g of a solute of molar mass 30 is dissolved in 250 g of water. The molality of the solution is …………….

(x) Colligative properties of a dilute solution depend upon ………………… of solute present in the solution.

(xi) …………………. solutions of different non-volatile solutes in the same solvent (which neither dissociate nor
associate in solutions) will have same boiling points or freezing points.

(xii) Plant cells shrink when placed in a …………………. solution.

(xiii) Pure water can be obtained from sea water by …………………………..

(χίν) ………………… is known as an anti freeze and is used to depress the freezing point of water used in car radiators.

(χυ) …………….. and …………….. are used to clear snow on roads as they depress the freezing point of water and reduce
the temperature at which ice is expected to be formed.

(xvi) The shrinking of a cell due to flow of water out of the cell is called …………………

(xviii) The …………………. is measured by Ostwald and Walker's method.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

CONCENTRATION
1. What is the mass of the precipitate formed when 50 mL of 16.9% (w/v) solution of AgNO3 is mixed with 50 mL of
5.8% (w/v) NaCl solution? (Ag = 107.3, N = 14, O = 16, Na = 23, Cl = 35.5).
(a) 7 g (b) 14 g (c) 28 g (d) 3.5 g
2. When a solute is present in trace amount, which of the following expression is used?
(a) Milligram% (b) Microgram% (c) Nanogram% (d) parts per million
3. Unit of mole fraction is:
(a) mole/litre (b) mole/litre2 (c) moles – litre (d) nil
4. A mixture has 18 g of water & 414 g ethanol. The mole fraction of water in mixture is: (assume ideal
behaviour of the mixture).
(a) 0.1 (b) 0.4 (c) 0.7 (d) 0.9
5. What is the mole fraction of the solute in a 1.00m aqueous solution?
(a) 0.0354 (b) 0.0177 (c) 0.177 (d) 1.770
6. 2.0 molar solution is obtained when 0.5 mole solute is dissolved in:
(a) 250 mL solvent (b) 250 g solvent (c) 250 mL solution (d) 1000 mL solvent
7. A solution of CaCl2 is 0.5 mol/litre. The the moles of chloride ions in 500 mL will be:
(a) 0.25 (b) 0.50 (c) 0.75 (d) 1.00
8. What is the weight (in g) of Na2CO3 (molar mass = 106) present in 250 mL of its 0.2 M solution:
(a) 0.53 (b) 5.3 (c) 1.06 (d) 10.6
9. What will be the molality of a solution having 18 g of glucose (molecular weight = 180) dissolved in 500g of
water?
(a) 1 mol/kg (b) 0.5 mol/kg (c) 0.2 mol/kg (d) 2 mol/kg
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10. The normality of 0.3 M phosphorous acid (H3PO4) is:
(a) 0.1 N (b) 0.9 N (c) 0.3 N (d) 0.6 N

HENERY’S LAW
1. The relation between solubility of a gas in liquid at constant temperature & external pressure is stated by which
law?
(a) Raoult’s law (b) van’t Hoff Boyle’s law (c) Henry’s law (d)van’t Hoff Boyle’s law
2. Henry’s law is applicable at:
(a) constant volume (b) constant concentration (c) constant pressure (d) constant temperature
3. The statement, “ If 0.003 moles of a gas are dissolved in 900 g of water under a pressure of 1 atm, 0.006 moles will
be dissolved under a pressure of 2 atm”, illustrates:
(a) Graham’s law (b) Daltons law of partial pressure
(c) Henry’s law (d) Henry’s law
4. For the given graph at constant temperature, which gas has the least solubility?

(a) gas – D (b) gas – B (c) gas – C (d) gas - D

5. Among the following gases which gas has the highest Henry’s law constant, KH value in water at the same
temperature?
(a) O2 (b) N2 (c) H2 (d) He
6. Which of the following is false?
(a) Henry’s law is valid if the temperature is not too low.
(b) The gas should not be highly soluble.
(c) The breathing gas used by deep sea divers is the oxygen gas diluted with argon.
(d) People living at high altitudes & climbers suffer anoxia & thus becomes weak.

VAPOUR PRESSURE AND COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES

1. The vapour pressure of acetone at 200C is 185 torr. When 1.2 g of a non-volatile substance was dissolved in 100 g
of acetone at 200C, its vapour pressure was 183 torr. The molar mass (g/mol) of the substance is:
(a) 32 (b) 64 (c) 128 (d) 488
2. In an experiment, 1 g of a non-volatile solute was dissolved in 100 g of acetone (molar mass = 58) at 298 K. The
vapour pressure of the solution was found to be 192.5 mm Hg. The molecular weight of the solute is: (vapour
pressure of acetone = 195 mm Hg)
(a) 25.24 (b) 35.24 (c) 45.24 (d) 55.24
3. On adding solute to a solvent having vapour pressure 0.80 atm, vapour pressure reduces to 0.60 atm. Mole
fraction of solute is:
(a) 0.25 (b) 0.75 (c) 0.50 (d) 0.33
4. Vapour pressure of pure solvent & its solution at certain temperature are 660 mm & 600 mm of Hg, respectively.
If 3.6×10−3 kg of solute is added into 40×10−3 kg of solvent, what is the molar mass of solute? (solvent =
benzene, C = 12, H = 1)
(a) 78.0 g/mol (b) 58.5 g/mol (c) 72.0 g/mol (d) 156 g/mol
5. Heptane & octane form an ideal solution. At 373 K, the vapour pressures of the two liquid components are 105.2
kPa & 46.8 kPa, respectively. What will be the vapour pressure of a mixture of 26.0 g of heptane & 35.0 g of
octane?

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6. Vapour pressure of pure A ( p A ) = 100 mm Hg. Vapour pressure of B ( pB ) = 150 mm Hg. 2 moles of liquid ‘A’ & 3
mole of liquid ‘B’ are mixed to form an ideal solution, the vapour pressure of solution will be:
(a) 135 mm (b) 130 mm (c) 140 mm (d) 145 mm
7. The vapour pressure of water is 12.3 kPa at 300 K. Calculate the vapour pressure of 1 molal solution of a non-
volatile solute in it.
8. The vapour pressure of pure liquids A & B are 450 mm Hg & 700 mm Hg at 350 K respectively. Find the
composition of liquid mixture & also vapours if total vapour pressure is 600 mm Hg.
9. Vapour pressure of pure water at 298 K is 23.8 mm Hg. 50 g of urea (NH2CONH2) is dissolved in 850 g of
water. Calculate the vapour pressure of water for this solution & its relative lowering of vapour pressure.
10. At 310 K, the vapour pressure of an ideal solution containing 2 moles of A & 3 moles of B is 550 mm of Hg.
At the same temperature, if 1 mole of B is added to this solution, the vapour pressure of solution increases by 10
mm of Hg. Calculate the vapour pressure of A and B in their pure state.
11. A solution of glycerol (C3H8O3; molar mass = 92 g/mol) in water was prepared by dissolving some glycerol
in 500 g of water. This solution has a boiling point of 100.420C. What mass of glycerol was dissolved to make this
solution?
12. A solution of 2.5 g non-volatile solute in 100 g benzene boils at a higher temperature of 0.420C than boiling
point of pure benzene. Calculate molecular mass of the solute. Molal elevation constant of benzene is 2.67.
13. 15.0 g of an unknown molecular material was dissolved in 450 g of water. The resulting solution was
found to freeze at –0.340C. What is the molar mass of this material? (Kf of water = 1.86 K kg mol-1).
14. What mass of ethylene glycol (molecular mass = 62.0 g/mol) must be added to 5.50 kg of water to lower the
freezing point of water from 00C to –10.00C? (Kf of water = 1.86 K kg mol-1)
15. A solution of urea (molecular mass = 60) of strength 8.6 gL-1 is isotonic with a 5% (by volume) solution of a
non-volatile organic compound (X). Calculate molecular mass of compound (X).
16. Calculate osmotic pressure of a solution obtained by mixing 100 mL of 3.4% solution (mass/volume) of
urea (molecular mass = 60) & 100 mL of 1.6% solution (mass/volume) of cane-sugar (molecular mass = 342) at
200C.
17. Which solution will have least vapour pressure:
(a) 0.1 M BaCl2
(b) 0.1 M urea
(c) 0.1 M Na2SO4
(d) 0.1 M Na3PO4
18. 5% (mass / volume) aqueous NaCl solution & 5% (mass / volume) aqueous KCl solution are:
(a) Isotonic
(b) Isomolar
(c) Equimolal
(d) None of these
19. One mole each of urea, glucose & sodium chloride were dissolved in one litre of water. Equal osmotic
pressure will be produced by solutions of:
(a) urea & glucose
(b) sodium chloride & urea
(c) glucose & sodium chloride
(d) none of these
20. Which aqueous solution has minimum freezing point?
(a) 0.01 M NaCl
(b) 0.005 M C2H5OH
(c) 0.005 M MgI2
(d) 0.005 M MgSO4
21. The value of K f for water is 1.860, calculated from glucose solution. The value of K f for water calculated for
NaCl solution will be:

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 (a) = 1.86
(b) < 1.86
(c) > 1.86
(d) Zero
22. K f for water is 1.86 K kg mol-1. If your automobile radiator holds 1.0 kg of water, how many grams of
ethylene glycol must you add to get the freezing point of the solution lowered to –2.80C?
(a) 93 g
(b) 39 g
(c) 27 g
(d) 72 g
23. The freezing point of a solution prepared from 1.25 g of non-electrolyte & 20 g of water is 271.9 K. If molar
depression constant is 1.86 K/mol then molar mass of the solute will be:
(a) 105.7
(b) 106.7
(c) 115.3
(d) 93.9
24. Ethylene glycol is used as an antifreeze in a cold climate. Mass of ethylene glycol which should be added to 4
kg of water to prevent it from freezing at – 60C will be: (Given: Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1 and molar mass
of ethylene glycol = 62 g/mol)
(a) 804.32 g
(b) 204.30 g
(c) 400.00 g
(d) 304.60 g
25. Osmotic pressure at 273 K is 7 × 105 Pa, then what will be the value of x, if its osmotic pressure at
283 K is x × 104 Pa?
26. Ethylene glycol of x kg is mixed with 18.6 kg of solvent, 24°C depression in freezing point takes
place. Calculate value of x. (Given Kf = 1.6°C/molal MW of ethylene glycol = 62 g/mol)
27. solution of two volatile components showing negative deviation from Raoult’s law shows:-
(1) Decrease in vapour pressure, boiling point increases
(2) Increase in vapour pressure boiling point decreases
(3) Decrease in vapour pressure, boiling point decreases
(4) Increase in vapour pressure boiling point increase
28. Calculate the molarity of a solution having density = 1.5 g/mL %(w/w) of solute is 36% and molecular
weight of solute is 36 g/mol.
29. In one molal solution that contains 0.5 mole of a solute, there is
(1) 100 mL of solvent
(2) 1000 g of solvent
(3) 500 mL of solvent
(4) 500 g of solvent

30. Three molecules of a solute (A) associate in benzene to form species A3 Calculate the freezing point of 0.25
molal solution. The degree of association of solute A is found to be 0.8. The freezing point of benzene is 5.5°C and
its Kf value is 5.13 K/m.
26.
31. Ethylene glycol is used as an antifreeze in a cold climate. Mass of ethylene glycol which should be added
to 4 kg of water to prevent it from freezing at – 60C will be: (Given: Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1 and molar
mass of ethylene glycol = 62 g/mol)

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27. Ethylene glycol is used as an antifreeze in a cold climate. Mass of ethylene glycol which should be added to 4
kg of water to prevent it from freezing at – 60C will be: (Given: Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1 and molar mass
of ethylene glycol = 62 g/mol)

32. Calculate the amount of NaCl which must added to one kg of water so that the freezing point is depressed by
3K. Given Kf =1.86 K-kg/mol, Atomic mass: Na = 23, Cl = 35.5 )

33. An aqueous solution containing 3.12 g of barium chloride in 250 g of water is found to be boil at 100.0832°C.
Calculate the degree of dissociation of barium chloride.
[Given molar mass BaCI2=208g/mol, Kb for water = 0.52 K/m]