HOLIDAY HOMEWORK

Chapter Solutions

Q.1. Ethylene glycol CH2OH is an antifreeze. A solution contains 20% of ethylene glycol by mass. Calculate the mole
fraction of ethylene glycol. Ans= 0.0676

Q.2. A solution contains 90 g of H20,6.4g of methanol and 18.4g of glycerol. What is the mole-fraction of glycerol ?
(Glycerol= CH2OH- CHOH-CH2OH) Ans= 0.037

Q.3. Calculate the molarity of a solution containing 2.5g NaOH in 250 mLsolution. Ans= 0.25m

Q.4. The number of moles of NaCl in 3 litres of 3 M solution is :

(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 9 (d) 27

Q.5. State the main advantage of molality over molarity as the unit of concentration.

Or

Why is molality preferred for expressing concentration than molarity ?

Q.6. Calculate molality of (i) 74.5 g of KCL dissolved in 1 kg of water (ii) 6 g of acetic acid dissolved in 100
g of benzene. Ans = (i) 1m (ii) 1m

Q.7. Calculate the molality of H2 SO4 if the density of 10% (w/w) aqueous solution of H 2SO4 is 1.84g cm-3
(molar mass of H2SO4 = 98g mol-1) Ans =1.134m

Q.8. The density of water of a lake is 1.25 g/ mL and one kg of this water contains 92 g of Na + ions. What is
the molarity of Na+ ions in the water of the lake ? Ans = 5m

Q.9. A commercially available sample of sulphuric acid is 15% H 2SO4 by weight (density =1.10 g mol-1)
Calculate (i) molarity (ii) =1.684 (iii) 1.8m molality of the solution. Q.10. What is the importance of
Henry’s law constant.

Q.11. What is the effect of temperature on the solubility of a gas in a liquid ?

Q.12. (a) State Henry’s law and explain why are the tanks used by scuda divers filled with air diluted with
helium (11.7% helium , 56.2% nitrogen and 32.1% oxygen) ?

(b) Assume that argon exerts a partial pressure of 6 bar. Calculate the solubility of argon gas in water. (Given Henry’s
law constant for argon dissolved in water, KH = 40 kbar) Ans =1.5X10-4

Q.13. An unknown gas ‘X’ is dissolved in water at 2.5 bar pressure and has mole fraction 0.04 in solution The
mole fraction of ‘X’ gas when the pressure of gas is doubled at the same temperature is Ans =b

Q.14. Predict which gas among the given pair of gases will be more soluble in water

At 293 K, He (KH = 144.97 k bar) or O2 (KH =34.86 k bar)

Q.16. Low concentration of oxygen in the blood and tissues of people living at high altitude is due to : (a) high

atmospheric pressure (b) low temperature

(c) low atmospheric pressure (d) both low temperature and high atmospheric pressure.

Q.17. Value of Henry’s constant KH

(a) increases with decrease in temperature

(b) decreases with increase in temperature

(c) increases with increase in temperature

Q.18. The vapour pressure of pure liquid X and pure liquid Y at 25 o Care 120 mm Hg and 160 mm Hg
respectively. If equal moles of X and Y are mixed to form an ideal solution. Calculate the vapour pressure of
the solution. Ans = 140 mm Hg

Q.19. Draw and explain the plot of vapour pressure versus mole- fraction of an ideal solution at constant
temperature.

Q.20. State Hanry’s law. Calculate the solubility of CO 2 in water at 298 K under 760 mm Hg. (KH for CO2
in water at 298 K is 1.25 X 106 mm Hg)

Q.21. An aqueous solution of glucose is made by dissolving 10g of glucose (C 6H12O6) in 90 g of water at
303 K. If the vapour pressure of pure water at 303 K be 32.8 mm Hg, what would be the vapour pressure of
the solution.

Q.22. When 30 mL of ethyl alcohol and 30 mL of water are mixed the volme off resulting solution is more
than 60 mL Give reason for it.

Q.23. On mixing liquid X and liquid Y, the volume of the resulting solution increases. What type of deviation
from raoult’ s law is shown by the resulting solution? What change in temperature would you observe after
mixing liquids X and Y ?

Q.24. 1 mole of liquid A and 2 moles of liquid B make a solution having a total vapour pressure 40 torr. The
vapour pressure of pure A and pure B are 45 torr and 30 torr respectively . The above solution

(a) is an ideal solution (b) shows positive deviation

(c) shows negative deviation (d) is a maximum boiling azeotrope.

Q.25. A and B liquids on mixing produce a warm solution. Which type of deviation from Raoult’s law is there ?

Q.26. 10 mL of liquid A were mixed with 10 mL of liquid B. The volume of resulting solution was found to be 19.9 mL
What do you conclude ?

Q.27. On mixing 20 mL of acetone with 30 mL of chloroform, the total volume of the solution is :
Q.28. Draw the plots of vapour pressure as a function of mole fractions for :

(i) a solution that shows positive deviation from Raoult’s law and

(ii) a solution that shows negative deviation from Raoult’s law . Q.29. Four solutions were made by mixing

(i) Ethanol and acetone, (ii) Carbon disulphide and acetone

(iii) Phenol and aniline (iv) chloroform and acetone

Predict which solutions will exhibit positive and which solution will exhibit negative deviations from Raonlt’s law.
Explain your answer.

Q. 30.Why does vapour pressure of a liquid decrease when a non- volatile solute is added into it ?

Q.31. A solution was prepared by dissolving 5 g of non- volatile solute in 95 g of water.It has a vapour pressure of
23.375 mm Hg at 298 K. Calculate the molar mass of the solute. Ans= 60g Q.32.

Why is elevation of boiling point a colligative property ?

Q.33. A solution of 3.8 g of sulphur in 100 g of CS2 (boiling point = 46.3 C) boil at 46.66 C . what is the
formula of sulphur molecule in this solution?

[Given atomic mass of sulphur = 32g mol-1 , for CS2 = 2.40 Kg mol-1]

Q.34. What would be the molar mass of a compound if 6.21 g of it dissolved in 24 g of chloroform to form
a solution that has be boiling point of 68.04 C. The boiling point of pure Chloroform is 61.7 C and the
boiling point elevation content Kb for chloroform is 3.63 C/m.?

Q.35. Why is it advised to add ethylene glycol to water in a car radiator while driving in a hill station?

Q.36. (a) 1.00 g of a non electrolyte solute dissolved in 50 g of benzene lowered the freezing point of benzene
by 0.40
K The freezing point depression contant of benzene is 5.12 K kg Mol-1 . Find the molar mass of solute? Ans -2.23k

Q.37 What mass of ethylene glycol (molar mass = 62g mole -1) must be added to 5.5 0 kg of water 2 lower the freezing
point of water from 0°c to -10o C? (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1)?

Q.38 What would happen when red blood cells are placed in saline water (hypertonic solution)?

Q.39. Give an example of material used for making semipermeable membrane for carrying out rivers osmosis.

Q.40 Define reserve osmosis give one large scale use of it.

Q.41 For a 5% solution of urea( molar mass = 60 g/mol, calculate the osmotic pressure at 300 K. [R=0.0821 L atm K -1
mol-1]
Q.42 A 5% solution of cane sugar (molar mass = 342) is isotonic with 0.877% solution of urea. Calculate the molar mass
of urea?

Q.43 An aqueous solution containing 1.248 g of barium chloride (molar mass = 208.340 g mole -1) in 100 g of water boil
at 100.0832o C calculate the degree of dissociation of barium chloride.

Q.44 Which of the following aqueous solution will have highest boiling point.

(a) 1.0 M KCL (b) 1.0 M K2SO4 (c) 2.0 M KCL (d) 2.0 M K2SO4

Q.45 Which of the following solution show maximum depression in freezing point.

(a) 0.5 M Li2SO4 (b) 1M NaCL (c) 0.5 M AL2(SO4)3 (d) 0.5 M BaCL2

Q.46 2 g of benzoic acid (C6H5COOH) dissolved in 25 g of benzene shows a depression in freezing point equal to 1.62
K. Molal depression constant for benzene is 4.9 K kg mol-1 What is the percentage association of acid if it forms dimer
in solution ? Ans =99.27

Q.47 A 0.01 m aqueous solution of AICI3 freezes at -0.068oC. Calculate the percentage of dissociation [Given : K f for
Water= 1.86 K Kg mol-1] i=88.5%

Q.48. 0.6 mL of acetic acid (CH3COOH), having density 1.06gmL-1 is dissolved in 1 litre of water. The depression in
freezing point observed for this strength of acid was 0.0205 K. Calculate the van’t Hoff factor and the dissociation
constant of acid. (Given Kf=1.89 Kkg moll-1) Ans. i=1.014, 1.86×10-5

Q.49. A solution of 0.1 M of Na2SO4 is dissolved to the extent of 95%. What would be its osmotic pressure at 27 oC ?
(Given R=0.0821 L atm K-1 mol-1). Ans=7.14-3