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IE Chap 3 - Temp Transducers

The document discusses various thermal transducers, including Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTD), Thermistors, Thermocouples, IC Temperature Sensors, and Pyrometers, detailing their construction, working principles, and applications. It covers specific characteristics, calibration methods, and the effects of temperature on their performance. Additionally, it highlights the importance of selecting appropriate materials and configurations for different temperature ranges and environments.

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7 views31 pages

IE Chap 3 - Temp Transducers

The document discusses various thermal transducers, including Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTD), Thermistors, Thermocouples, IC Temperature Sensors, and Pyrometers, detailing their construction, working principles, and applications. It covers specific characteristics, calibration methods, and the effects of temperature on their performance. Additionally, it highlights the importance of selecting appropriate materials and configurations for different temperature ranges and environments.

Uploaded by

simonhaidenpd
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

 Explain Construction and working of Thermal Transducers.


 3.4.1. Discuss construction, working and applications of Resistance
 Temperature Detectors.
 3.4.2. Discuss construction, working and applications of Thermistor.
 3.4.3. Discuss construction, working and applications of
Thermocouple.
 3.4.4. Discuss construction, working and applications of IC
Temperature
 Sensor
 3.4.5 Discuss construction, working and applications of Pyrometer
3


 Thermistor

4
 A Thermal Resistor made of paste-like metal oxide mixture
 Exhibit a change in resistance when subjected to temperature change
 Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC)
5 Resistance / Temperature Characteristics: Thermistor

Typical Range : -50 to 150°C


 Thermistor

6
 To compensate the resistance variation of metals (PTC) with temperature
 Thermal protection of Battery Management systems
 Wheat Stone Bridge Principle

 Precision resistors
 Values selected to match thermistor

 To balance the bridge

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 R = Fixed Resistor || Load
 Why is RTH not in numerator?

8
 Thermistor used in voltage divider configuration
 For ambient temperature, current through thermistor should be low.
Otherwise thermistor will get warmer than surrounding due to self-heating.
Drive Equation to determine the
Resistance of Thermistor from
output voltage

9
Resistance of Thermistor from Voltage
10


1. Steinhart-Hart equation

2. Beta (β)

3. Curve Fitting / Look-up Table from Datasheets

11
 R0: resistance at absolute temperature T0 (K).
 *T (K) = t (ºC) +273.15
12 Thermistor Applications

 Thermistor
 Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD)

13

 –200 to +850 °C
14 RTD-PT100 : Interface
 Generally connected with an amplifier or in voltage divider configuration
15
RTD Calibration / Linearization
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 Linear Approximation (0 to 1000C)


 T = (R/R0 – 1) / α where R0 = 100, and
α = 0.00385 , Temperature coefficient of resistance ( α )
 Quadratic
 Cubit Fit
 Polynomial Fit
3-Wire RTD
17

(R1+R2+RE) –(R2+R3)

Compensate Wire Resistance and Improves Accuracy


RTD Applications
18

 Thermistor
 Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD)
 Thermocouple

19
 A transducer that converts heat into voltage working on Seebeck Effect
 Selected on the basis of temperature range, susceptibility to oxidation,
reducing atmosphere, sensitivity, accuracy and cost
20

 Iron prone to oxidation; therefore, used in reducing environments


 Low temperature applications


 Effective in moisture conditions and reducing or oxidizing environments

 High temperature applications


 Used in high oxidizing conditions but not in reducing conditions

 Has the highest sensitivity


 Used for wide temperature ranges
 Can not be used in reducing atmospheres

 Recommended for wide temperature ranges


 Used in highly oxidizing atmosphere where high accuracy is required.
21
Reference Junction Compensation
22

 ΔV = V@ J1 - V @ J2
where:
ΔV = thermocouple output voltage
V @ J1 = voltage generated at the thermocouple junction
V @ J2 = voltage generated at the reference junction
Seebeck Coefficient
23

Thermocouple\Thermocouple k Type chart.pdf


Thermocouple Applications
24
IC Temperature Transducers
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 Operate as a two terminal Zener , which has a


breakdown voltage directly proportional to
temperature at 10mV/C0 , 10mV/K0 ,10 mV/F0
 Operate over −55°C to 150°C
 Analog and Digital Type
26

 Thermistor
 Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD)  Non-invasive method

 Thermocouple

27
 Optical Pyrometer : (700°C to 4,000°C)
 Digital Pyrometer (Infrared Radiation Thermometer)
Range: 400 to 3500°C
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 Formed with array of thermocouple connected in series
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