Feed Manufacturing and Feed Formulation

FEED
Poultry feed is the food specifically formulated to provide all the necessary nutrients
for poultry, including broilers, layers, and chicks. It's a combination of various
ingredients .
Those ingredients are following;
Maize, soyabean meal, canola meal, fish meal, and other raw materials. The
specific formulation and ingredients vary depending on the age, breed, and purpose
of the poultry (e.g., egg production or meat production).
Types of feed
1) Mesh 2) Crumbs 3) Pellets
 Feed Manufacturing
What is Feed Manufacturing ?
Feed manufacturing is the process of creating animal feed from raw agricultural
products, formulated to meet the specific nutritional needs of different animal
species at various life stages.

What is Feed Processing ?

Processing is the conversion of diverse feed ingredients into a single, homogenized
form of feed.
Quality Control and Ingredients Selection

Sampling of ingredients.
Sampling of feed ingredients involves collecting representative portions to assess
their quality and composition for accurate feed formulation and quality control.
Complete Sampling
In this sampling we take sample from whole vehicle from above and sides and back
from vehicle.
Random Sampling
In this sampling we take samples randomly to assume quality.
 Quality Control
• Quality control of poultry feed ingredients involves assessing their
physical and chemical properties, as well as their potential for
contamination, to ensure they meet specific standards and are safe for
consumption.
• This process includes ;
• Visual inspection
• Odor analysis
• Laboratory testing
Proximate Analysis
• Proximate analysis of poultry feed ingredients provides information
about the major nutrient content, including ,
• Moisture
• Ash
• Crude protein
• Ether extract
• Crude fiber
Meals Testing
• Some other tests are performes in laboratory other than proximate.
• KOH Solubility Test
The KOH solubility test assesses the quality of oilseed meals, like
soybean meal, by measuring how much protein remains soluble in a
potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution.
This test is a good indicator of whether the meal has been overprocessed
(heated too much). High KOH solubility values can suggest
underprocessing, while lower values indicate overprocessing.
Range ; 75 % …
Minerals and Feed Testing
• Calcium and phosphorus tests are also performs.
• DCP (dicalcium phosphate )
• MCP ( Monocalcium phosphate )
• Ca and P content of Feed also check in laboratory testing.
• Aflatoxin test also perform in laboratory testing.
Laboratory Equipments
• Oven
• To check out Moisture content we use oven.
• We take 5 gram sample and keep in it for 2.5 to3 hours at 130 C.
Furnace
• Furnace is used to check out the ash content in feed ingredients and
feed sample also.
• We take 2 gram sample in put it into the furnace for 2 hours at 650 C.
Kjeldhal apparatus

• This apparatus is used for the estimation of crude protein in any ingredient and
feed sample .
 Soxhlet apparatus
• A Soxhlet apparatus is a piece of laboratory equipment used for extracting soluble
compounds from solid materials using a solvent like Fats .
 Feed ingredients

These are energy sources

Maize Wheat Rice Broken Rice Polish Chicken Oil

 Protein Sources

• The followings are protein sources;

Soyabean Meal Canola Meal Rapseed Meal Fish Meal

Acception & Rejection of ingredients
Maize
• Accepted & rejected on the basis of moisture and fungus.
• In winter season 15% moisture is acceptable with deduction .
• Above 15% it will be reject.
• 2% fungus is acceptable range of maize.
• 1% damage of maize is acceptable ,above it will be reject.
Meals
• Soyabean Meal
• Canola Meal
• Rapseed Meal
These above mentioned meals are accepted & rejected on the basis
of CP and KOH solubility content
75% is the standard range of KOH solubility.
Canola meal and rapseed are also accepted and rejected on the basis
of Glucosinolate. This is ANF of both CM and RSM.
 Ingredients Nutrition Profile& inclusion Level
Ingredients
Name Moisture Ash CP EE CF ME D-Lysine ANF Inclusion Level
Corn/Maize 12% 1.5 8 3.5 2.23330 Kcal/kg 0.213Lectins,Phytic Acid Upto 70%
Rice Tips 12% 1 9.5 1.3 1.23400 Kcal/kg 0.24No Upto 50%
Wheat 12% 1.5 12 1.5 2.53100 kcal/kg 0.2492Lectins,Phytic Acid Upto 60%
Rice Polish 12% 10% 11.5 16.5 152800 kCal/kg 0.41 Upto 10%
Fish Meal 6% 18 50 14 12730kcal/kg 2.93 Upto 5%
Feather Meal 6% 7.5 55 23 3250kcal/kg 1.47 Upto 5%
Soyabean
Meal 12% 6.5 46 1.5 62150kcal/kg 2.52Trypsin Inhibitor Upto 35%
Glucosinolate,Erusic
Canola Meal 12% 6.3 36.5 1.7 121950kcal/kg 1.64 Acid Upto 10%
Glucosinolate,Erusic
Rapseed Meal 12% 6 36 1 121700kcal/kg 1.45 Acid Upto 4%
Poultry Nutrient Requirements
• Poultry diets must be formulated to provide all of the bird’s nutrient requirements if
optimum growth and production is to be achieved. There are six classes of nutrients:
• Carbohydrates – the major source of energy for poultry. Most of the carbohydrate in
poultry diets is provided by cereal grains.
• Fats – provide energy and essential fatty acids that are required for some bodily
processes.
• Proteins – required for the synthesis of body tissue (particularly muscle), physiological
molecules (such as enzymes and hormones), feathers and for egg production. Proteins
also provide a small amount of energy.
• Vitamins – organic chemicals (chemicals containing carbon) which help control body
processes and are required in small amounts for normal health and growth.
• Minerals – inorganic chemicals (chemicals not containing carbon) which help control
body processes and are required for normal health and growth.
• Water.
Feed Processing
• Stages and Steps of feed processing are followings;
1) Selection
2) Storage
3) Receiving & Grinding
4) Batching
5) Mixing
6) Pelleting
7) Packing of finished feed
Selection

• After selection of the ingredients from

laboratory.
• All ingredients are weighed and take into
godowns and silos.
• Meals are store in godowns and grains are in
silos .
Storage

• Grains and seeds are stored in silos

• Grains ; Maize ,Rice tips,and soyabean seeds.
• Meals are stored in godowns.
• Meals ; Soyabean Meal , Canola Meal, Rapseed
Meal,Rice Polishing ,Fish Meal etc.
Receiving and Grinding
• All ingredients are receive from silos and godowns for further
processing.
• Ingredients receive with the help of receiving convayers and elevators.
• All ingredients separately received and reached at grinder or hammer.
• Grinder /Hammer mill crush the solid raw materials into powder form
with the help of blades .
• 3 mm and 4 mm meshes are inserted in grinder /hammer mill.
Receiving Layout
Batching

• Batching is the process in feed production normally

happening between the grinding of ingredients and the
mixing of the feed.
• the process of measuring and combining the ingredients
required for the production of feed in predetermined
proportions.
• The blend of all ingredients,vitamins ,minerals are weighed in
scale hopper .
Batching Layout
Mixing
• The ground ingredients are then thoroughly mixed to ensure uniform
distribution of nutrients.
• Mixing is very important for better nutrients absorption and
distribution.
• Mixing time ; 210 sec is the mixing time
• Dry mixing 180 sec
• Wet mixing 30 sec
• More efficient mixing less CV value , high pelletability .
Pelleting
• The pelleting process transforms powdered poultry feed into dense,
uniform pellets, improving handling and reducing waste.
• This involves;
• conditioning the feed with steam and heat to bind particles, followed
by pelletizing through a die under pressure, which also raises
temperature.
• Pelleting temperature 80 to 85 C
• Steam pressure is 1.5 bar or 100 psi
• Steam is coming through boiler .
Pelleting Layout
Feed Formulations
• Feed formulation is the process of creating animal feed by combining
different ingredients to meet specific nutritional needs and production
goals at the lowest cost.
• Feed formulation is the process of quantifying the amounts of feed
ingredients that need to be combined to form a single uniform mixture
(diet) for poultry that supplies all of their nutrient requirements.
• Feed accounts for 65-75% of total live production costs for most types
of poultry throughout the world.
Feed formulation requirements
• (1) Nutrient requirements of the class of poultry (e.g., egg layers, meat
chickens or breeders.
• (2) Feed ingredients in terms of nutrient composition and constraints
in terms of nutrition and processing.
• (3) Cost and availability of the ingredients.
Feed formulation demonstration
• Feed formulation demonstration will be given on software.