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Chemical Div2

The influence of work piece surface topography on friction and lubrication and final surface quality in metal forming operations is well known and has been pointed out by many researchers, see Schey (1983) and Bay and Wanheim (1990). This is especially the Case when liquid lubrication is applied, where increased surface roughness facilitates the lubricant intake and mechanical entrapment. The potential of these mechanisms is, however, not fully utilized due to lack of understanding of the influence of individual parameters on the tribological system. In recently developed surfac

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Dhaval Patel
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45 views19 pages

Chemical Div2

The influence of work piece surface topography on friction and lubrication and final surface quality in metal forming operations is well known and has been pointed out by many researchers, see Schey (1983) and Bay and Wanheim (1990). This is especially the Case when liquid lubrication is applied, where increased surface roughness facilitates the lubricant intake and mechanical entrapment. The potential of these mechanisms is, however, not fully utilized due to lack of understanding of the influence of individual parameters on the tribological system. In recently developed surfac

Uploaded by

Dhaval Patel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE

VALSAD

Prepared By:1)150190105089
2)150190105090
3)150190105091
4)150190105092
5)150190105093
6)150190105094
7)150190105095
8)150190105096

Non Flow Process:


1) Constant Volume Process
2) Constant Pressure
Process
3) Isothermal Process
4) Adiabatic Process
5) Poly-Tropic Process

Constant Volume Process:


A process in which volume of the
system remains constant though other
variables may change.
An isochoric process is a constant
volume process. When the volume of a
system doesnt change, it will do no
work on its surroundings.
W=0
U = Q
Heating gas in a closed container is an

PV Diagram

Constant Pressure Process:


A process in which pressure of
the system remains constant
though other variables may
change

In an isobaric process, P is fixed. Work done by


the gas is W = P (V2 V1) = n R (T2 T1)
Since temperature changes, so does internal
energy. The heat absorbed goes partly to
increase internal energy and partly to do work.
The change in temperature for a given amount
of heat is determined by the specific heat of the
gas at constant pressure.

Isothermal Process:
A process in which Temperature of the
system remains constant though other
variables may change.
P,V may change but temperature is
constant.
The cylinder must have conducting walls
It must happen very slowly so that heat
produced during compression is
absorbed by surroundings and heat lost
during compression is supplied by

Equation Of Work in Isothermal


Process:

PV Diagram
Of
Isothermal
Process:

Adiabatic Process:
A process in which no heat is
exchanged is with the surroundings.
In an adiabatic process, the system
is insulated from the surroundings
and heat absorbed or released is
zero. Since there is no heat
exchange with the surroundings,

When expansion happens


temperature falls
When gas is compressed,
temperature rises

W= P2V2-P1V1/ (v-1)= nR (T1-T2)


Hence if T2>T1 then W<0 or work is
done on
The gas (COMPRESSION)
If T1>T2 the W>0 or work is done by
gas (Expansion)

Poly-Tropic Process:

PV Diagram Of Polytropic Process:

The Work done by a Polytropic process is


as follows;

Work done = ( p1 V1 - p2 V2 ) / ( n 1)

Where;
p1= pressure at point 1(N/m2)
p21 = pressure at point 2(N/m2)
V1 = volume at pint 1 (m3)
V2 = volume at pint 2 (m3)
n = constant or polytropic index.

Also;

All Formula Of Non-Flow Processes:

Thank You!!

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