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Prepared By: Edwin Q. Deviza Jr. Bsece - 5

This document discusses and compares two types of spread spectrum techniques: frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) and direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS). FHSS works by hopping the carrier frequency across different frequency channels based on a pseudorandom sequence. DSSS directly mixes a data signal with a higher rate pseudonoise code signal to spread the bandwidth. Both techniques provide advantages like resistance to interference and frequency selective fading, but FHSS requires a complex frequency synthesizer while DSSS has better noise and anti-jam performance with simpler hardware.

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Edwin Quinlat Deviza
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52 views13 pages

Prepared By: Edwin Q. Deviza Jr. Bsece - 5

This document discusses and compares two types of spread spectrum techniques: frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) and direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS). FHSS works by hopping the carrier frequency across different frequency channels based on a pseudorandom sequence. DSSS directly mixes a data signal with a higher rate pseudonoise code signal to spread the bandwidth. Both techniques provide advantages like resistance to interference and frequency selective fading, but FHSS requires a complex frequency synthesizer while DSSS has better noise and anti-jam performance with simpler hardware.

Uploaded by

Edwin Quinlat Deviza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PREPARED BY:

EDWIN Q. DEVIZA JR.


BSECE - 5
 There are four basic types classified according to the point of
insertion of PN code:

 Frequency hopping spread spectrum(FHSS)


 Direct Sequence spread spectrum (DSSS)
 Carrier frequency shifting is discrete increments in a pattern
dictated by a code sequence. The transmitter jumps from
frequency to frequency within some predetermined set; the order
of frequency usage is determined by a code sequence.

 A frequency hopped system, unlike direct sequence one, can use


both analog and digital carrier modulation and can be designed
using conventional narrow band radio techniques.
 The transmitted signal occupies a number of frequencies in time, each for a period
of time Th (=1/Rh), referred to as dwell time

 FHSS divides the available bandwidth into N channels and hops between these
channels according to the PN sequence

 The transmitted bandwidth is determined by the lowest and highest hop positions
and by the bandwidth per hop position

 A pseudo-noise sequence pnt generated at the modulator is used in conjunction


with an M-ary FSK modulation to shift the carrier frequency of the FSK signal
pseudorandomly, at the hopping rate Rh
 Slow hopping:
 The symbol rate Rs of MFSK signal is an integer multiple of the hop rate Rh. That is there are
several symbols on each frequency hop.
Rs=nRh
Where n is +ve
 Fast hopping
 The hop rate is an integer multiple of the symbol rate of MFSK that is in one symbol
frequency will hop several times
Rh=nRs
Where n is +ve
 ADVANTAGES
 Provide the greatest amount of spreading.
 Can be arranged to avoid portions of the spectrum (i.e. those occupied by other systems
or being the most affected by frequency selective fading)
 Have a relatively short acquisition time because the chip rate is considerably less in the
frequency hopping system.
 It is not as much affected by the near far problem as DSSS is

 DISADVANTAGES
 Requires a complex frequency synthesizer in order to generate the hops
 Always requires error correction.
 Only the average power is spread; the narrowband interference is either eliminated
completely or not reduced at all.
 It uses a locally generated pseudo noise code to encode digital data to be
transmitted
 The speed of the code sequence is called the chipping rate which is measured in
cps
 The amount of spreading is dependent upon the ratio of chips per bit of information
(which is the processing gain Gp for DSSS)
 A direct sequence modulator is then used to double sideband suppressed carrier
modulate the carrier frequency to be transmitted The resultant DSB suppressed carrier
AM modulation can also be thought of as binary phase shift keying (BPSK)
 At the receiver, the information is recovered by multiplying the signal with a locally
generated replica of the code sequence.
INPUT:
dt is binary data with symbol rate Rs=1/Ts
PNt is PN code with chip rate Rc=1/Tc

SPREADING:
TXb=dt.PNt
The effect of multiplication of dt with a PN sequence is to spread the baseband bandwidth Rs of
dt to a baseband bandwidth of Rc.

DESPREADING:
Now TXb is received signal
then Recovered data=dr=TXb.PNr
When PNr=PNt
dr=(dt.PNt).PNt=dt
 The effect of multiplication of the spread spectrum signal rxb with the PN
sequence pnt used in the transmitter is to despread the bandwidth of rxb
to Rs

 If pnr ≠ pnt, than there is no despreading action. The signal dr has a


spread spectrum. A receiver not knowing the PN sequence of the
transmitter cannot reproduce the transmitted data (it will basically
produce yet another version of the spectrum spread of the original signal -
with a different code).

 The multiplier output becomes:


dr = rxb · pnr = (dt · pnt ) · pnr
 ADVANTAGES
 Simple hard ware implementation
 Best noise and anti jam performance
 Best discrimination against multi path
 Do not require a high speed fast setting frequency synthesizer

 DISADVANTAGES
 Requires wide band channel with little phase distortion
 Long acquisition time.
 Fast code generator needed.
 Near –far problem

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