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4g Tech

4G is not a single technology but rather a collection of technologies that create fully packet-switched networks optimized for data transmission. 4G networks are projected to provide speeds of 100Mbps for mobile users and 1Gbps for stationary users. Previous cellular technologies include 0G, 1G, 2G, and 3G, with each generation bringing improvements such as increased capacity, digital signals, error checking, and higher data transmission speeds. 4G aims to provide even faster, more reliable broadband wireless access along with new capabilities such as enhanced mobile gaming with low latency and broadband access for remote locations lacking other internet infrastructure.

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34 views24 pages

4g Tech

4G is not a single technology but rather a collection of technologies that create fully packet-switched networks optimized for data transmission. 4G networks are projected to provide speeds of 100Mbps for mobile users and 1Gbps for stationary users. Previous cellular technologies include 0G, 1G, 2G, and 3G, with each generation bringing improvements such as increased capacity, digital signals, error checking, and higher data transmission speeds. 4G aims to provide even faster, more reliable broadband wireless access along with new capabilities such as enhanced mobile gaming with low latency and broadband access for remote locations lacking other internet infrastructure.

Uploaded by

Mahesh More
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4G Definition

 4G is not one defined technology or


standard, but rather a collection of
technologies at creating fully packet-
switched networks optimized for data.

 4G Networks are projected to provide


speed of 100Mbps while moving and
1Gbps while stationary.
0G
 At the end of the 1940’s, the first radio telephone
service was introduced, and was designed to
users in cars to the public land-line based
telephone network.

 In the 1960’s, a system launched by Bell Systems,


called, Improved Mobile Telephone Service
(IMTS), brought quite a few improvements such
as direct dialing and more bandwidth. The very
first analog systems were based upon IMTS and
were created in the late 60s and early 70s.
1G Technology
 1G refers to the first-generation of
wireless telephone technology was
developed in 1970’s.

 1G had two major improvements:


 the invention of the microprocessor
 the digital transform of the control link
between the phone and the cell site.
 Analog signal
2G Technology

 Around 1980’s

 Better quality & capacity - More people


could use there phones at the same
time

 Digital Signals – consist of 0’s & 1’s


Previous Technology - 2G

 Digital – consist of 0’s and 1’s


 Digital signal:
 1.Low level, 2.High level, 3.Rising edge
and 4.Falling edge
Previous Technology - 2G
 Digital data can be compressed and
multiplexed much more effectively than analog
voice encodings
 Multiplexing -multiple analog message signals
or digital data streams are combined into one
signal
 For 1 and 2G standards, bandwidth maximum
is 9.6 Kbit/sec, (I.E) approximately 6 times
slower than an ISDN
Previous Technology - 2G

 Allows for lower powered radio signals that


require less battery

 Power–CODEC introduction -program that


encodes and decodes digital data stream or
signal
 Translates data from digital to analog and
vice versa
Previous Technology - 2G
Advantages in Previous
Technology - 2G

 The digital voice encoding allows digital


error checking
 increase sound quality
 lowers the noise level
 Going all-digital allowed for the
introduction of digital data transfer
 SMS –“short message service”
 E-mail
Disadvantages in Previous
Technology - 2G

 Cell towers had a limited coverage


area
 Jagged Decay curve
 Abrupt dropped calls
 Analog –gradual sound reduction
 “Spotty” coverage
3G Technology
 Large capacity and broadband capabilities

 Allows the transmission of 384kbps for


mobile systems and up to 2Mbps

 Increased spectrum efficiency –5Mhz


 A greater number of users that can be
simultaneously supported by a radio frequency
bandwidth
 High data rates at lower incremental cost than
2G–Global roaming
Previous Technology - 3G

 CDMA –Code Division Multiple Access

 Form of multiplexing

 Does not divide up the channel by time or


frequency

 Encodes data with a special code


associated with each channel
Code Division Multiple Access
Types of Multiplexing

 FDMA – Frequency Division Multiple


Access
 Each phone call is allocated one
frequency for the entire duration of the
call
Types of Multiplexing

 TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access


 Each phone call is allocated a spot in the
frequency for a small amount of time, and
"takes turns" being transmitted
Types of Multiplexing

 CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access


 Each phone call is uniquely encoded and
transmitted across the entire spectrum, in
a manner known as spread spectrum
transmission
Reasons for New Research

 Even though 3G has successfully been


introduced to mobile users, there are some
issues that are debated by 3G providers and
users.
 High input fees for the 3G service licenses

 Great differences in the licensing terms

 3G phones are expensive


Fourth Generation
What is 4G?

 Fourth Generation Technology


 Faster and more reliable
 100 Mb/s
 Lower cost than previous generations
 Multi-standard wireless system
 Bluetooth, Wired, Wireless
 Ad Hoc Networking
 IPv6 Core
 OFDM used instead of CDMA
 Potentially IEEE standard 802.11n
 Most information is proprietary
Communications Architecture

 Broadcast layer:
 fix access points, (i.e.) cell tower
connected by fiber, microwave, or
satellite (ISP)
 Ad-hoc/hot-spot layer:
 wireless LANs (i.e. internet at Starbuck’s)
Communications Architecture
 Personal Layer Gateway:
 devices that connect to upper layers; cell phone,
fax, voice, data modem, MP3 players, PDAs

 Info-Sensor layer:
 environmental sensors

 Fiber-optic wire layer:


 high speed subterranean labyrinth of fiber optic
cables and repeaters
Ad Hoc Networks
 Spontaneous self
organization of networks
of devices

 Not necessarily connected


to internet

 4G will create hybrid


wireless networks using
Ad Hoc networks

 Form of mesh
networking–Very reliable
Enhance Mobile Gaming

 Experience enhance wireless capabilities


that deliver mobile gaming interaction
with less than five seconds

 Play online multi player games while


traveling at high speeds or sitting outside
Broadband access in Remote
location

 4G will provide a wireless alternative


for broadband access

 I will provide first opportunity for


broadband access in remote locations
without an infrastructure to support
cable or DSL access.

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