EVOLUTION OF WIRELESS NETWORKS

UNIT -1
CONTENT

● Introduction
● Type of wireless communication networks
● Application of wireless application and services
● Evolution of 1G Technology
● Evolution of 2G Technology
● Evolution of 3G Technology
● Evolution of 4G Technology
● Evolution of 5G Technology
● Comparison of 3G, 4G and 5G
● Conclusion
 Introduction

Wireless network can be described as any computer network where there is no physical connection between
the sender and receiver but rather the network is connected the network is connected using radio waves to
maintain communication.
 Type of wireless communication networks

● Cellular Networks

Evolved from mobile telephone as voice conversation and communication tools for private and business
users

● Wireless Local Area Networks

Emerged from computer network. It helps business user to expand their service area by using LAN
( faster data transport)
 Application of wireless application and services

Wireless application uses free space as their transmission medium for communication of data and does not
involve cabling like fiber or copper wires.

Wireless services

1.Voice Data
2.Video and multimedia application and services
 Evolution of 1G Technology

● 1G refers to first generation of wireless telephone technology

● Mobile telecommunications was first introduced in 1980s and completed in early 1990s.
● It's Speed was upto 2.4kbps.
● It allows the voice calls in 1 country.
● 1G network used Analog Signal.
● Frequency: 150MHz / 900MHz
● Bandwidth: 30KHz
DRAWBACK

● Poor voice quality

● Poor battery life
● Large phone size
● Limited capacity
● No security
 Evolution of 2G Technology
● It was launched in the year 1991 by Finland
● It was based on Digital cellular, GSM
● It used digital signals
● Its data speed was upto 64kbps
● It enabled services like text message, picture message and MMS( multimedia message)
● Send and receive E-mail messages, web browsing .
● It had better quality and capacity when compared to 1G
● Frequency: 1.8GHz
● Bandwidth: 900MHz
● 2.5 G was also launched which enabled 2G cellular technology with GPRS that

helped in developing E-Mails – Web browsing – Camera phones.

Drawbacks

● Requires strong digital signals to help mobile phones work.

● These systems are unable to handle complex data such as Videos.
● It took 6 to 9 min to download a 3 min Mp3 song.
 Evolution of 3G Technology
● It was introduced in the year 2000s.
● Technology: CDMA, UMTS, EDGE
● The data transmission speed increased from 144kbps- 2Mbps
● This was called smartphone and its features increased its bandwidth and data transfer rates to accommodate
web based application and audio and video files
● This enabled faster communication
● Send and receive large email messages
● Bandwidth: 100MHz, Frequency: 1.6 – 2.0 GHz
● Provided High speed web and more security features
● It enabled video conferencing, 3-D gaming, TV streaming and mobile TV.
● It took 11 sec to 1.5 min to download a 3 min MP3 song.

Drawbacks
● Expensive fee for 3G Licenses Services
● Challenge to build the infrastructure for 3G
● High bandwidth requirement
● Expensive 3G phones
● LArge cell phone size
 Evolution of 4G Technology
● It started from late 2000s
● Technology: LTE, WiFi, Frequency: 2 – 8 GHz,Bandwidth: 100MHz
● The 4G was described as MAGIC which ment
❖ Mobile Multimedia
❖ Anytime anywhere
❖ Global mobility support
❖ Integrated wireless solution
❖ Customize personal services
● This promises higher data rates and expanded multimedia services.
● Capable to provide speed 100Mbps-1Gbps.
● This enabled High QOS and High Security and provide any kind of service at any time as
per user requirements, anywhere.
● Features Include: More Security High Speed High Capacity Low Cost Per-bit
Cont.,
Drawbacks
● Battery usage was more
● Hard to implement
● Need complicated hardware
● Expensive equipment required to implement next generation network.
 Evolution of 5G Technology
● It refer to short name of fifth Generation which started from late 2010s.
● It Completed the wireless communication with almost no limitations.
● It is highly supportable to WWWW (Wireless World Wide Web)

Advantage:

● High Speed, High Capacity

● 5G technology providing large broadcasting of data in Gbps .
● Multi - Media Newspapers, watch T.V programs with the clarity as to that of an HD Quality.
● Faster data transmission that of the previous generations.
● Large Phone Memory, Dialing Speed, clarity in Audio/Video.
● Support interactive multimedia , voice, streaming video, Internet and other 5G is More Effective and More Attractive.
Comparison of 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G
Comparison of 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G
Sources

http://www.slideshare.net/kaushal_kaith/3g-4g-5g

http://www.marieclaire.co.uk/blogs/549946/1980s-fashion-icons-eighties-fashion-80s-stylemoments.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1G

http://www.zseries.in/telecom%20lab/telecom%20generations/#.V9LDI_mLRhE http://www.speedguide.net/faq/what-are-1g-
2g-3g-and-4g-networks-365
http://infoboxdaily.com/wpcontent/uploads/2014/10/eden.dei.uc.pt_~vasco_Papers_files_Mobile_evolution_v1.5.1.pdf

http://d.researchbib.com/f/annJcwp21wYzAioF9xo2AmY3OupTIlpl9OqJq1p3DlZQRmY1LlFGtlZQRm ZGphpTEz.pdf
https://5g.co.uk/guides/5g-frequencies-in-the-uk-what-you-need-to-know/ https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/evolution-mobile-
communication-from-1g-4g-5g-6g-7g-pmp-cfps https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2jAk-tVDKtc

http://www.gsmarena.com/network-bands.php3 http://www.slideshare.net/nimay1/mobile-tower-site
http://www.futuretimeline.net/blog/2015/01/22.htm#.V9e4TvmLRhE http://www.phonearena.com/news/1G-2G-3G-4G-The-
evolution-of-wireless-generations_id46952 http://gizmodo.com/what-is-5g-and-how-will-it-make-my-life-better-1760847799
5 G Networks….. Continued
Next Generation Core (NG-
core)
Definition of Next Generation Core (NG-core)
● Next Generation Core (NG-core) is like the brain of a super-smart communication network. It's the latest and coolest
technology that helps make our phones and devices work faster and better. NG-core manages how information travels
through the network, making sure everything happens quickly, smoothly, and securely. It's the upgrade that takes our
communication systems to the next level!
Importance of NG-core in modern communication networks

● NG-core is like the heart of our advanced communication systems. It makes everything work smoothly and efficiently,
allowing us to have faster internet, better call quality, and new technologies like smart devices. Without NG-core, our
communication wouldn't be as fast or reliable, and we wouldn't be able to enjoy the latest and coolest features in our
phones and other devices. It's a crucial part that keeps our digital world running smoothly.
Transition from 1G,2G to 3G to 4G and now to NG-core
● 1st Generation (1G):
○ Timeline: 1980s
○ Technology: Analog cellular networks.
○ Key Feature: Basic voice calls with limited coverage.
● 2nd Generation (2G):
○ Timeline: 1990s
○ Technology: Digital cellular networks (GSM, CDMA).
○ Key Feature: Introduction of text messaging (SMS) and digital voice calls.
● 3rd Generation (3G):
○ Timeline: Early 2000s
○ Technology: High-speed data transmission (up to 384 kbps).
○ Key Feature: Introduction of mobile internet, video calling, and multimedia services.
Cont.,

● 4th Generation (4G):

○ Timeline: Late 2000s
○ Technology: LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and WiMAX.
○ Key Feature: Significant increase in data speeds, enabling widespread mobile broadband, streaming, and app usage.
● 5th Generation (5G):
○ Timeline: 2020s
○ Technology: Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC), Massive
Machine Type Communication (mMTC).
○ Key Feature: Faster speeds, lower latency, and the ability to connect massive numbers of devices simultaneously.
● Next Generation Core (NG-core):
○ Timeline: Emerging in the 2020s
○ Technology: Cloud-native architecture, network slicing, advanced virtualization.
○ Key Feature: Further optimization of 5G capabilities, supporting diverse services and applications with improved
efficiency and flexibility.
https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/intermediate0001.html
pls use this url to watch a video that will be useful
Refernces
Key Features of NG-core
● Ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC)
● Massive machine type communication (mMTC)
● Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB)
● Network slicing for customized services
● Cloud-native architecture
Key Features of NG-core
● Cloud-Native Architecture:
○ NG-core employs a cloud-native architecture, allowing for more flexible, scalable, and efficient deployment of network functions. This enhances the overall
agility and responsiveness of the communication network.
● Network Slicing:
○ Network slicing enables the creation of multiple virtual networks (slices) within a single physical infrastructure. Each slice is tailored to specific requirements,
allowing customized services for diverse applications, industries, or user groups.
● Service-Based Architecture:
● NG-core adopts a service-based architecture, promoting modularity and easier integration of network
functions. This architecture simplifies the development, deployment, and maintenance of network
services.
● Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC):
○ NG-core is designed to support URLLC, ensuring extremely low latency and high reliability for applications that demand real-time responsiveness, such as
autonomous vehicles, industrial automation, and critical communications.
● Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC):
○ NG-core caters to the connectivity needs of a massive number of devices simultaneously. This is crucial for the Internet of Things (IoT) and other scenarios
where a large number of devices need to communicate efficiently.
● Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB):
○ Building upon the capabilities of 5G, NG-core further enhances mobile broadband, offering faster data speeds, improved spectral efficiency, and an enriched user
experience for applications like augmented reality and high-definition video
Architecture of NG-core
Relationship between 5G and NG-core
● 5G is like the superhero on the frontline:
● It provides us with lightning-fast internet on our phones, supports a massive number of devices, and ensures
that our connections are incredibly reliable and quick.
● NG-core is like the superhero behind the scenes:
● It's the brain of the network, making sure everything runs smoothly. NG-core optimizes 5G's powers, making
them even more effective. It helps customize our network for different needs and ensures that everything is
secure and well-organized.
● Together, 5G and NG-core create a dynamic duo:
● 5G brings the amazing speed and connectivity we experience every day, while NG-core fine-tunes everything
in the background to make sure our network is powerful, flexible, and ready for whatever we throw at it. It's
a tag team that makes our digital world work seamlessly!
THANK YOU!!!!