Problem Set 3

BAUAL, Ann Christine

DIMAANO, Carlito
ONG, Kim Thomas
SACAYAN, Danica
VINLUAN, Justin Timothy
Problem 12.11 – 1(Geankoplis)
A hot solution of Ba(NO3)2 from an evaporator contains 30.6 kg
Ba(NO3)2 / 100 kg H2O and goes to a crystallizer where the
solution is cooled and crystallizes. On coooling, 10% of the
original water present evaporates. For a feed solution of 100
kg total, calculate the following:

a). The yield of crystals if the solution is cooled to 290 K where

the solubility is 8.6 kg Ba(NO3)2 / 100 kg H2O total water.

b). The yield if cooled instead to 283 K, where the solubility is

7.0 kg Ba(NO3)2 / 100 kg total water.
 a).

V=
0.1(76.6)
= 7.66
kg 23.4 %
Ba(NO3)2
100 kg F
Crystalliz 100 – 23.4 =
Ba(NO3)2
er 76.6 %
soln
H2O
Xf =
TL =290
= 0.234 K

L C
XL = XC =

= =1
0.0792
OMB: F = L + V + C
100 = L + 7.66 + C ---(1)

SB: FXf = LXL + CXc

100 (.234) = L (.0792) C(1) ---(2)

L = 74.87 kg
C = 17.47 kg Ba(NO3)2
 b).
V=
0.1(76.6)
= 7.66
kg 23.4 %
Ba(NO3)2
100 kg F
Ba(NO3)2 Crystalliz 100 – 23.4 =
er 76.6 %
solution
H2O
Xf =
TL =283
= 0.234 K

L C
XL = XC =

= =1
0.0654
OMB: F = L + V + C
100 = L + 7.66 + C ---(1)

SB: FXf = LXL + CXc

100 (.234) = L (.0654) C(1) ---(2)

L = 73.76 kg
C = 18.58 kg Ba(NO3)2
Problem 13. 12.11-4 (Geankoplis)
Heat Balance in Crystallization. A feed solution of 10
000 lbm at 130°F containing 47.0 lb FeSO4/100 lb total
water is cooled to 80°F, where FeSO 4∙7H2O crystals
are removed. The solubility of the salt is 30.5 lb
FeSO4/100 lb total water (P1). The average heat
capacity of the feed solution is 0.70 btu/ lb m∙°F. The
heat of solution at 18°C is -4.4 kcal/gmol (-18.4
kJ/mol) FeSO4∙7H2O (P1). Calculate the yield of
crystals and make a heat balance. Assume that no
water is vaporized.
 Problem 13. 12.11-4 (Geankoplis)
Heat Balance in Crystallization. A feed solution of 10 000 lbm at 130°F containing
47.0 lb FeSO4/100 lb total water is cooled to 80°F, where FeSO4∙7H2O crystals are
removed. The solubility of the salt is 30.5 lb FeSO4/100 lb total water (P1). The
average heat capacity of the feed solution is 0.70 btu/ lbm∙°F. The heat of solution
at 18°C is -4.4 kcal/gmol (-18.4 kJ/mol) FeSO4∙7H2O (P1). Calculate the yield of
crystals and make a heat balance. Assume that no water is vaporized.

Mother Liquor
FEED
F = 10 000 lbm TL = 80°F
TF = 130°F 30.5 lb FeSO4
xF =
47 lb FeSO 4 (100 lb H2O  30.5 lb FeSO 4)
xF = (100 lb H2O  47 lb FeSO4)
Crystals
FeSO4∙7H2O
CpF = 0.70 Btu/ lbm°F LC =4.4 kcal/gmol
(55.85  32  64) FeSO4
xC = (55.85  32  64  (7)18 ) FeSO4 - 7H2O
 Problem 13. 12.11-4 (Geankoplis)

Mother Liquor
FEED
F = 10 000 lbm TL = 80°F
TF = 130°F 30.5 lb FeSO4
xF =
47 lb FeSO4 (100 lb H2O  30.5 lb FeSO 4)
xF = (100 lb H2O  47 lb FeSO4)
Crystals
FeSO4∙7H2O
CpF = 0.70 Btu/ lbm°F LC =4.4 kcal/gmol
(55.85  32  64) FeSO4
xC = (55.85  32  64  (7)18 ) FeSO4 - 7H2O

a. yield of crystals
L = 7250.287 lbm
OMB: F = L + C
10 000 = L + C
C = 2749.713 lbm FeSO4∙7H2O crystals
SB: FxF = LxL + CxC
 47 lb FeSO4   30.5 lb FeSO4   (55.85  32  64) FeSO4 
(1000)   L   C  
 100 lb H2O  47 lb FeSO4   100 lb H2O  30.5 lb FeSO4   (55.85  32  64  (7)18 ) FeSO4 - 7H2O 
 Problem 13. 12.11-4 (Geankoplis)

Mother Liquor
FEED
F = 10 000 lbm TL = 80°F
TF = 130°F 30.5 lb FeSO4
xF =
47 lb FeSO4 (100 lb H2O  30.5 lb FeSO 4)
xF = (100 lb H2O  47 lb FeSO4)
Crystals
FeSO4∙7H2O
CpF = 0.70 Btu/ lbm°F LC =4.4 kcal/gmol
(55.85  32  64) FeSO4
xC = (55.85  32  64  (7)18 ) FeSO4 - 7H2O

b. Heat balance

q = FCpF (TF-TL) + CLC

LC =18.4 kJ/mol
4.4 kcal 1000gmol kgmol kg Btu Btu
LC  x x x x  28.545
gmol kgmol 277.85kg 2.2lbm 0.252164401kcal lbm
 Problem 13. 12.11-4 (Geankoplis)

Mother Liquor
FEED
F = 10 000 lbm TL = 80°F
TF = 130°F 30.5 lb FeSO4
xF =
47 lb FeSO4 (100 lb H2O  30.5 lb FeSO 4)
xF = (100 lb H2O  47 lb FeSO4)
Crystals
FeSO4∙7H2O
CpF = 0.70 Btu/ lbm°F LC =4.4 kcal/gmol
(55.85  32  64) FeSO4
xC = (55.85  32  64  (7)18 ) FeSO4 - 7H2O

b. Heat balance

q = FCpF (TF-TL) + CLC q = 428 491.6 Btu

LC =28.545 Btu/lbm

 Btu   Btu 
q  (10000)lbm 0.70 (130  80) F   2749.713 lbm   28.545 
 lbm F   lbm 
Problem 18: FeSO4 • H2O containing 3.5 percent of a soluble impurity is
dissolved continuously in sufficient water and recycled mother liquor to
make a solution at 70°C. The solution is then cooled to 25°C, and crystals of
FeSO4 • 7H2O are thereby obtained. These crystals carry 10 percent of their
dry weight as adhering mother liquor. The crystals are then dried to zero
free water (FeSO4 • 7H2O). Calculate (a) the weight of water and of
recycled mother liquor required per 100 kg of impure ferrous sulfate; (b) the
percentage recovery of copper sulfate, assuming that the mother liquor not
recycled is discarded. The solubility of FeSO4 at 25°C is 25 g per 100 g of
free H2O. The concentration of the impurity in the mother liquor is 6.2%.
  Feed:

F  
  x
W
 
w/ 10%
adhering
A   Magma Separato mother
Dissolver Cooler
TA=70°C TA=25°C liquor(dry Dryer
Solubility= r wt)

Recycle Mother Liquor

R w/ 6.2 %
impurity
 
Dry Crystals
Discarded
Mother Liquor
d
 Basis:
  100 kg crystals of from separator
Molecular Weights:
= 278.01

Let: i=kg impurity in mother liquor

x=kg water /10 kg mother liquor
A=kg solution at 70°C
F=kg Feed
d=kg mother liquor discarded
R=kg mother liquor recycled
W= kg water entering the dissolver

Adhering mother liquor(ML): 100kg (.10)=10kg  = x = 1.876

 
i= 0.062(10kg) = Dryer:
Separator: kg
10 kg ML = + (x) +x Total dry crystals: 101.876 + 0.62 = 102.516 kg
x=
 Basis: 100 kg crystals of from separator
 
Molecular Weights:
= 278.01

Let: ∕ i=kg impurity in mother liquor

∕x=kg water /10 kg mother liquor
A=kg solution at 70°C
F=kg Feed
d=kg mother liquor discarded
R=kg mother liquor recycled
W= kg water entering the dissolver

Over-all
  water Balance:
Over-all
  Impurity Balance: W + in = water leaving
0.035F = 0.62 + d Water leaving
Over-all Balance: In crystals: 101.876 () = 46.22 kg
0.965F ( = 101.876 + d evaporated = in 10 kg ML = x = 7.504 kg
F= 67.89 kg In discard: 28.32 x 7.504 = 24.66 kg
d= 28.32 Total water leaving = 77.39 kg
in = 0.965(67.89)() = 6.948
W + 6.948 = 77.39
W = 70.442 kg
 Basis: 100 kg crystals of from separator
 
Molecular Weights:
= 278.01

Let: ∕ i=kg impurity in mother liquor

∕x=kg water /10 kg mother liquor
A=kg solution at 70°C
∕ F=kg Feed
∕ d=kg mother liquor discarded
R=kg mother liquor recycled
∕ W= kg water entering the dissolver

Dissolver
 
Assume: Saturated solution at 70°C
solubility =
A= 614.59 kg Feed
R = 476.25 kg ML
0.965 (67.89) = ( A-(2.376 + R)) + R

Balance:
70.442 + 6.948 + R + R (
= ( A-(2.376 + R)) (())
 Basis: 100 kg crystals of from separator
 
Molecular Weights:
= 278.01

Let: ∕ i=kg impurity in mother liquor

∕x=kg water /10 kg mother liquor
∕ A=kg solution at 70°C
∕ F=kg Feed
∕ d=kg mother liquor discarded
∕ R=kg mother liquor recycled
∕ W= kg water entering the dissolver

a)
  weight of water and of recycled mother liquor
required per 100 kg of impure ferrous sulfate  
R= 701.5

W= 103.76
 Basis: 100 kg crystals of from separator
 
Molecular Weights:
= 278.01

Let: ∕ i=kg impurity in mother liquor

∕x=kg water /10 kg mother liquor
∕ A=kg solution at 70°C
∕ F=kg Feed
∕ d=kg mother liquor discarded
∕ R=kg mother liquor recycled
∕ W= kg water entering the dissolver

b)
  weight of water and of recycled mother liquor ) the
percentage recovery of copper sulfate, assuming that
the mother liquor not recycled is discarded

% recovery = x 100%

% recovery = 95.04 %
Thank you.