Quality Control, Quality

Assurance and Total Quality

Management
Princess T. Corpuz
Jennifer C. Samaniego
What is Quality ?
In manufacturing, a measure of excellence or a
state of being free from defects, deficiencies
and significant variations. It is brought about by
strict and consistent commitment to certain
standards that achieve uniformity of a product
in order to satisfy specific customer or user
requirements. (
http://www.businessdictionary.com)
the totality of features and characteristics of a
product or service that bears its ability to satisfy
stated or implied needs.
(ISO 8402-1986)
Common Meanings of Quality
Quality is fitness for use
Quality is meeting customers expectations
Quality is exceeding the customers
expectations
Quality is superiority to competitors
Quality Control (QC)
The standard(s) to which the construction or assembly
of a building component has been incorporated into
the project’s design.
 Quality control is concerned with the operational
activities and techniques that are used to fulfill the
requirements of quality.
 The quality control process includes the activities
which ensure a high quality product. These activities
focus on identifying defects in the actual product
being produced.
 Quality control functions start once the project work
has begun. Quality control is a reactive approach
and helps you find defects in deliverables.
Quality Assurance (QA)
Is all those planned and systematic actions necessary
to provide adequate confidence that an entity will
fulfill requirements for quality.
 Quality assurance is a process based approach
whose prime objective is to prevent defects in
deliverables in the planning process itself to avoid
the rework, which costs a lot.
 Quality assurance is a proactive process, and it
starts at the very beginning of the project to
understand the product’s stated and non-stated
requirements and expectations, and then develop
the plan to meet these requirements and
expectations.
 Quality audit is an example of a quality assurance
process. Other examples of quality assurance are
training, process definition, selection of tools, etc.
 The Difference between Quality
Assurance and Quality Control
QA QC
In quality assurance, On the other hand
you plan to avoid the in quality control,
defect in the first place. you try to find
Quality assurance is all defects and correct
about prevention. them while making
Quality assurance is a the product.
process based Quality control is all
approach. about the detection.
Quality assurance Quality control is a
involves processes product based
managing quality. approach.
Quality control is
used to verify the
 The Difference between Quality
Assurance and Quality Control
QA QC
Quality audit is an Inspection and
example of quality testing are
assurance. examples of the
The goal of the
quality control
quality assurance process.
process is to develop
Quality control
a process so that
defects do not arise identifies the
when you are defects after the
producing the product is
product produced but is
not yet released or
The Benefits of Quality
Assurance and Quality Control
It gives you a high quality output.
It increases the efficiency of operations.
It brings customer satisfaction, which affects
your brand and helps you grow your
business.
If your product is of good quality, you will not
need much rework and there will not be
much after-sale support required. This will
help you save a lot of money.
A high level of confidence and a motivated
team.
Quality Begins with Quality
Design
Quality Design
It means the intentions of the designers to
include/ exclude features in a product or
service i.e. the degree to which the quality
characteristics are embedded into the
product/ service.
Total Quality Management
(TQM)
Encompasses elements that form the basis
of a company wide focus on quality-
elements that extend from the office to the
field.
Elements of Total Quality
Management in Construction
Process
Management Commitment & Leadership - TQM is a
culture and philosophy that must permeate an
organization as the method of management. It can
thrive only under a senior management that
establishes TQM as a top priority. This
commitment must be coupled with a thorough
understanding of TQM. Only if supported by this
commitment and understanding, can senior
management lead the company toward the
realization of higher quality in its undertakings.
Training - There should be customized training
plans for management, engineers, technicians,
home and field office staff, support personnel and
field labor.
Teamwork - TQM concept to the parties mentioned
above in the form of joint teams achieves higher
customer satisfaction. These joint teams are
responsible for establishing joint goals, plans, and
controls.
Statistical Method - provide problem-solving tools
to the TQM process.
Cost of Quality - the primary tool for measuring
quality. (Crosby, P. B., Cutting the Cost of Quality.
Farnsworth, Boston, 1967. ; Juran, J. M. (Ed.),
Juran's Quality Control Handbook, 4th edn.
McGraw-Hill, New York, 1988. )
Supplier Involvement - The ability to produce a
quality product largely depends on the relationship
among the parties involved in the process; the
supplier, the processor, and the customer.
Customer Service - Customers may be either
internal or external. Satisfying the needs of these
customers is an essential part of the process of
supplying the final external customer with a
quality product.
Construction Industry- Specific Factors
Quality of codes and standards - According to
the ASCE manual, 2 the primary purpose of
codes and standards is to protect the public's
health and safety.
Quality of drawings and specifications-
Drawings and specifications are the two sets
of documents given to the constructor that
provide technical information on materials,
performance of the constructed facility, and
quality requirements.
Constructability of design-the design
professional must consider the requirements
of the constructor. The project must be
constructible by those retained to build the
project.
Benchmarking
Is the procedure where a company seeks
out and studies the best practices in order
to produce a superior performance.
Forms of Benchmarking
Internal Benchmarking- investigates the practices
and performance within the company.
External Benchmarking- compares the company’s
practices and performance with world-class
performers.
External Competitive Benchmarking- is comparison
of company’s activity with direct competitors
External Industrial or Functional Benchmarking
compares company’s functions with functions of
other companies.
External Generic Benchmarking- broadens fields of
application of benchmarking process beyond the
limits of specific company and industry it belongs to.