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Reaction Stoichiometry: Engineering Calculations

1) The limiting reactant is magnesium (Mg) and the excess reactant is oxygen (O2) because there is less magnesium available to react. 2) The theoretical amount of oxygen needed is 7 grams to react completely with the 3.5 grams of magnesium. 3) The percentage excess of oxygen is 100% because the amount of oxygen supplied was exactly the amount needed to react with the limiting magnesium. 4) The degree of completion of the reaction is 100% because the actual amount of magnesium oxide (MgO) formed is equal to the theoretical amount if the reaction went to completion with the limiting magnesium fully consumed. 5) The law of conservation of mass is illustrated because the total mass

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35 views17 pages

Reaction Stoichiometry: Engineering Calculations

1) The limiting reactant is magnesium (Mg) and the excess reactant is oxygen (O2) because there is less magnesium available to react. 2) The theoretical amount of oxygen needed is 7 grams to react completely with the 3.5 grams of magnesium. 3) The percentage excess of oxygen is 100% because the amount of oxygen supplied was exactly the amount needed to react with the limiting magnesium. 4) The degree of completion of the reaction is 100% because the actual amount of magnesium oxide (MgO) formed is equal to the theoretical amount if the reaction went to completion with the limiting magnesium fully consumed. 5) The law of conservation of mass is illustrated because the total mass

Uploaded by

Khristel Penoliar
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lecture 3:

Reaction Stoichiometry
ENGINEERING CALCULATIONS
Assoc. Prof. Bernadette M. Duran, M.Eng.
Assisted by: Jaminah S. Muarip and Giancarlos Miranda
Limiting Reactant
• It limits the reaction
• When the limiting reactant is completely consumed, the reaction stops
• The reactant that is entirely consumed if the reaction is 100% complete.

Excess Reactant
• The reactant/s remaining when the reaction is 100% complete.
Theoretical Amount of Excess Reactant
• The amount necessary to react with all of the limiting reactant

Percentage Excess
Degree of Completion
 

\
Stoichiometric Relations
 
mol-mol relations:

Calculate the g-mol needed to react with 12.5 g-atom C


Stoichiometric Relations
 
weight-weight relations: [

Calculate the g formed out of 100 g C

Calculate the g needed to react with 100 g of C


Law of Conservation of Mass
 
• Mass before the reaction = Mass after the reaction
• Mass in = Mass out

100.00 g 133.33 g 233.33 g

233.33 g
 
 
Example
 3.5 g-mol

Product mixture

 4 g-atom  3.5 g-mol

  𝟏
𝑴𝒈 + 𝑶 𝟐 → 𝑴𝒈𝑶
𝟐
: 

A. Determine the limiting reactant and excess reactant


B. Calculate the theoretical amount
C. Percentage excess
D. Degree of Completion
E. Illustrate the law of Conservation of Mass
Solution
A.
  Determine the limiting reactant and excess Reactant
𝟏
𝑴𝒈 + 𝑶 𝟐 → 𝑴𝒈𝑶
Method 1:𝟐
Lower value, therefore
the limiting reactant is
Mg
Solution
A.
  Determine the limiting reactant and excess Reactant
  𝟏
Method 2:
𝑴𝒈+ 𝑶 → 𝑴𝒈𝑶
𝟐 𝟐
• Assume LR =
• Amount of needed to react with
  − 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑀𝑔=3.5 𝑔 − 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂 𝑥 1 𝑔 − 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑀𝑔 = 7 𝑔 − 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑀𝑔
𝑔 2
1
𝑔 − 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂 2
2
• Since ),
Solution
B.
  Calculate theoretical amount of

supplied amount LR  
Theoretical
Solution
C.  Percentage Excess
  𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑
%  𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛= 𝑥 100
𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡
Solution
D.  Determine the Degree of Completion
  1
𝑀𝑔+ 𝑂 → 𝑀𝑔𝑂
3.5 g-atom 2 2 3.5 g-mol
  𝑥 1 1.75 g-mol
3.5 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 1 Given ; actual amount of MgO
1   2 formed
3.5 𝑥 𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒆𝒅
1
  1
𝑀𝑔+ 𝑂 → 𝑀𝑔𝑂
2 2
3.5 g-atom 3.5 g-mol
Solution 1.75 g-mol

E. Illustrate the law of Conservation of Mass


 Molar mass:
  1
𝑀𝑔+ 𝑂 2 → 𝑀𝑔𝑂
2

75𝑥31.9988=55.9979𝑔 3.5 𝑥40.3114=141.0899𝑔


3. 5 𝑥24.312=85.01.92𝑔
   

Mass reacted = Mass formed


  1
𝑀𝑔+ 𝑂 → 𝑀𝑔𝑂
Solution 3.5 g-atom
2 2
1.75 g-mol
3.5 g-mol
E. Illustrate the law of Conservation of Mass
Supplied (mass Reacted / Product mixture
before the reaction) Formed (mass after the  Molar mass:
reaction)

g 209.2438 g

209.2438 g
Thank you!

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