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Human Body Circulatory System

The circulatory system transports blood throughout the body via blood vessels. The heart pumps blood through two circuits - the pulmonary circuit, which transports blood to the lungs to receive oxygen and remove carbon dioxide, and the systemic circuit, which pumps oxygenated blood to the entire body. Blood is composed of plasma and formed elements like red blood cells, which carry oxygen, white blood cells, which help fight infection, and platelets, which help form blood clots. The circulatory system helps deliver nutrients and oxygen to tissues and removes wastes.

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118 views41 pages

Human Body Circulatory System

The circulatory system transports blood throughout the body via blood vessels. The heart pumps blood through two circuits - the pulmonary circuit, which transports blood to the lungs to receive oxygen and remove carbon dioxide, and the systemic circuit, which pumps oxygenated blood to the entire body. Blood is composed of plasma and formed elements like red blood cells, which carry oxygen, white blood cells, which help fight infection, and platelets, which help form blood clots. The circulatory system helps deliver nutrients and oxygen to tissues and removes wastes.

Uploaded by

Francis Macasio
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Circulatory System

MAINIDEA
• The circulatory system transports blood to
deliver important substances, such as
oxygen, to cells and to remove wastes,
such as carbon dioxide.
Essential Questions

1. What are the main functions of the circulatory


system?
2. What are the parts of the heart?
3. How does the blood flow through the heart and
body?
4. What are similarities and differences between
the major components of the blood?
Functions of the C.S.
• It transports materials such as nutrients,
water, and oxygen to the body cells and
carries away wastes such as carbon dioxide
that body cells produce.
• Distribute heat throughout the body to
help regulate body temperature.
Components of the C. S.
 Heart
 provides the major force that causes blood to
circulate
• Blood vessels
– Generate blood pressure, route blood, and regulate
blood supply
 Blood
 Consists of blood cells suspended in a liquid
solution
BLOOD VESSELS
Arteries
• Carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to
various body parts
• Its wall is thick, durable, and elastic
• Capable of standing high pressure exerted by the
blood as it is pumped by the heart.
Arteries
• Aorta is a very large artery near the heart.
• Arterioles are smaller arteries which end up in
capillaries.
Veins
• Direction of blood flow
is towards the heart.
• Carry oxygen-poor
blood except;
• pulmonary veins carry
oxygen-rich blood
• With one-way valves
which prevent backflow
of blood.
Veins
• With thinner walls,
since blood
returning to the
heart is under very
low pressure.
• Venules are the
smaller veins that
end up in capillaries
Capillaries
• Thin-walled, composed largely of endothelium.
• Where exchange of materials between the
blood and body tissues take place.
Capillaries
• Very small, where blood flow is in single file.
• Some connect veins and arteries directly.
• Others form branching networks.
The Heart
• Hollow muscular organ
about the size of a clenched
fist.
• Contained in the pericardial
cavity, below the sternum,
and lies at the center of the
thoracic cavity.
• It pumps oxygenated
blood to the body, and it
pumps deoxygenated
blood to the lungs.
The Structure of the Heart
• It is made up of cardiac
muscle
• It is capable of
conducting electrical
impulses for contraction
• It is four-chambered.
• The upper chambers are
the receiving chambers
called right and left
atria
The Structure of the Heart
• The lower chambers
are the right and left
ventricles that pump
blood away from the
heart.
Heart Valves

• Bicuspid valve is
found between the
left atrium and left
ventricle
• Tricuspid valve is
found between right
atrium and right
ventricle
The Structure of the Heart
• Pulmoatrial valve is
found between right
ventricle and pulmonary
artery
• Atrioventricular valve is
found between the left
ventricle and the aorta
• Heart valves prevent the
backflow of blood
Major Blood Vessels Associated with the
Heart
• Note: Determine
the blood flow and
the type of blood
that pass thru
these blood
vessels
Try to identify the part labelled
Pulse and Blood Pressure
• Heart pulses about 70X per minute
• Pulse is the alternating expansion and relaxation of the
artery wall caused by the contraction of the left ventricle
– It can be felt in the artery of the wrist as it rise and fall
– The number of times the artery in your heart pulses is
the number of times your heart beats.
Pulse and Blood Pressure

• Blood pressure is a
measure of how much
pressure is exerted
against the vessel
walls by the blood.
• Blood pressure
readings can provide
information about the
condition of arteries.
Pulse and Blood Pressure
• Systole is the
contraction of the
heart that causes blood
pressure to rise to its
highest point.
• Diastole, the relaxation
of the heart, brings
blood pressure down
to its lowest point.
Sphygmomanometer is used to measure BP
Blood flow in the body
• Flow of blood follows
two loops:
• Pulmonary circuit –
where oxygen-poor
blood travels from the
heart and oxygen-rich
blood flows back to the
heart.
Blood flow in the body

• Systemic circuit –
oxygenated blood
travels from the heart to
the body, and oxygen-
poor blood flows back to
the heart
Blood Components

• Blood is the fluid of life


• Average human
because it transports
body contains 5
important substances
liters of blood.
throughout the body
• Blood also carries • https://youtu.be/CR
disease-fighting h_dAzXuoU?t=21
materials produced by
the immune system
Blood Components
• Composed of the formed elements
(erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets) and
fluid that suspends the blood cells (plasma).
• Plasma is about 90% water and the rest are
dissolved salts, proteins, nutrients, wastes,
and other chemicals.
1. Red Blood Cells or erythrocytes
• Carry oxygen to all parts of the body and
pick up carbon dioxide from the body
cells.
• Most numerous of the blood cells.
• Disk-shaped, with hemoglobin molecules.
• Hemoglobin contain iron which gives the
blood its red color.
• Hb binds to the oxygen and carbon
dioxide
1. Red Blood Cells or erythrocytes
• Lack nuclei and other
organelles found in cells
• Unable to reproduce and
repair themselves.
• Have a life span of about
120 days.
• Old RBCs break down in
the spleen where the iron
are recycled and returned
to the bone marrow.
2. White Blood Cells or Leukocytes

• Help the body fight diseases.


• Only I white blood cell per 500 red blood cells.
• They are larger than the RBCs, have nuclei and
organelles.
• They can move in and out of the blood
stream.
• More WBCs are produced by the body when
there is an infection.
2. White Blood Cells or Leukocytes
• Neutrophils and
monocytes act as
phagocytes, engulfing
and ingesting foreign
bodies that cause
infection.
• Lymphocytes are WBCs
that produce
antibodies to fight
specific diseases.
3. Platelets or thrombocytes
• Cell fragments that are important in forming blood
clots.
• When a blood vessel is cut, platelets collect to the
vessel at the site of the wound.
• The platelets release chemicals that produce
fibrin.
• Fibrin weaves a network of fibers across the cut
and traps blood platelets and RBCs, and a clot
forms
• The ABO blood groups consists of:
– Two antigens (A and B) on the surface of the RBCs
– Two antibodies in the plasma (anti-A and anti-B)
Agglutination Reaction

Fig. 16.13
Importance of Blood Type
• Transfusion reactions occur when mismatched blood is
infused
• Antibodies can bind to the donor’s RBC antigens,
resulting in agglutination or hemolysis of RBCs, leading
to
– Diminished oxygen-carrying capacity
– Clumped cells that impede blood flow
– Ruptured RBCs that release free hemoglobin into the
bloodstream
End of Circulatory System

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