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Observation Atomic Structure

The document discusses the historical development of atomic models from Thomson's plum pudding model to Rutherford's nuclear model to Bohr's model of electrons orbiting the nucleus in discrete energy levels. It describes experiments by Thomson, Rutherford, and Bohr that led to discoveries about the structure of the atom including identifying the electron, proton, and neutron. The progression of atomic models helped explain the properties of matter at the atomic scale.

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Kim Ciara Santos
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33 views45 pages

Observation Atomic Structure

The document discusses the historical development of atomic models from Thomson's plum pudding model to Rutherford's nuclear model to Bohr's model of electrons orbiting the nucleus in discrete energy levels. It describes experiments by Thomson, Rutherford, and Bohr that led to discoveries about the structure of the atom including identifying the electron, proton, and neutron. The progression of atomic models helped explain the properties of matter at the atomic scale.

Uploaded by

Kim Ciara Santos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Review

1. The uncharged particle


of an atom.
Answer

Neutron
Review
2. The sub-atomic
particles contributing to
the atomic mass of an
atom.
Answer

Proton and Neutron


Review
3. The sub-atomic particle
that can be found outside
the nucleus of an atom.
Answer

Electron
Review
4. The sub-atomic particle
that can be considered as
the DNA of an atom.
Answer

Proton
Review
5. The subatomic particle
that is equal to the number
of protons.
Answer

Electron
E L
D
M O D E L

E L
D
A T O M
ATOMIC MODEL
Objectives
1. Describe the atomic models of
Thomson, Rutherford and Bohr.
2. Identify the contributions of
Thomson, Rutherford and Bohr in the
atomic structure.
3. Create a model of an atom.
Model A
Model B
Model C
Atomic Structure
All matter is composed of
atoms.

Understanding the
structure of atoms is
critical to understanding
the properties of matter
HISTORY OF THE ATOM

1808 John Dalton

suggested that all matter was made up of

tiny spheres that were able to bounce around

with perfect elasticity and called them

ATOMS
HISTORY OF THE ATOM

1898 Joseph John Thomson

found that atoms could sometimes eject a

far smaller negative particle which he called

an

ELECTRON
Plum Pudding model of
an atom.

- +
+ -
+
- +
+ - -
+
+
-
+ - -
- + +
+ -
-
HISTORY OF THE ATOM

1910 Ernest Rutherford

oversaw Geiger and Marsden carrying out his


famous experiment.

they fired Helium nuclei at a piece of gold foil


which was only a few atoms thick.

they found that although most of them


passed through. About 1 in 10,000 hit
Rutherford’s
experiment.
Results of foil
experiment if Plum
Pudding model had been
correct.
Actual Results.
Rutherford’s Model of the
Atom

atomic radius ~ 100 pm = 1 x 10-10 m


nuclear radius ~ 5 x 10-3 pm = 5 x 10-15 m
HELIUM ATOM
Shell
proton

+
N
-
+
- N

electron neutron
HISTORY OF THE ATOM

1913 Niels Bohr

studied under Rutherford at the Victoria


University in Manchester.

Bohr refined Rutherford's idea by adding


that the electrons were in orbits. Rather
like planets orbiting the sun. With each
orbit only able to contain a set number of
electrons.
MULTIELECTRON ATOMS
Bohr’s Model
of
the Atom
1. e- can have only
(1913) (quantized)
specific
energy values
2. light is emitted as
e- moves from one
energy level to a
lower energy level
1
En = -RH ( )
n2

(principal quantum number) = 1,2,3,…


(Rydberg constant) = 2.18 x 10-18J
The Bohr Model of the Atom
Attributes Thomson’s Rutherford’s Bohr’s
Model Model Model
(A) (B) (C)

Has proton / / /
Has electron / / /
Has neutron     /
Has nucleus   / /
Has energy    
/
levels/quanta
I. Multiple Choice: Choose the
letter of the correct answer.

1. Ernest Rutherford discovered


_______ by firing alpha particles
in a thin sheet of gold foil.
a. Proton c. Nucleus
b. Electron d. Neutron
2. The plum-pudding model of atom
shows ______.
a.. how some alpha particles were
deflected upon hitting a gold foil
b. how electrons are mixed with
smeared out positive charges
c. how electrons orbit around the
nucleus
d. how protons and neutrons
combine to form a nucleus.
3. Electron was discovered by
__________ using the cathode ray
tube experiment.
a. Rutherford c. Thomson
b. Dalton d. Bohr
4. ________ put forward a model
which is a hybrid of the Rutherford
model with the wave nature of
electron taken into account.
a. Rutherford c. Thomson
b. Dalton d. Bohr
5. Bohr’s atomic model suggested that
_________.
a. electrons are embedded inside the
nucleus
b. electrons are standing still outside the
nucleus
c. electrons are moving around the nucleus
like planets without jumping into orbits
d. electrons move around the nucleus of an
atom like planets around the sun, and that
they move from orbit to orbit as they gain
and lose energy
II. Illustrate and describe
any one of the atomic
models. (5 points)
Agreement
Bring a periodic table of
elements.
 

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