28 January 2017

Basic Design
 Basic Design

Horizontal
1. Wind on formwork
2. Wind on falsework
3. Induced loads from erection
tolerances

Vertical
4. Concrete self weight (25 kN/m3)
5. Working loads (1.5 kN/m2)
6. Formwork loads (0.5 kN/m2)
7. Specific plant loads
Fixed on Head vs Free Standing
 Falsework Design

•  Critical factors in the design of Falsework:

–  The thickness of slab
• The thicker the slab, the greater the weight of concrete to be
supported
• The thicker the slab, the greater the number of Props or
Supports required
• This determines the spacing of the Props

–  The height from the base to the soffit (referred to as

“Propping height” or “Soffit height”)
 Falsework Design

Principle of design
• Basis of design - BS5975:1996 - Falsework

Vertical Loads Horizontal Loads

Concrete 2.5% of 1% of vertical

Formwork vertical load load acting
Working Load Plus acting or horizontally +
horizontally wind load
Falsework Design

Falsework horizontal load - wind

 Bracing of Falsework

Scaffold tube 48 mm OD x 3.2 mm tube

 Bracing of Falsework

Under Design
Struts with too much load for their
length will buckle.

Lacing and bracing is added to

increase the strut load capacity
Bracing of Falsework

Braced scaffold system

(a) No diagonal bracing P = 8 kN (b) Diagonal bracing P = 27 kN

 Bracing of Falsework

Unbraced scaffold system

No diagonal bracing
Bracing of Falsework
Compliance with British
Standards and Code of
Practice BS5973
Components

• Standards

• Propping Ties

• Coupler Braces

• Spigot

• Adjustable U-Head

• Adjustable Jack
Components - Standards
Components – Propping Ties
Components - Braces
Components – Heads & Bases
Components – Cantilever Frame
&
Internal Beam Bracket
What effects the SWL?

FACTORS ASSESSED WHEN CALCULATING

LEG CAPACITY

• Top Jack Extension

• Lift Height
• Bottom Jack Extension

The load capacity for each factor is calculated and

the lowest of those calculated loads accepted as the
permissible load…
It is possible to increase the permissible load by
bracing the top or base jack
Lift Height

2.0m Lift 1.5m Lift 1.0m Lift

SWL = 27.5 kN SWL =40 kN SWL = 55 kN
Jack Extension

Always use 2.5%

Horizontal Load.

Top Jack has greater effect

on SWL due to longer tube
length.

If jacks are braced then the SWL is

governed only by lift height
Lift Height & Bracing

40KN 40KN 20KN 20KN

Lift Height = 1.5m Lift Height = 2.5m

SWL = 40kN SWL = 20kN
Safe Working Loads

1.0m Lift 1.5m Lift 2.0m Lift 4.0m Lift

Lift height is governed by the largest spacing in height

Lift Height

55KN 55KN 27.5KN 27.5KN 27.5KN

Lift Height = 1.0m Lift Height = 2.0m

SWL = 55kN SWL = 27.5kN
Bracing Frequency

2.0m Lift
BAY SIZE LIFT HEIGHT NO BAYS
PER BRACE

2.4m 2.0m 7
1.8m 2.0m 7
1.2m 2.0m 6

1.5m Lift BAY SIZE LIFT HEIGHT NO BAYS

PER BRACE

2.4m 1.5m 5
1.8m 1.5m 5
1.2m 1.5m 5
1.0m Lift
BAY SIZE LIFT HEIGHT NO BAYS
PER BRACE

2.4m 1.0m 4
1.8m 1.0m 4

All Bracing Based on 2.5% Vertical Load 1.2m 1.0m 4

 Bracing Frequency

Where to put brace??? Challenge

BAY SIZE LIFT HEIGHT NO BAYS
1.2m bay x 2.0m Lift PER BRACE

2.4m 2.0m 7
1.8m 2.0m 7
1.2m 2.0m 6

1.20m
2.0m
 Bracing Frequency

Where to put brace??? Challenge

BAY SIZE LIFT HEIGHT NO BAYS
1.2m bay x 2.0m Lift PER BRACE

2.4m 2.0m 7
1.8m 2.0m 7
1.2m 2.0m 6

1.20m
2.0m
 Bracing Frequency

Where to put brace??? Challenge

BAY SIZE LIFT HEIGHT NO BAYS
1.2m bay x 2.0m Lift PER BRACE

2.4m 2.0m 7
1.8m 2.0m 7
1.2m 2.0m 6

1.20m
2.0m
 Bracing Frequency

Where to put brace??? Challenge

BAY SIZE LIFT HEIGHT NO BAYS
1.2m bay x 2.0m Lift PER BRACE

2.4m 2.0m 7
1.8m 2.0m 7
1.2m 2.0m 6

1.20m
2.0m
 Bracing Frequency

Where to put brace??? Challenge

BAY SIZE LIFT HEIGHT NO BAYS
1.2m bay x 2.0m Lift PER BRACE

2.4m 2.0m 7
1.8m 2.0m 7
1.2m 2.0m 6

1.20m
2.0m
 Bracing Frequency

Where to put brace??? Challenge

BAY SIZE LIFT HEIGHT NO BAYS
1.2m bay x 2.0m Lift PER BRACE

2.4m 2.0m 7
1.8m 2.0m 7
1.2m 2.0m 6

1.20m
2.0m
 Safety notes for the proper
Kwikstage Propping
use of Kwikstage Propping
and Decking System
Why is Bracing Important?
Bracing
Typical Plan
Typical Section
Bracing Design

2.5% Vertical Load

OR
1% Vertical Load +
all known
Horizontal Loads
Bracing Design
Alternative Bracing Pattern
Bracing Alternatives
Bracing Alternatives
With & Without Bracing
Alternative to reduce propping ties
Alternatives
Easier Working
Column Box Tie

PLAN SECTION
Eccentric Loading
Eccentric Loading
Freestanding Legs
Freestanding Legs
Slab Openings
Slab Openings
Slab Openings
Support Under Beams
Internal Beam Bracket
Internal Beam Bracket
Internal Beam Bracket

Scaffold Tube for Loading of Internal Beam

increasing capacity of Bracket is increased to
Internal Beam Bracket 10+6.5 = 16.5 kN

Plan Layout
Sloping Formwork
Support to Make-up Areas
Support to Make-up Areas
Support to Make-up Areas
Support to Make-up Areas
Very Tall Mobile Tower
Access Scaffold
Access Scaffold
Thank You…
Basic Falsework Design

Module 6, Page 68
Falsework Loads

Horizontal
1. Wind on formwork
2. Wind on falsework
3. Induced loads from erection tolerances

Vertical
4. Concrete self weight (25 kN/m3)
5. Working loads (1.5 kN/m2)
6. Formwork loads (0.5 kN/m2)
7. Specific plant loads

Module 6, Page 69
Basic Falsework Design

Principle of design
• Basis of design - BS5975:1996 - Falsework

Vertical Loads Horizontal Loads

Concrete 2.5% of 1% of vertical

Formwork vertical load load acting
Working Load Plus acting or horizontally +
horizontally wind load

Module 6, Page 70
Basic Falsework Design

Falsework induced horizontal loads

• Falsework not vertical

• Bearers eccentric in forkhead

Module 6, Page 71
Basic Falsework Design

Module 6, Page 72
Basic Falsework Design

Falsework induced horizontal loads

• Assembly tolerance

• Incorrect bearing at base

Module 6, Page 73
Basic Falsework Design

Module 6, Page 74
Falsework Material

Falsework horizontal load - wind

Module 6, Page 75
 Falsework Material
Scaffold tube 48 mm OD x 3.2 mm tube

Module 6, Page 76
Falsework Material

Module 6, Page 77
 Falsework Material

Braced scaffold system

(a) No diagonal bracing P = 8 kN (b) Diagonal bracing P = 27 kN

Module 6, Page 78
Falsework Material

Module 6, Page 79
 Falsework Material

Unbraced scaffold system

No diagonal bracing

Module 6, Page 80
Falsework Material

Adjustable
Jacks

Module 6, Page 81
Falsework Material

•  Adjustable Props

Graph A Graph B

Module 6, Page 82