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Groups and Periods in The Periodic Table

The document discusses the organization and properties of elements in the periodic table. It is divided into sections on groups/families including alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, other metals, metalloids, non-metals, halogens, noble gases, and rare earth elements. Each group has characteristic properties based on their position in the periodic table, such as number of electrons in the outer shell and reactivity.

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Angelica Camilon
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29 views24 pages

Groups and Periods in The Periodic Table

The document discusses the organization and properties of elements in the periodic table. It is divided into sections on groups/families including alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, other metals, metalloids, non-metals, halogens, noble gases, and rare earth elements. Each group has characteristic properties based on their position in the periodic table, such as number of electrons in the outer shell and reactivity.

Uploaded by

Angelica Camilon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GROUPS AND PERIODS

IN THE PERIODIC
TABLE
LESSON OBJECTIVES
Explain how elements are
organized in a periodic table
FAMILIES ON THE PERIODIC TABLE
• The elements on the periodic table can be
grouped into families based on their chemical
properties
• Each family has a specific name to
differentiate it from the other families in the
periodic table
• Elements in each family react differently with
other elements
GROUP 1A: ALKALI
METALS
The alkali metals make up most of
Group 1, the table's first column

They are also extremely reactive and


will burst into flame or even explode
on contact with water, so chemists
store them in oils or inert gases
GROUP 1A: ALKALI METALS
They are highly reactive and do not occur
freely in nature

They have just one electron in their outer


shell, and they are ready to lose it in ionic
bonding with other elements

They are malleable, ductile, are good


conductors of heat and electricity and are
softer than most metals
GROUPS
Can also be called family
Represented by the vertical
arrangement
Alkali
Metals
of the elements
in the periodic table
Lithium, Sodium and Potassium reacting in water
GROUP 2A: ALKALINE-EARTH
METALS
The alkaline-earth metals make up the
Group 2 of the periodic table, from
beryllium (Be) through radium (Ra)
Each of these elements has two electrons
in its outermost energy level, which makes
the alkaline earths reactive enough that
they're rarely found alone in nature
Alkaline-Earth
Metals
TRANSITION METALS
Groups 3 through 12 include 38
elements called transition metals

They are malleable and ductile and


also conduct heat and electricity

They have valence electrons in more


than one shell and exhibit several
common oxidation states
Transition Metals
Metals
OTHER METALS
Groups 13, 14, and 15 include the other metals

They are malleable and ductile but are not the


same as transition elements

They do not exhibit a variety of oxidation states,


they have valence electrons only in the outer
shells
They are solid, have high density, and are opaque.
Other Metals
METALLOIDS
Found between the metals and
non-metals along a boundary
They have properties of both metals
and non-metals
Some of the metalloids, such as
silicon and germanium, are semi-
conductors
Semi-metals/
Metalloids

Semi-metals are used extensively in computer chips and


other electronics because its electrical conductivity is in
between that of a metal and a nonmetal
NON-METALS
Groups 14-16 are non-metals
They are not able to conduct heat or
electricity well
They are very brittle, can be a gas (oxygen)
or a solid (carbon), have no metallic luster,
do not reflect light
Graphite is a form of pure carbon
HALOGENS
Group 17 includes the halogens
and are five non-metallic
elements
They have 7 electrons in their
outer shells and an oxidation
number of -1
Halogens
NOBLE GASES
Previously called “inert gases” because
they rarely take part in a reaction
They have an oxidation number of 0.
This keeps them from making
compounds easily
Also, all noble gases have 8 electrons
in their outer shell which makes them
very stable
Noble
Gases
RARE EARTH ELEMENTS
They are made up of the lanthanide and
actinide series
One of the lanthanide series elements and
most of the actinide series elements are
synthetic (human-made)
These can be found in group 3 of the
periodic table, and the 6th and 7th
periods
Little Boy Fat Man
Used Uranium-235 Used Plutonium-239

Lanthanide Series

Actinide Series

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