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The Propaganda Movement was a cultural organization formed in 1872 by Filipino expatriates seeking reforms in Spain. Their main platform was the newspaper La Solidaridad, which expressed desires for representation in the Spanish Cortes, abolition of censorship, and prohibiting exile without trial. It was first edited by Graciano Lopez Jaena. When Marcelo H. Del Pilar became editor, the aims expanded to include making the Philippines a Spanish province with equal rights, representation by Filipino priests, and freedom of assembly. Jose Rizal later formed the La Liga Filipina to directly involve the people and seek mutual aid, but the group was disbanded after Rizal's arrest.

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32 views3 pages

REPORt

The Propaganda Movement was a cultural organization formed in 1872 by Filipino expatriates seeking reforms in Spain. Their main platform was the newspaper La Solidaridad, which expressed desires for representation in the Spanish Cortes, abolition of censorship, and prohibiting exile without trial. It was first edited by Graciano Lopez Jaena. When Marcelo H. Del Pilar became editor, the aims expanded to include making the Philippines a Spanish province with equal rights, representation by Filipino priests, and freedom of assembly. Jose Rizal later formed the La Liga Filipina to directly involve the people and seek mutual aid, but the group was disbanded after Rizal's arrest.

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Jose Demesa
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Propaganda Movement – it was a cultural organization formed in 1872 by Filipino

expatriates in Europe (especially those who studied abroad, literate, rich and
noble personalities during the time of Dr. Rizal).

La Solidaridad, a bi-weekly Spanish language broadsheet, became the platform for intelligent
discourse on economic, cultural, political, and social conditions of the country.

La Solidaridad was published to be used in expressing the goal of Propaganda


Movement towards achieving assimilation with Spain. The first issue came out in
February 15, 1889 which it serves as the main organ of the propaganda
movement which will fight against the foreign invaders.

The editorship was first offered to Dr. Rizal, however he refused because during
that time he was busy annotating Antonio de Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas
Filipinas in London. That is why Graciano Lopez Jaena was offered the editorship
and he accepted it.

On April 25, 1889, La Solidaridad published the letter entitled “The Aspirations of
the Filipinos” which desires for:
1. Representation in Cortes
At first, the Philippines was allowed to put a representative in Spanish
Cortes, however most of the Spaniards who worked for their own interests in the
colony stopped this process. This denial became one of the complaints of
propagandists who were seeking for reforms in Spain. That is because they don’t
want the Filipino to meddle or take charge in governing the whole archipelago
that is why they used to hide or not reveal most of their meetings.

2. Abolition of censure
3. Prohibition of existing practices of exiling residents
Propaganda wants to put a prohibition in exiling residents by providing the
right and proper trial which undergoes court procedure and by giving the writ of
execution which will come from the courts of justice before proceeding to such
judgement of exiling.

On December 15, 1889, Marcelo H. Del Pilar replaced Graciano Lopez Jaena as the
editor of La Solidaridad. Under his editorship, the aims of newspaper expanded.
His articles caught the attention of Spanish leaders and ministers. It desires to:
1. The Philippines as a province of Spain
 The propagandists want to make Philippines as a province of Spain and not
a colony.
 Once they become a province, they can put a representative in every court
meeting of the Spanish government.
 They can also enjoy all the rights and privileges of Spanish citizens.
 They would also be obliged to discharge the duties of Spanish citizens.
 The Filipino could not be treated cruelly by the friars and Spanish civil
authorities.
2. Representation Filipino priests instead of Spanish friars
They want Filipino priests to have the right to govern and manage the
church and parishes instead of Dominicans, Augustinians and Franciscans.

3. Freedom of assembly and speech

4. Equal rights before the law (for both Filipino and Spanish plaintiffs)

AIMS OF PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT


1. Recognition of the Philippines as a province of Spain;
2. Representation of the Philippines in the Cortes Generales, the Spanish parliament;
 for them to have someone who will serve as an ear to know what the
Spaniards plan and their movement. Also to send their messages and wants
to the Spanish government.
3. Secularization of Philippine parishes;
4. Legalization of Spanish and Filipino equality;
5. Equal opportunity for Filipinos and Spanish to enter government service
 They want sovereignty or to be recognized as an independent country which will
have the right to govern and manage the resources and to make laws of their own
without consulting to the Spanish government.
6. Creation of a public school system independent of the friars;
 They want to have a real teacher and not parish priests and friars.
7. Abolition of the polo (labor service) and vandala (forced sale of local products to the
government);
8. Guarantee of basic freedoms of speech and association;
9. Recognition of human rights

When upon his return to the Philippines in July, 1892, Rizal organized the La Liga
Filipina, this constituted a forward step in the reformist ideas of the times in the
sense that the new group sought to involve the people directly in the reform
movement. Many elements of society who were anxious for change were attracted
to the Liga, among them, Andres Bonifacio who became one of the founders of the
organization.

As listed in the constitution Rizal prepared, the Liga's aims were:


1. To unite the whole archipelago into one compact, vigorous, and homogenous
body;
2. Mutual protection in every want and necessity;
3. Defense against all violence and injustice;
4. Encouragement of instruction, agriculture, and commerce; and
5. Study and application of reforms.

As Rizal envisioned it, the league was to be a sort of mutual aid and self-help
society dispensing scholarship funds and legal aid, loaning capital and setting up
cooperatives. These were innocent, even naive objectives that could hardly alleviate
the social ills of those times, but the Spanish authorities were so alarmed that they
arrested Rizal on July 6, 1892, a scant four days after the Liga was organized.
With Rizal deported to Dapitan, the Liga became inactive until, through the efforts of
Domingo Franco and Andres Bonifacio, it was reorganized. Apolinario Mabini
became the secretary of the Supreme Council. Upon his suggestion, the
organization decided to declare its support for La Solidaridad and the reforms it
advocated, raise funds for the paper, and defray the expenses of deputies
advocating reforms for the country before the Spanish Cortes.

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