7.

4 Compounds
 Learning Objective
Name some common compounds including oxides, hydroxides, chlorides, sulfates and carbonates
To understand the difference between elements, compounds and mixtures.

Success Criteria
• To identify the number of atoms and elements in a compound.
• To classify substances as elements, compounds and mixtures.
 Learning Objective
Name some common compounds including oxides, hydroxides,
chlorides, sulfates and carbonates

Success Criteria
• Some can name common compounds.
• Most can write chemical formulas
• All can distinguish from element,
compound and mixture.
 Naming Compounds
Warm-up:

Write the chemical

formula for the
compound lithium
oxide.
 Naming Compounds
Each compound has a chemical name.
The chemical name usually tells us the
elements that the compound is made
from.

There are some important rules to

remember when naming compounds.
Rule Number 1
1. If the compound contains a metal,
then the name of the metal comes first
in the name of the compound
Example: LiO
Lithium oxide
 Naming Compounds
Rule Number 2
2. If the compound contains a
non-metal, the name of the non-
metal is usually changed.
For example, the compound
made from sodium and chlorine
is not sodium chlorine, but
sodium chloride.

NaCl
 Naming Compounds
Rule Number 3
3. When a compound has two
different elements, plus a third
element-oxygen.
These compounds often have
names ending with ‘ate’.
For example, a compound
calcium, carbon and oxygen is
called calcium carbonate.
CaCO
 Activities
Activity 1: Naming Compounds Worksheet
(from yesterday, glued and corrected in
notebook).
Activity 2: Unit 7 End of Unit Questions
• Complete 7.1-7.6 on pages 90-91.
Extension: Create a rules poster or diagram
• Create a flowchart or rules poster for naming
compounds with your own examples: oxides,
hydroxides, chlorides, sulfates and carbonates.
Canva.com for digital poster.
• Quiz: Thursday
 Plenary
Activity 1: Create a rules poster or diagram
• Create a flowchart or rules poster for naming
compounds with your own examples:
hydroxides, metals, non-metals, carbonates.

Share your flowchart. What tips and tricks do you

have for your classmates.
 Exit Ticket

Question: How are sodium

and chlorine different from
the compound sodium
chloride?
Can you draw a diagram of
the compound sodium
chloride?
When Elements Combine

Photo courtesy of W. Oelen

Photo courtesy of W. Oelen
(@https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki
(@https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki
/File:Sodium_metal_chunks_in_oil.jpg) -
/File:Chlorine_in_bottle.jpg) - granted
granted under creative commons licence
under creative commons licence -
- attribution
attribution

sodium chlorine
Sodium is a silver-coloured metal Chlorine is a poisonous,
that is soft enough to cut with a yellow-green gas with a strong smell.
knife. It was used as a chemical weapon in
It is very reactive and reacts violently the First World War.
with water.

What do you think will happen when these elements react?

Suggest the properties of the substance that would be produced.
 When Elements Combine
When sodium and chlorine react, they chemically combine to form
sodium chloride.
Sodium chloride is a compound.

Sodium chloride is a white crystalline

solid that dissolves in water.
It is commonly added to food.

The properties of the compound are very different to the properties of the
original elements.

Compound: A substance formed when two or more different

elements are chemically bonded together.
 Iron and Sulfur Demonstration

iron sulfur

Dark grey particles which are Yellow powder which is not

attracted to a magnet. attracted to a magnet.
Iron and Sulfur Demonstration

iron sulfur

a mixture of iron and sulfur

Iron and Sulfur Demonstration
Mixture: A substance consisting of two or more substances not
chemically combined together.

The two elements (iron and sulfur) have been

mixed. They are not chemically combined.

They have the same properties as they did

before they were mixed.

A magnet can be used to separate the iron

from the mixture.
 Mixtures
When the elements iron and sulfur are mixed, the two substances are not
chemically joined together. This is called a mixture.

a mixture of iron
iron sulfur and sulfur

In a mixture:
• The different substances are not chemically joined together.
• You can vary the amount of each substance. For example, you could add
more or less iron to the mixture.
• Each substance keeps its own properties.
• Each substance can be easily separated from the mixture.
Iron and Sulfur Demonstration

When iron and sulfur are heated in a flame,

they chemically combine to form a new
substance: iron sulfide.

Iron sulfide is a compound.

The properties of the compound are different

to the properties of the original elements.

The iron sulfide forms a solid, black lump.

You can no longer separate the iron from the

sulfur with a magnet.
 Compounds
When the elements iron and sulfur react they combine (bond) to make a new
substance called a compound. The compound is called iron sulfide.

+
iron sulfur iron sulfide

In a compound:
• The different elements are chemically joined together.
• You cannot vary the amount of each element. This means iron sulfide
will always contain equal amounts of iron and sulfur.
• The compound has different properties from the elements it is made
from.
• The elements can only be separated using chemical reactions.
Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
element element mixture

iron sulfur iron and sulfur

element element compound

+
iron sulfur iron sulfide
 Element, Compound or Mixture?
Sort the cards into three piles. Be prepared to justify your choices.
 Element, Compound or Mixture?
Label each box with the correct key word: element, compound or mixture.
Element, Compound or Mixture?
elements compounds mixtures
 Chemical Formulae
The chemical symbol for iron is Fe.
The chemical symbol for sulfur is S.

For every atom of iron in iron sulfide, there is one atom of sulfur.

So the chemical formula of the compound is FeS.

What is the chemical formula for the diagram below?

S Fe S Fe

Fe S Fe S

S Fe S Fe
 Chemical Formulae
The chemical symbol for carbon is C.
The chemical symbol for oxygen is O.

Carbon dioxide is a compound made up

of one atom of carbon and two atoms of oxygen.

So the chemical formula of the compound is CO2.

The number 2 is written subscript (this means it is smaller and written below the
line).

The number always comes after the atom it refers to. It tells us how many atoms
of that element are present in the compound.

If there are no numbers after an element symbol, we know there is only one atom
of that element in the compound.
 Chemical Formulae
The chemical symbol for hydrogen is H.
The chemical symbol for oxygen is O.

Water is a compound made up of two atoms of

hydrogen and one atom of oxygen.

What is the chemical formula for water?

The chemical formula for water is H2O.
 Chemical Formulae
Warm-up:

Methane is a compound
made up of 1 atom of
carbon and 4 atoms of
hydrogen.
Write the chemical formula
for the compound methane.
 Modelling Molecules
Each person in the class will be given an element symbol. You will
represent one atom of the element you are given.

On the next slide is a set of molecules. You have 30 seconds to form one
of the molecules shown by finding other atoms in the class to bond with.

If you cannot make a molecule you will be out.

The remaining players will then have 30 seconds to form a different

molecule. If you cannot make a new molecule you will be out.

The game will continue until there is a winning molecule!

 Modelling Molecules

H2 O2 H 2O
hydrogen oxygen water

CO2 CH4
carbon dioxide methane
 Modelling Molecules
Build each of the molecules below.

Which of the molecules are elements and which are compounds?

Atom Colours
H2 O2 H 2O hydrogen
hydrogen oxygen water
oxygen

carbon

CO2 CH4
carbon
methane
dioxide
 Modelling Molecules
Which of the molecules are elements and which are compounds?

Atom Colours
hydrogen (H2) oxygen (O2) water (H2O) hydrogen
element element compound
oxygen

carbon

carbon dioxide (CO2) methane (CH4)

compound compound
 Chemical Formulae
Complete the tables to practise interpreting and writing chemical formulae.
 Chemical Formulae
Compound Formula Number of Elements Number of Atoms

ammonia NH3 2 4

methane CH4 2 5

sodium chloride NaCl 2 2

calcium carbonate CaCO3 3 5

sulfuric acid H2SO4 3 7

sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 4 6

acetic acid CH3COOH 3 8

 Chemical Formulae
Compound Number of Atoms Formula
1 atom of hydrogen and 1
hydrochloric acid HCl
atom of chlorine
2 atoms of carbon and 4
ethene C2 H 4
atoms of hydrogen
2 atoms of aluminium and 3
aluminium oxide Al2O3
atoms of oxygen
1 atom of hydrogen, 1 atom
nitric acid of nitrogen and 3 atoms of HNO3
oxygen
1 atom of sodium, 1 atom of
sodium hydroxide oxygen and 1 atom of NaOH
hydrogen
6 atoms of carbon, 12 atoms
glucose of hydrogen and 6 atoms of C6H12O6
oxygen
Compound and Mixture Properties