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Volcanoes

Volcanoes form when magma from the Earth's interior reaches the surface. They are usually cone-shaped mountains created by eruptions of lava and ash. The main types of volcanoes include shield volcanoes, which erupt frequently but gently; composite volcanoes, which alternate between lava and ash eruptions and can have more explosive eruptions; and cinder cone volcanoes, which form steep cones from eruptions of fragmented lava. Large volcanic eruptions can form caldera volcanoes, which leave large depressions in the Earth's surface. Volcanoes are classified as active, dormant, or extinct based on their recent eruptive history.

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77 views21 pages

Volcanoes

Volcanoes form when magma from the Earth's interior reaches the surface. They are usually cone-shaped mountains created by eruptions of lava and ash. The main types of volcanoes include shield volcanoes, which erupt frequently but gently; composite volcanoes, which alternate between lava and ash eruptions and can have more explosive eruptions; and cinder cone volcanoes, which form steep cones from eruptions of fragmented lava. Large volcanic eruptions can form caldera volcanoes, which leave large depressions in the Earth's surface. Volcanoes are classified as active, dormant, or extinct based on their recent eruptive history.

Uploaded by

Richel Escalante Maglunsod
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VOLCANOES

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WHAT IS VOLCANOES?
•Volcanoes form when
magma reaches the
Earth’s surface, causing
eruptions of lava and ash.
CHARACTERISTICS OF VOLCANOES
•A volcano is formed by eruptions of lava
and ash.
•Volcanoes are usually cone shaped
mountains or hills.
•When magma reaches the Earth's surface it
is called lava. When the lava cools, it forms
CHARACTERISTICS OF VOLCANOES
•Volcanic eruptions can happen
at destructive and constructive
boundaries, but not
at conservative boundaries or collision
zones.
•Some volcanoes happen underwater, along
the seabed or ocean floor.
CHARACTERISTICS OF VOLCANOES
• Magma rises through cracks or weaknesses in
the Earth's crust.
• Pressure builds up inside the Earth.
• When this pressure is released, eg as a result of
plate movement, magma explodes to the
surface causing a volcanic eruption.
• The lava from the eruption cools to form new
crust.
PARTS OF THE VOLCANO
• Magma Chamber
– collection of
magma inside the
Earth, below the
volcano.
• Main Vent – main
outlet for the
magma to escape.
PARTS OF THE VOLCANO

• Secondary vents
– smaller outlet
through which
magma escapes.
• Crater – created
after an eruption
blows the top off
the volcano.
PACIFIC RING OF FIRE
MAUNA LOA IN HAWAII
• World’s largest volcano, located on the south-
central part of the island of Hawaii
• It rises to 13,677 feet (4,169 metres) above sea
level
• Its dome is 75 miles (120 km) long and 64 miles
(103 km) wide.
• It has erupted some three dozen times since its first
well-documented eruption in 1843
LET’S WATCH THIS LINK!!!!!!

•https://youtu.be/4a4ZBL9Ga
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SHIELD VOLCANOES
• Shield volcanoes are usually
found at constructive
boundaries.
• They are low, with gently
sloping sides.
• They are formed by eruptions
of thin, runny lava.
• Eruptions tend to be frequent
but relatively gentle.
• Example: Mauna Kea in
Hawaii, USA or the Galapagos
islands
COMPOSITE VOLCANOES

• Composite volcanoes are


made up of alternating
layers of lava and ash
(other volcanoes just
consist of lava).
• They are usually found
at destructive
boundaries.
COMPOSITE VOLCANOES

• The eruptions from these


volcanoes may be a
pyroclastic flow rather than
a lava flow.
• A pyroclastic flow can roll
down the sides of a
volcano at very high
speeds and with
temperatures of over
400°C.
CINDER-CONE VOLCANO (SCORIA)

• Cinder cones named after


the igneous rocks.
• Typically symmetrical; can
be asymmetric if wind was
blowing during and
eruption and rock landed on
one side.
• Relatively low altitude (300
– 1200 ft.)
CINDER-CONE VOLCANO (SCORIA)

• Eruptions can be slow as


lava squeezes through
vents, or explosive when
gas builds up underneath
the dome
• Often for within the craters
of composite volcanoes
• Results of a thick and sticky
lava flow
CALDERA (SUPERVOLCANOES)

• it erupts at least 1,000 km3 of


material (a large volcano erupts
around 1 km3);
• it forms a depression, called a
caldera (a volcano forms a cone
shape);
• often has a ridge of higher land
around it;
• erupts less frequently - eruptions
are hundreds of thousands of years
apart.
STAGES OF CALDERA
VOLCANOES ARE CLASSIFIED BASED
ON THEIR ACTIVITY
• Active volcanoes – have recent history of
eruptions; they are likely erupted again.
• Dormant volcanoes – have not erupted for a
very long time but may erupt at a future time.
• Extinct volcanoes – not expected to erupt in
the future.
ACTIVE
VOLCANO
• Mount Hibok-
Hibok (also
known as
Catarman
Volcano) is a
stratovolcano
on Camiguin
Island in the This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

Philippines.
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