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Living Organisms and Their Environment

This document discusses key concepts relating to organisms and their environments, including habitats, populations, communities, niches, and different types of habitats such as aquatic and terrestrial. It also covers components of soil, methods for sampling populations and species, and techniques for counting populations.

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Samuel
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90 views16 pages

Living Organisms and Their Environment

This document discusses key concepts relating to organisms and their environments, including habitats, populations, communities, niches, and different types of habitats such as aquatic and terrestrial. It also covers components of soil, methods for sampling populations and species, and techniques for counting populations.

Uploaded by

Samuel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Living organisms and

their environment
Mr.A.Mohammed
Presentation College Chaguanas
Environment
• The surroundings or conditions in which a person ,animal or plant lives or
operates.
• These conditions are dependent on biotic factors( living things) and
abiotic factors such as wind ,water ,light and temperature.
habitats
• The place where an organism lives.
• E.g a fish in a pond. The pond is the habitat for the fish.
• Reasons for a habitat includes food,water ,shelter ,mate and respiratory
gases
• Based on the habitat animals will have various adaptations to survive in
the habitat
Populations
• Agroup of organisms of the same species living together in a habitat
• E.g a population of mosquito larvae in a barrel
Community
• All species of organisms found living together in a particular place
• E.g. all the different populations located in a pond make up the
community of the pond.
Niche
• The role or position of an organism in a community
• E.g. an egret feeding on the edge of a pond. The niche of the egret is the
water’s edge. There are no other organisms in this niche.
Types of habitats
• Aquatic-unique in terms of how aquatic factors impact on living organisms
in aquatic habitats.
• Unique factors of aquatic habitats include :
• A).water movement
• B).water speed
• C).depth
• D) water clarity
Types of habitats continued..
• E).oxygen availability
• F).Salinity

• TERRESTRIAL habitats – these habitats are usually influenced by the soil


type they contain which leads to the type of vegetation which in turn
leads to the animal population present.
Types of soil
• Sandy soils-very little organic matter , fairly large rock particles , large air
spaces drains, water rapidly.
• Clay soils –very small rock particles , very little air spaces , retains water
well ,drainage low.
• Loam soils- mixture of small and large rock particles , contains organic
matter , has adequate air spaces and drains water well.
Components of soil
• Rock particles –anchors root
• Organic matter – adds fertilty
• Air- for living organisms
• Water- for living organisms to thrive
• Macroorganisms –earthworms ,ants
• Microorganisms – bacteria and fungi
ACTIVITY
• You are required to choose a jar and take 3 jars of soil samples from e
different locations.
• Use your knowledge of soils to determine the type of soil found in each
sample.

• Email your answer.


Sampling
• The action of using various methods and equipment to analyse data in a
specific region(s).
• Usually biologists sample to determine the species density , species
frequency , species abundance and distribution of a species.
Sampling continued…
• Species density/richness –The number of species found in a sampled area
• Species frequency –The number of times a species is found in a given
number of quadrat throws.
• Species abundance – the number of species per species
• Distribution of a species –where the species is found and how it is spread
out in area.
Methods to sample
• Transect method
• Line or a strip that crosses the entire area of study
• Using a tape measure intervals are marked on the transect
• Walk along the transect and record the species of plants found at the
intervals you marked on the transect.
Methods to sample
• Quadrat/grid method
• A square grid frame usually made 10 cm by 10 cm to hold 100 squares in
grid
• Quadrat is thrown randomly
• Quadrat grid is used to find the percentage of the area covered by each
species by counting the number of squares in which you find each
species .
Counting populations
• Involves actual counting number of the species captured
• Trap method
• Pooter method (sucking up species)
• Invite female to lay eggs (mosquito)
• Nets

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