BEGINNING

OF THE
RESEARCH
 BEGINNING OF THE
RESEARCH
The first chapter of the research paper is to entitled “The
problem” or “The problem and it's back ground”. Its purpose is
to introduce the problem and clarify important variables, its
delimitation and it's significance to the field of study. It has the
following essential elements
1. Introduction

2. Statement of the problem

3. Scope and delimitation

4. Significance of the study

5. Notes in chapter 1
 It should also be noted the researcher has to introduce the different elements
of the first chapter by giving a brief description of each element so that the
reader knows what to expect from the chapter

EXAMPLE:
This chapter presents the different essential elements: the introduction,
which contains rationale (an explanation of the reasons for the conduct
of the research); the review of literature and statistical foundation; the
statement if the general specific problems; the scope and delimitation
which identifies the major variables, sub-variables and the indicators;
the significance of the study which enumerates the beneficiaries of the
study and the corresponding benefits each will receive; and lastly the
notations.
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
The introduction is important in establishing the
cognitive setting of the research. It has the following
elements:

1. Rationalization of the need to research on the

problem.

2. Clarification of the important terminologies for the

reader to easily understand what the research is about.

3. Establishment of the degree of seriousness of the

problem which prompted the researcher to look for
solutions.
 The following question can aid the
researcher in formulating the introduction:
1. What is the rationale of the problem?
This question is answered by sharing the reasons why the
researchers decided to look for solutions to the problem. A
rationale may include the narration of personal experiences, a
description of an article read, a scene witnessed, a news
hears, or theory that needs to be clarified. The researcher
should describe the existing and prevailing problem based on
his or her experience. The score may be local, national, or
international. Ideally, the rationale can start from a global
perspective to a more personal one.
EXAMPLE

As a grade 12 student, Arjohn David,

experienced some difficulties in
performing well because of various
factors such as the attitude of his teacher
as well as their teaching methods, the
absence of laboratory facilities, and
inadequacy of books in the library. He is
having difficulties in his quizzes and
class performance.
2. What is the setting
of the problem?
The settings forms of the part of the delimitation of
other study. It defines the geographic boundaries and
certain demographic characteristics of the research.
This describes the place where the research was
conducted, since the setting had a significant bearing on
the variables being studied. In the description of the
settings, its distinctive characteristic must be
highlighted.
EXAMPLE

Puting Capunitan Elementary School is one of the

barrio school's in Orion, Bataan where most
enrollees are from disadvantaged families whose
immediate ancestors are either laborers or fish
folks. This school is one of the schools with
poorly performing students in their division
according to the Department of Education.
 3. WHAT IS THE BASIC LITERATURE OF
THE STUDY?
This is different from the review of the related theories,
conceptual literature, and research literally. This part seeks to
provide the researcher clarity on the terms or variables used in the
study. The terms and variables must be clear to the researcher for
an easy understanding of the readers. As such, sufficient
background can assist the investigator in determining the
boundaries of the study. This part is derived from different
literature sources. The use of various references is crucial in this
part of the first chapter
 EXAMPLE
As teaching is considered to be a complex activity (Medley, as
cited in lqbal, 1996), the scholars and the researchers in the field
of education have since long been exploring into and analyzing
the teaching phenomenon. Teaching is an arrangement and
manipulation of a situation which a learner tries to overcome the
learning problems. Teaching is also multidimensional set of
activities intended to facilitate learning (Torrington et al.,2003).
However, it is universally recognized that teachers instructional
performance plays a key role in students learning and academic
achievement (Panda and Mohanty, 2003)
4. How serious is the
chosen research problem?

The researcher is task to identify the intensity and

magnitude of the problem. When the gravity of the
problem has already been described, he or she may
then gauge the kind of actions to be used to identify
the problem. in most cases, the researcher at this
point looks for statistical or quantitative evidence to
assess the significance of the problem at hand.
EXAMPLE

Based on the DepEd Division Memo

series 2012, among the 12 schools with
the most poorly performing student’s,
Putting Capunitan Elementary Schools
ranked 12th.
5. What is the general objective
of the problem?
This is the general statement of the
problem or the major tasks of the
researcher to discharge and should also
be the basis of the enumerated
statements of specific problems.
 EXAMPLE

With the abovementioned scenario and situations,

it is the main objective of the researcher to
determine the common reasons of the poor
performance of the students. Therefore, the
researcher findings on that objective become the
basis of an intervention program for school
effectiveness.
6. What is the overall purpose
of the problem?

It is important to note that the

researcher must be totally aware of
the purpose of the researcher problem.
He or she must fully understand the
implications of the resulting findings
of the study.
EXAMPLE
This is mainly for the purpose of
letting the students acquire the
needed competencies before
graduation and enabling the
school to perform better in the
regional achievement
examinations.
 SUMMARY
BEGINNING OF THE RESEARCH
The first chapter of the research paper is to entitled “The problem” or “The problem and it's back ground”. Its purpose is to
introduce the problem and clarify important variables, its delimitation and it's significance to the field of study.
The following essential elements The introduction is important in establishing the
1. Introduction cognitive setting of the research. It has the following
2. Statement of the problem elements:
3. Scope and delimitation
4. Significance of the study 1. Rationalization of the need to
5. Notes in chapter 1 research on the problem.
2. Clarification of the important
The following question can aid the researcher in terminologies for the reader to easily
formulating the introduction: understand what the research is about.
3. Establishment of the degree of
1. What is the rationale of the problem? seriousness of the problem which
2. What is the setting of the problem? prompted the researcher to look for
3.What is the basic literature of the study? solutions.
4. How serious is the chosen problem?
5. What is the general objective of the problem?
6. What is the overall purpose of the study?
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING