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Chapter 1

This document provides information about chemical reactions and equations. It defines different types of chemical reactions including combination, decomposition, displacement, and redox reactions. It provides examples of each type of reaction and activities to balance chemical equations and observe different reactions. Key topics covered include oxidation, reduction, corrosion, and rancidity. Elements of the periodic table are also listed.

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32 views51 pages

Chapter 1

This document provides information about chemical reactions and equations. It defines different types of chemical reactions including combination, decomposition, displacement, and redox reactions. It provides examples of each type of reaction and activities to balance chemical equations and observe different reactions. Key topics covered include oxidation, reduction, corrosion, and rancidity. Elements of the periodic table are also listed.

Uploaded by

QUADRA GAMING
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1

Chemical Reactions & Equations


Difference

• Chemical change and Physical change


Periodic Table

• Dynamic Periodic Table - Wikipedia.html


Elements
1 - H - Hydrogen 11 - Na - Sodium 21 - Sc - Scandium
2 - He - Helium 12 - Mg - Magnesium 22 - Ti - Titanium
3 - Li - Lithium 13 - Al - Aluminium 23 - V - Vanadium
4 - Be - Beryllium 14 - Si - Silicon 24 - Cr - Chromium
5 - B - Boron 15 - P - Phosphorus 25 - Mn - Manganese
6 - C - Carbon 16 - S - Sulphur 26 - Fe - Iron
7 - N - Nitrogen 17 - Cl - Chlorine 27 - Co - Cobalt
8 - O - Oxygen 18 - Ar - Argon 28 - Ni - Nickel
9 - F - Fluorine 19 - K - Potassium 29 - Cu - Copper
20 - Ca - Calcium 30 - Zn - Zinc
10 - Ne - Neon
Latin names
Element Symbol Latin Name
Antimony Sb Stibium
Copper Cu Cuprum
Gold Au Aurum
Iron Fe Ferrum
Lead Pb Plumbum
Mercury Hg Hydragyrum
Potassium K Kalium
Silver Ag Argentum
Sodium Na Natrium
Tin Sn Stannum
Tungsten W Wolfram
Valency
Chemical reaction

• The process of interaction of substances to form new


substance is called chemical reaction
• Indications of chemical changes
• Change in state
• Change in colour
• Evolution of gas or precipitates
• Change in temperature
Chemical reactions in daily life
• Milk changes into curd
• Rusting
• Rancidity
• Fermentation
• Cooking
• Burning
• Digestion
• Respiration
• Photosynthesis
Describe chemical reaction
• Three ways to describe chemical reation
Describe the chemical reaction in words
Write a chemical equation using words
Write a chemical equation using symbols
Chemical equation

•Reactants
States of matter Products
• (s)  Solid
• (l)  Liquid
• (g)  Gas
• (aq)  Aqueous
Activity 1.1

Magnesium Magnesium Oxide


Oxygen
(Silvery-white) (White)

• 1.1.mp4
Activity 1.2

Lead nitrate Potassium Iodide Lead iodide Potassium nitrate


(colourless) (colourless) (Yellow) (grey)

• 1.2.mp4
Activity 1.3

Zinc Hydrochloric Acid Zinc chloride Hydrogen

• 1.3.mp4
Balancing the chemical equation

• Unbalanced chemical equation (Skeletal chemical equation)

• Balanced chemical equation


Balance the following chemical reactions
Answer

•3
Balance by MNOH method
Answer
Balance by ABCD method
Answer

•4
Types of chemical reactions
• Combination reaction
• Decomposition reaction
• Displacement reaction
• Double displacement reaction
• Oxidation
• Reduction
• Redox
Combination reaction (Exothermic)

• Reaction in which single product is formed from two or


more reactants is called combination reaction
• In most combination reactions heat is released along with
the formation of products
• Reactions in which heat is released along with the
formation of products is called exothermic reactions
Examples
• Formation of slaked lime by the reaction of calcium oxide with water

• Burning of coal

• Formation of water from H2 and O2

• Burning of natural gas

• Respiration

• Decomposition
Activity 1.4

Calcium Oxide Water Calcium Hydroxide

• This reaction is used in white washing

• 1.4.mp4
• 1.4 (2).mp4
Remember
• CaO (Calcium oxide) (Quick lime) (Burnt lime) (Lime)
• Ca(OH)2 (Calcium hydroxide) (Slaked lime)
• CaCO3 (Calcium carbonate) (Lime stone) (Chalk) (Marble)
(Calcite)
Remember
Remember

CaO

H 2O
at
He

CaCO3 Ca(OH)2
CO2
Decomposition reaction (endothermic)
• Reaction in which two or more than two products are formed
from one reactant is called decomposition reaction
• Reaction in which single reactant breaks down to form
simpler products is called decomposition reaction
• Many decomposition reactions absorbs heat, light or
electrical energy from their surrounding to break the bonds
present in reactant to form products
• Reaction in which energy is absorbed is called endothermic
reaction
Examples
• Thermal decomposition

• Electrolysis of water

• Decomposition by light
Activity 1.5

Iron(ii) sulphate Iron(iii) oxide Sulphur dioxide Sulphur trioxide

• FeSO4  green colour


• Fe2O3  Reddish brown colour

• 1.5.mp4
Activity 1.6

Lead Nitrate Lead Oxide Nitrogen Dioxide Oxygen

• Pb(NO3)2  White
• PbO  Yellow colour
• NO2  Brown
• 1.6.mp4
Activity 1.7

• + terminal  anode
• - terminal  cathode
• + ion  cation
• - ion  anion

• 1.7.mp4
Activity 1.8

Silver Chloride Silver Chlorine

• AgCl  White colour


• Ag  silver colour
• This reaction is used in black and white photography

• 1.8.mp4
Displacement Reaction
• Reaction in which an atom or group of atoms is displaced by
other atom or group of atoms is called displacement reaction
• Highly reactive atom can displace less reactive atom
• Reactivity series is as follows
• K > Na > Ca > Mg > Al > Zn > Fe > Pb > [H] > Cu > Hg > Ag >
Au > Pt
• Potassium > Sodium > Calcium > Magnesium > Aluminium >
Zinc > Iron > Lead > Hydrogen > Copper > Mercury > Silver
> Gold > Platinum
• Please Send Camel Monkey And Zebra In Large Hidden
Containers With More Solid Ghost Painted
Examples
Activity 1.9

Iron Copper Sulphate Iron(ii) Sulphate Copper

• Fe  Silvery shiny colour


• Cu  Brownish colour
• FeSO4  Pale green colour
• CuSO4  Blue colour

• 1.9.mp4
Double displacement reaction

• Reaction in which there is an exchange of ions between


the reactants is called double displacement reaction
Example
Activity 1.10

Sodium sulphate Barium chloride Barium sulphate Sodium chloride

• Na2SO4  colourless
• BaCl2  colourless
• BaSO4  White colour
Oxidation

• Reaction in which oxygen is added or hydrogen is


removed is called oxidation
• Substance which gains oxygen or loses hydrogen is said to
be oxidised
• Substance which oxidises other substance is called an
oxidising agent
Example

• Cu is getting oxidises in CuO


• O2 is an oxidising agent
Reduction

• Reaction in which hydrogen is added or oxygen is


removed is called reduction
• Substance which gains hydrogen or loses oxygen is said to
be reduced
• Substance which reduces other substance is called a
reducing agent
Example

• CuO is getting reduced in Cu


• H2 is a reducing agent
Redox

• Reaction in which oxidation and reduction both occurs


simultaneously is called redox

• In redox one substance will be oxidised and other will be


reduced
Example

ZnO is getting reduced to Zn


C is getting oxidised CO

MnO2 is getting reduced MnCl2


HCl is getting oxidised Cl2
Note

• Substance which will be oxidised is also a


reducing agent
• Substance which will be reduced is also an
oxidising agent
Corrosion

• Many metals, due to air and moisture, forms an oxide


layer on their surface. This process is called corrosion
Drawbacks of corrosion

• Metal surface becomes dull


• Integrity and strength of metal artefact weakens
Prevent corrosion

• Coat of oil
• Coat of paint
• Galvanization
• Chrome plating
• Alloys
Rancidity

• When fat and oils present in food get oxidised, they


become rancid and their smell and taste change. This
process is called rancidity.
Prevent rancidity

• Antioxidants
• Vacuum packing
• Adding inert gas
• Refrigeration
• Packing of food

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