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Module-2 Basic Electricity

This document provides an overview of basic electricity concepts. It defines electricity as the flow of electrons from one place to another due to applied voltage. An electric circuit is described as a closed loop that allows electric charges to flow through elements like voltage, resistance/load, and a conductor. The key components needed for an electric circuit and basic knowledge of electricity are outlined. Atoms, electrons, conductors, insulators, and semiconductors are defined. Electric measurement tools, voltage types, and the different types of electric circuits - series, parallel, and series-parallel - are also summarized.

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66 views16 pages

Module-2 Basic Electricity

This document provides an overview of basic electricity concepts. It defines electricity as the flow of electrons from one place to another due to applied voltage. An electric circuit is described as a closed loop that allows electric charges to flow through elements like voltage, resistance/load, and a conductor. The key components needed for an electric circuit and basic knowledge of electricity are outlined. Atoms, electrons, conductors, insulators, and semiconductors are defined. Electric measurement tools, voltage types, and the different types of electric circuits - series, parallel, and series-parallel - are also summarized.

Uploaded by

nyawargakkoang2019
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module-2 Basic Electricity

What is Electricity?
Is it the flow of electrons from one place to another place due to
applied voltage.
What is Electric circuit?
An electric circuit is a closed loop of electric elements where electric
charges flow.
Any arrangement of materials that provide a path for electrons flow
• To do the One electric circuit which materials are needed?
Voltage
Resistance/load
Conductor
All this three elements are important for electric circuit.
• what is need for one person to have a knowledge on electricity
Electric current
Voltage
Electric power
Resistance
Elements
• Substance whose molecules are formed by atoms of the same type
Atoms
• Smallest piece of an element containing all of the properties of that element.
• Component of an atom
Nucleus: it is the central part of atom it contain protons and neutrons
Protons: positively charged atom particles
Neutrons: Uncharged atom particles
Electrons: Negatively charged particles
• Electron flow
An electron from one orbit can knock out an electron from another orbit
Electricity is created as electrons collide and transfer from atom to atom.
Conductors: electrons flow easily between atoms
1-3 valance electrons in outer
orbit(Example:silver,copper,Aluminum,steel,iron,seawater etc)
Insulators: electron flow is difficult between atoms
5-8 valence electrons in outer orbit(Examples: pure water,Rubber,oil,Air,Dry
wood,Dry cotton,Plastic,Fiberglass, Dry paper, Diamond, mica,Glass,Quartz etc)
Semi-conductors: semiconductor they have high conductivity
(Germanium,Silicon,phosphorus,Antimony etc)
Electric measurement tools
• Ammeter
• Voltmeter
• Resistance
• Electrical energy and electrical power
• Ac voltage
• Single phase(Hotline and neutral)
• In the Ethiopia standard the 220V/50HZ, +10% and -20% tolerance (176-240V)
• Three phase
• The three it four wire, three wire are hotline and one wire is neutral
line(380V,50HZ)
Electrical energy and electrical power
• Types of electrical circuits
Series circuit
Parallel circuit
Series-parallel circuit
Series circuit:
 Defination and Properties
 All components are connected end-to end form single path for current flow.
 Components are connected in successive order
 Only one path for electron flow
 Current is the same for all series components because electrons only have one path to flow
through
 More components=more resistance
 Increase resistance=decrease current flow
 Less current=less bright bulbs
 As voltage increase, current increase
 Applications
Advantage and disadvantage
Advantage
 Easy to design, build and repair the circuit
 Less size of wire cables is required in series wiring
 The lifespan of battery in series circuit is more as compared to parallel
 It is acts as a current regulator.
Disadvantage
 If one resistor breaks the entire series is turned off.
 More device(resistor) in a series circuit the less current passes through(dimmer
bulbs)
 Since the current is constant in a series circuit we are forced to use only those
Applications
 Series battery connection
 Voltage divider circuit
Parallel circuit
Definition and properties
 Each parallel path is a branch with its own individual current.
 Parallel circuits have one common voltage across all brances,
however individual branch current can be different
 Since components are directly connected across the voltage source,
they must have the same potential as the source.
 Therefore,the voltage is the same across component connected in
parallel
 The componts required the same voltage would be
Advantages and
The more device in a parallel circuit does not decrease the current
 If one resistor break the rest do not
 The parallel circuit divides the current throught
 Disadvantages
 Current does not stay the same for entire circuit
 It require a lot of wiring
Applications
 In every house , electrical wiring is done in the parallel circuit
 It is used in DC power supply of the automobile industry
 The computer hardware can be designed through this parallel
Series-parallel circuit
 Definition and properties
 It is a combination of series and parallel circuits
 If circuit components are series connected in some parts and parallel in
others, we won’t be able to apply a singles set of rules to every parts of
that circuits. Instead we will have to identify which parts of that circuits
are series and which parts are parallel, then selectively apply series and
parallel rules as necessary to determine what is happening.
 The current outside the branches of a combination circuit is everywhere
the same
 The current inside of the branches is always less than that outside the
branches
• Applications
• When we need to generate large power in a range of Giga-watts for
large PV system plans we need to connect modules in series-
parallel
• Used in decoder. Encoders, multiplexers

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