SAN AGUSTIN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Senior High School Department

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

Week 4: Learning from

Others and Reviewing the
Literature
FERNANDO B. ENAD
PhD, MSc, FMERU, FMERC, LPT
Faculty Member, Senior HS Department
San Agustin NHS
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Outline

• Review
• Today’s Topic

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Review

What are the steps in a successful literature search according to Health

Services Management Center Library?

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Review

What are the steps in a successful literature search according to Health

Services Management Center Library?
• Step 1: Decide on your research question in your own words.
• Step 2: Define the terms and concepts
• Step 3: Use Boolean operators
• Step 4: Limit your search
• Step 5: Select the right database
• Step 6: Start searching!

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 Day 3
Citing Related Literature Using APA (American
Psychological Association)
How is Literature Review Done the SANHS Way?

All reviews related to theoretical frameworks, legal basis (if any), and related
studies are discussed in the Theoretical Background.

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Theoretical Background

A theoretical background refers to the framework and theoretical tools used to

analyze experiments or studies. It provides the necessary theoretical
foundation for understanding and interpreting the results presented in a thesis
or research paper.

The SANHS Way:

- Introduction
- Theoretical Underpinnings
- Legal Basis
- Related Studies
- Synthesis

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Theoretical Background

The SANHS Way:

- Introduction: Discuss again the study's objectives and introduce the
theories used as the framework.
- Theoretical Underpinnings: Discuss these theories and their use in the
study.
- Legal Basis: Discuss the legal basis and their significance to the study.
- Related Studies: Discuss the available facts of the related studies and
conclude with a highlight on the research gap.
- Synthesis: Synthesize the review and end powerfully.

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Technology Integration in Physical Education: Perspectives on the Effect of Technology
Integration on Students’ Engagement and Learning Outcomes (Pareja, 2024)
Integrating technology within educational management practices is pivotal in the contemporary educational landscape. As
technology continues to shape the educational landscape, this literature review delves into key theories that guide the study's objective
of determining the impact of technology integration in educational management on students’ engagement and learning outcomes. The
theories explored include Technology Leadership Theory and Innovation Diffusion Theory. Through a comprehensive examination of
these theories, the study aims to gain profound insights into the interplay of integrating technology into students’ engagement and
learning outcomes in educational management viewed in the area of Physical Education in selected schools in Maryland, USA.
Technology Leadership Theory, as articulated by Zhao et al. (2002), provides a comprehensive framework for understanding
the intricate relationship between leadership and the successful integration of technology within educational institutions. The crux of
this theory lies in emphasizing the pivotal role of educational leaders in steering the course of technological adoption and application.
According to this theory, educational leaders serve as the architects of change, responsible for envisioning, effectively
communicating, and championing technology in the educational milieu. Leaders are envisaged as catalysts for innovation, instrumental
in fostering a collective vision that extends beyond mere technological implementation. Within the educational setting, this involves
creating a robust vision for technology use that aligns with the institution's goals.
…
In summary, through the model, these theories collectively contribute to a comprehensive exploration of the impact of
technology integration on students’ engagement and learning outcomes. They provide valuable frameworks for understanding the
nuanced dynamics between technology integration and student experiences in the selected schools in Maryland, USA.

Introduction and Theoretical

Underpinnings
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Technology Integration in Physical Education: Perspectives on the Effect of Technology
Integration on Students’ Engagement and Learning Outcomes (Pareja, 2024)
In this study, the researcher also conducted an extensive and comprehensive review of relevant literature published within the last five years.
The literature search encompassed academic journals, research papers, and reputable sources, aiming to determine the impact of technology
integration on students’ engagement and learning outcomes in the selected Maryland, USA schools. By delving into diverse publications, this review
ensured a holistic understanding of the subject matter, laying the groundwork for a well-informed and insightful exploration of the research topic.
The existing literature provides valuable insights into integrating technology in educational settings, specifically focusing on its effect on
students’ engagement and learning outcomes. One notable study conducted by Villena-Taranilla et al. (2022) explored the effects of virtual reality
(VR) on learning outcomes in K-6 education and bears significant relevance to the current study investigating the impact of technology integration in
the classroom on students' engagement and learning outcomes. While Villena-Taranilla's (2022) research specifically focuses on VR, its findings
contribute to the broader discourse on the efficacy of integrating technology into educational settings.
In the current study, which aims to understand the effects of technology integration on students' engagement and learning outcomes, the
insights from Villena-Taranilla's (2022) meta-analysis provide a noteworthy parallel. The positive correlation between immersive VR and enhanced
learning outcomes aligns with the overarching goal of the current study—to examine how various forms of technology integration impact students'
academic engagement and performance.
…
While these studies offer valuable insights, it is important to note that most focus on either students’ engagement or learning outcomes rather
than holistically considering both, and either are too general or specific to an area, particularly in Mathematics. The limited literature addressing the
effects of technology integration on engagement and learning outcomes in the classrooms emphasizes the need for more research in this area.
Consequently, the current study seeks to fill this gap by providing a focused investigation into the impact of technology integration in physical
education settings, offering a more comprehensive understanding of its effects on student engagement and learning outcomes.

Related Studies

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Technology Integration in Physical Education: Perspectives on the Effect of Technology
Integration on Students’ Engagement and Learning Outcomes (Pareja, 2024)

The theories, models, related literature, and studies accentuated that

classrooms have willingly adapted to technology trends to foster student
learning. Technology integration in the classroom has become increasingly
prevalent in educational settings, raising questions about its impact. Despite
technology's growing availability and use in the classroom, examining its effect
on students’ engagement and learning outcomes is necessary to ensure
effective implementation. Hence, this study intends to determine the impact of
technology on students’ engagement and learning outcomes, focusing on
understanding the relationship between technology use, students’ engagement,
and academic achievement viewed in the area of Physical Education (PE).

Synthesis

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What to Take Note When Reviewing Related Literature
• It should be within the last 5 years except for Theories or Legal Basis.
• Take note of the author/s, date, title, and source.
• Take note of the result and the implication of the related study.
• Start building up the Theoretical Background.

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What to Take Note When Reviewing Related Literature
• It should be within the last 5 years except for Theories or Legal Basis.
• Take note of the author/s, date, title, and source.
• Read the Abstract and take note of the result and the implication of the
related study.
• Start building up the Theoretical Background.

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Do Not Forget to Cite Sources!
What is a citation?
• A citation is a formal reference to a published or unpublished source that
you consulted and obtained information from while writing your research
paper.

What style should be used?

• APA (American Psychological Association) style shall be used.

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The Need to Cite
According to Baraceros (2016), the following are the purpose of citation.
• To give importance and respect to other people for what they know about the field
• To give authority, validity, and credibility to other people’s claims, conclusions, and arguments
• To prove your broad and extensive reading of authentic and relevant materials about your topic
• To help readers find contact the sources of ideas easily
• To permit readers to check the accuracy of your work and
• To save yourself from plagiarism

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How to Cite
• References: a complete list of all reading materials, including books, journals,
periodicals, etc., from where the borrowed ideas came from.

• Citation: references within the main body of the text, especially in Review of Related
Literature. (This is our focus for now)

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Patterns of Citation
• Summary
• Paraphrase
• Short Direct Quotation
• Long Direct Quotation

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Patterns of Citation
• Summary: The citation in this case is shortened version of the original text that is
expressed in your own language. Making the text short, you have to pick out only
the most important ideas or aspect of the text.

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Patterns of Citation
• Paraphrase: This is the antithesis of the first one because, here, instead of
shortening the form of the text, you explain what the text means to you using your
own words. In doing so, it is possible that your explanations may decrease or
exceed the number of words of the original text

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Patterns of Citation
• Short Direct Quotation: Only a part of the author’s sentence, the whole sentence,
or several sentences, not exceeding 40 words, is what you can quote or repeat in
writing through this citation pattern. Since this makes you copy the exact words of
the writer, it is necessary that you give the number of the page where the readers
can find the copied words.

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Patterns of Citation
• Long Direct Quotation: Named in many ways, this citation pattern mane you copy
the author’s exact words numbering from 40 to 100 words. Under APAA, the limit is
eight (8) lines. Placed at the center of the page with no indentation, the copied lines
look like they compose a stanza of a poem.

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Important Notes in Citation (APA Style)
• When the date is unavailable, use n.d. for note date; e.g., Enad (n.d.).
• For sources with no author, use the title instead of the author or you may use the
name of the Organization; e.g., DepEd (2023).
• Two author’s names in parenthesis, use &; e.g., Enad & Tampos (2013).
• Two author’s names as part of the narrative, use “and”; e.g., Enad and Tampos
(2013) claimed that.
• More than two author’s names, only use the lead author and et al.; e.g., Orginal:
Enad, Tampos, Ayento (2013) to Enad et al. (2013)

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Activity
Make a citation for this Abstract

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Activity
Make a citation for this Abstract

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