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2.physical - Properties of Matter

The document discusses various physical properties of matter including viscosity, conductivity, malleability, hardness, melting and boiling points, and density. It provides examples of each property and how properties can be used to identify materials, choose materials for specific purposes, and separate mixtures using techniques like filtration and distillation.

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Ralph Rezin Moore
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22 views17 pages

2.physical - Properties of Matter

The document discusses various physical properties of matter including viscosity, conductivity, malleability, hardness, melting and boiling points, and density. It provides examples of each property and how properties can be used to identify materials, choose materials for specific purposes, and separate mixtures using techniques like filtration and distillation.

Uploaded by

Ralph Rezin Moore
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Properties of Matter

What is a physical property?


• A quality that of the material that can be seen
or measured without changing the
composition of the material (without changing
what its made of)
• Physical Properties:
– Viscosity - Melting point
– Conductivity - Boiling point
– Malleability - Density
– Hardness
Examples of Physical Properties
• Viscosity : the tendency of a liquid to keep
from flowing, a liquid’s resistance to flowing.
– The greater the viscosity, the slower the liquid
moves
– Examples: honey and corn syrup
Discuss Viscosity
• Turn to your neighbor…in 30 seconds
– Choose two liquids to compare
– Explain which of the two has a higher
viscosity (which one resists flowing the
most)
– Listen as your neighbor does the same
thing (compares two new liquids)
Conductivity
• A materials ability to allow heat to flow

• Which spoon should you choose for stirring a


pot of soup heating on the stove?
Wooden spoon or metal Spoon?

Why did you choose the spoon that you did?


Malleability
• The ability of a solid to be hammered (by
compressive forces) without shattering
• Most metals are very malleable
• Other objects such as glass or fine china are
easily broken
Ductility
• The ability of a material to be stretched thin
when tensile stress is applied (into a wire)
• Copper most ductile of all metal, hence are
used for wiring electrical in homes
Hardness
• One simple way to compare two materials is
to see which one will scratch the other one

• Which ever scratches the other is the harder


of the two

• A Diamond is the hardest known material and


a 10 on Mohs scale of hardness
Examples
Provide an example for each of the following

Something with high conductivity

Something easily malleable

Something that is softer than glass


Melting / Boiling Points
Melting point: the temperature at which a
substance changes from a solid to a liquid
For water normally occurs at 0o C
Boiling point: the temperature at which a
substance boils
For water normally occurs at 100o C
Density
Recall that density is the ratio of the mass of a
substance and its volume.

This ratio can be used to test the purity of a


substance

Density = mass / volume


Sponge

Brick
Using Physical Properties
Physical properties are used to identify a
material, to choose a material for a specific
purpose, or to separate the substances of a
mixture.
Using Properties to Choose Materials
The properties of a material determine which
materials are chosen for which uses.

Example: You would not want shoe laces made


of wood because they would not be flexible
Using Properties to Separate Mixtures

Some properties can be used to separate


mixtures

Filtration and Distillation are two common


separation methods
Filtration
Is a process that separates materials based on
the size of their particles

Example: Using a strainer to remove tea leaves


from a pot of tea
Distillation
Is a process that separates the substances in a
solution based on their boiling points

Example: on submarines sea water is boiled, the


clean gas collected and cooled for drinking
and the undrinkable compound left behind

*This works because the clean water has a


different boiling temperature than the
compounds
Recognizing Physical Changes
Physical change occurs when some of the
properties of a material change, but the
substances in the material remain the same.

Examples: crumpling a piece of paper and


heating butter in a pan

*Actions change the shape of the materials but


not their composition

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