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Major Diseases of Groundnut

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Anup Hamal
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70 views13 pages

Major Diseases of Groundnut

Uploaded by

Anup Hamal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Welcome

Major diseases of groundnut


Tikka leaf spot
Early leaf spot : Cercospora arachidicola
Late leaf spot : Cercospora personata

Symptoms of early leaf spot


• Most conspicuous symptoms are observed on leaflets
• Elongated, elliptical spots with definite border are seen
• The lesions developed are irregular and bigger in size
• Yellow halo develops around the leaf spots from very beginning

continued…………..
Symptoms of late spots
• The spots on leaves are circular with bright yellow halo and are darker
than the early leaf spots
• The lesions are dark brown or black and found on both surface of leaf
• Later on, the yellow halo develops around the leaf spot
• Spots are restricted to upper surface of leaf
• On the other surface spots are light brown to tan coloured
• Several spots coalesce and result in drying of leaves

continued…………..
Management
• Remove and destroy the infected plant derbis
• Eradicate infected plants
• Crop rotation with millets
• Early maturing varieties of crops can help to minimize disease
• Use phosphatic and potassic manures
• Use resistant varieties
• Spray Bordeaux mixture
• Seed treatment with Captan or Thiram @ 4gm/kg or Carbendazim @
0.2%
• Spray 0.1% Carbendazim or 0.2% Mancozeb
Rust : Puccinia arachidis
Symptoms
• The disease attacks all aerial parts of plant
• The disease is usually found when the plants are about 6 weeks old
• Orange colored pustules appear on lower surface of leaves
• Small, necrotic, brown spots appear on upper surface of leaves
• The rust pustules may be seen on petioles and stem
• In severe infection lower leaves dry and drop prematurely

continued………….
Management
• Remove alternate host
• Proper quarantine procedures prevent the spread of disease
• Spray Bordeaux mixture and dithiocarbamates
• Spray chlorothalonil or tridemorph @ 0.2%
• Mycoparasites such as Verticillium lecanii, Penicillium spp. etc. parasitize
rust pathogen
Pepper leaf spot or leaf scorch
leptosphaerulina crassiasca
Symptoms of leaf spot
• Minute, numerous, irregular to circular, dark brown to black spots appear
on lower leaves
• The size may vary from 0.5 to 1.0 mm
• Such spots appear on both sides of leaflets however they are more
common on upper surface
• Infected leaflets remain attached to axis for about 30 days without notable
change in size of spots
Symptoms of leaf scorch
• Symptoms frequently develops on the tips and occasionally on the margin of
leaflets
• The wedge shaped lesions have bright yellow zone along the periphery of their
advancing margins
• Drying tissue become dark brown and tends to break along the leaflet margin

Management
• Remove and destroy the infected plant derbis
• Remove alternate hosts
• Use resistant varieties
• Treat seed with captan or thiram
• Spray carbendazim @ 0.1% or mancozeb @ 0.2%
Stem rot
sclerotium rolfsii
Symptoms
• It affects collar region of stem
• It causes sudden wilting of branches
• Leaflets become chlorotic to light green and then turn brown
• Wilting is caused due to invasion of stem at or near soil surface
• Orange to brown colored spots can be observed on pods
• In severe infection white mycelium is seen on pods leading to rotting of
pods
Management
• Avoid mono-culturing of groundnut
• Deep summer ploughing
• Grow bahia grass as trap crop for stem rot
• Seed treatment with thiram @ 0.3% followed by Trichoderma viride @
4gm/kg seed
• Multiply T. viride in FYM for 15 days and apply before sowing
Bud necrosis or peanut spotted wilt or
groundnut ring mosaic
Casual organism is Tomato spotted wilt virus
Symptoms
• Necrotic spots and irregularly shaped lesions develop on leaves and petioles
• Stem also exhibits necrotic streaks
• As plant matures, it becomes generally stunted with short internodes and auxillary
shoots
• Leaflets on these shoots shows symptoms including reduction in size, distortion of
lamina, mosaic mottling and general chlorosis
continued…………..
• In advanced condition, the necrosis of bud occurs
• Drastic reduction in flowering is noticed
• Seed produced are abnormally small and wrinkled with the dark black
lesions

Management
• Collect and destroy infected plants
• Grow resistant varieties
• Maintain optimum plant population and spacing
• Intercropping with bajra
• Spray monochrotophus @ 1.6 ml/litre or dimethoate @ 2ml/litre for
vector control
The end

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