CHAPTER 1

NATURE OF INQUIRY
AND RESEARCH
 OBJECTIVES
• Identify research experiences and knowledge*
• Recognize the importance of research in daily life*
• Describes characteristics, processes, and ethics of
research
• Differentiates quantitative from qualitative research
• Provide examples of research in areas of interest
Inquiry and Research
Inquiry or Research?
1. How much is the one piece bread roll in
the canteen?
2. What is the level of satisfaction of the
SHS students to the canteen services?
 INQUIRY is asking questions to
obtain information

An inquiry can be launched to get

behind the common understanding of
certain issues, events, and
circumstances that are otherwise
difficult to comprehend due to some
 RESEARCHmeans “to look again”

Research then reexamining and

reinvestigating a particular topic
or issue following logical steps
 There are three major steps in
the process of research
(Creswell 2002)

Asking Finding the Presenting an

right data to answer to the
the question based on
question answer the the processed data
Research Process
 RESEARCH
PROCESS
Describes the various steps the
study will pass through starting
from identification of the problem
to utilization of the results of the
study.
A Identification of the Problem
B Literature Review

C Setting the direction of the

study
D Collecting, analyzing, and
interpreting data
E Evaluation and report
writing
F Community application or utilization of
research
A. Identification of the
Problem
The researcher points
out the area that needs
further study or
investigation given the
current state of
 B. Literature Review
The researcher checks for
related materials on the
topic that are available
that could serve as a
starting point or reference
Research Gap
Areas that need
further research
Note: The research
gap will be the basis
for the purpose of the
study
C. Setting the direction of the
study
This contains the purpose
of the study, the research
questions, and the manner
in which the study will be
conducted or the
Purpose of the
Study
explains why the
study is needed.
Research Questions
narrow down the
problem to
manageable and
feasible tasks which
will be carried out in
 Methodology
describes how to
obtain and process the
materials and
information needed to
answer the research
questions.
D. Collecting, Analyzing, and
Interpreting Data
the materials and needed
information are gathered,
analyzed, and interpreted.
D. Collecting, Analyzing, and
Interpreting Data
The treatment of the data
depends on the approach
that will be used
appropriate for the study.
E. Evaluation and Report
Writing
From the analyzed data,
conclusion and learning
are drawn.
 Conclusion
is the synthesized
answer to the research
questions which is also
the answer to the
problem identified in
the study.
Conclusion of the
Study
will be the basis for
the recommendations
that define the actions
and interventions that
could impact the
context where the
problem emanates.
F. Community Application or
Utilization of Research
the result of the study is
disseminated back to the
community
Importance of Doing
Research
 RESEARCH is important in the
creation of value that can be
classified in three ways (Creswell
a. It adds to 2012):
the existing body
of knowledge
b. It can improve or enhance
current practices
c. It can inform policy
 a. It adds to the
existing body of
knowledge
The findings in a research study can provide added
information to better understand issues or phenomena by
confirming or contesting previous results.
 Example:
College Educators Life
Balance during K-12
Transition:
The study exploredFocus on Wellness
the relationship of K-12 Action
Plans to educators' life balance (Ramos, 2019).
b. It can improve or enhance
current practices
Research can evaluate current practices in terms of
effectiveness and efficiency
 Effectiveness refers to
the ability of a practice
to produce the set goal
or social value, while
efficiency refers to the
facility in producing
the social value.
 Example:
Teacher-Parent Collaborative
Ethics in Facilitating Students'
Homework
The study highlighted the role of teachers in initiating
collaboration with parents in doing the homework of the
students (Miguel & Abulon, 2019).
 c. It can inform policy
The results of a research study can be a starting point for
changing policies that could affect the whole organization,
community, or society.
 A policy, law, or
regulation can be
drawn as a
response or
intervention to the
new information
obtained in a
 Example:
Urban Poor and Climate
Adaptation: The Issue of
Equity in Two Emerging
The studyUrban
looked atAreas
equity issueofin Eastern
the climate adaptation
Indonesia
particularly in the context of the urban poor (Fathoni, 2018).
Characteristics of a
Good Research
 The qualities can be
summarized into five
major characteristics:
a. Rigorous
b. Replicable
c. Accurate
d. Objective
e. Ethical
 A.
Rigorous
The conduct of research must be
systematic, scientific, and logical.
 A.
Rigorous
It must follow clear and logical
procedures aimed at answering the
research problem.
 B.
Replicable
It is not enough that the
results are only true for a
single situation. They must
have a certain degree of
generalizability
 C.
Accurate
The data that will be used to answer
the questions must be representative
of the actual responses of the
participants or actual data as recorded
in the instruments used.
 D.
Objective
In the analysis of data, the personal
bias of the researcher must be
managed well.
 E.
ETHICAL
Data or information from respondents
must be handled with utmost
confidentiality and honesty. Credit
must also be given where it is due.
Major Approaches in
Research and Areas of
Interests
A research study
can be either
qualitative
research or
quantitative
research.
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
answers the problem
by describing the
trend in a set of data
often presented as
frequency or
percentage
 Literature review
plays a big role in
establishing the
context of the study,
including the kind of
questions that will be
asked.
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
By the name itself,
quantitative research
deals with numerical
representations of a
phenomenon.
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
By the name itself,
quantitative research
deals with numerical
representations of a
phenomenon.
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
Can be used to:
Evaluate work performance
Predict upcoming trends
Determine preference of
customers
Psychometric Tests
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
Example:
Students' Perception of the
Safety and Security of the
Boarding Houses Around
Philippine Normal
University Mindanao
QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
can be described
generally as being
concerned with the
details of the
phenomenon as
Related literature comes
handy as a support to or
an enrichment of the
phenomenon.
 QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
deals with the narrative
responses of the
participants.
 QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
can be used to:
Identify important
variables
Obtain persona and
cultural information
Talk about experiences
 QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
EXAMPLE:
Elementary Science
Teachers of Biñan City
Towards Self-Efficacy
Ethics in Research
The ethics review board
makes sure that no
rights are violated in the
conduct of the study and
related laws are
observed like the Data
Privacy Act of 2012.
It is vital that their
identities are kept
confidential and in
anonymity.
In data gathering,
proper protocol
must be
observed.
 The researcher
must also be
sensitive in
minimizing the
disruption of
activities of those
who will be
 Plagiarism and
intellectual
dishonesty too
have no place in
research.
Any manipulation of data could be
detrimental to the welfare of the
community involved.
 Credible results of
the study must not
just be kept in
libraries but must be
shared and
disseminated to
make real impact on
Thank you for listening!
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