RESEARCH CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH

coined from two words: the prefix re-, which means Realistic
“again,” and the word search, meaning “to look for based on direct experience or actual observation of
something” the researcher.
“to look for something again.” Logical
defined as a systematic and organized process of based on valid, definite principles, frameworks, and
collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data procedures.
to find answers to people’s queries. Cyclical
improving the quality of life. starts with a problem and ends with another.
Analytical
AIMS OF RESEARCH utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering
Verification of Existing Knowledge the data, whether historical, descriptive,
verify or prove the veracity of existing theories experimental, and case study.
Acquisition of New Knowledge Objective
bring forth new ideas regarding a theory or create a must be free from bias
new one. Critical
Application of New Knowledge exhibits careful and precise judgment.
utilizing and translating the ideas in research to Replicable
something useful to humankind. design and procedures are replicated or repeated to
Advancement of the Researcher’s Expertise enable the researcher to arrive at valid and
gain relevant experience that will enhance and conclusive results.
deepen their knowledge

FUNCTIONS IF RESEARCH
Exploration
to provide a foundation for future studies
Description
to give additional information on newly discovered
ideas that are results of exploration
Explanation
to explain relationships existing between variables

SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH
To gather necessary information ETHICS
To make changes defined as the process of applying moral standards and
To improve the standard of living principles in any undertaking.
For a safer life concept of research, ethics may be defined as a
To know the truth methodology or perspective in making sound and right
To explore our history decisions
To understand arts
IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS IN RESEARCH
keeps the researcher from committing misconduct and
protecting the rights of the respondents humans or
animals.
promotes essential values that help researchers to have
a common understanding
Many research-funding sources and institutions choose
to support research studies that have high regard for
moral and social values.
ETHICAL PRINCIPLES IN CONDUCTING RESEARCH KINDS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Honesty PHENOMENOLOGY
Intellectual honesty must be upheld in the It is the study of how people give meaning to their
planning, execution, and writing of the research
experiences, like the death of loved ones, care for
report.
the people, and friendliness of the people.
must be transparent, stating all concerns so as not
ETHNOGRAPHY
to deceive the respondents and other researchers.
It is understanding of how a particular cultural
Objectivity
group goes about their daily lives
must be free from any forms of bias.
GROUNDED THEORY
Integrity
This occurs when a researcher discovers a new
The research must uphold sincerity and
consistency. theory based on the data collected.
Carefulness. CASE STUDY
Any research must be free of careless errors of This study involves an investigation of a person,
negligence. group, organization, or situation for a long period of
Openness. time to explain why such things occur to the subject
researchers must still be open to constructive under study.
criticisms. CONTENT AND DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
Respect for intellectual property This method requires the examination or analysis of
Ideas, copyrights, patents, and other forms of the substance or content of the communication that
intellectual property owned by other individuals takes place through letters, books, journals,
must be acknowledged properly HISTORICAL ANALYSIS
Trustworthiness This is the study of primary documents to explain
The researcher must keep all data confidential for the connection of past events to the present time.
the protection of the respondents
Social and legal responsibility
RESEARCH TITLE
Legalities, rules, and regulations of an institution
summarizes the main idea or ideas of your study.
or government must be considered when
gives weight and reputation to the research paper.
conducting a study.

According to Maxine Hairston and Michael Keene (2003), a

3 ETHICAL ISSUES IN RESEARCH
good title has several functions:
Animal Rights and Welfare in Research
Reduce It predicts content.
Refine It catches the reader’s interest.
Replace It reflects the tone or slant of the piece of writing.
Human Rights in Research It contains keywords that will make it easy to access by
Scientific Misconduct a computer search.

QUALITATIVE ELEMENTS OF A RESEARCH TITLE

research studies that investigate the quality of Aim (Purpose)
relationships, activities, situations, or materials. “Why do I want to conduct this study?”
(Fraenkel 2007) Topic (Subject Matter)
develop an in-depth explanation of a phenomenon. “What do I want to study about?”
described by its aims, methodology, and the kind of Place (Locale)
data collected to understand the different facts of “Where do I conduct this study?”
social life.
Period (Time duration)
Qualitative data are collected in the form of pictures
“How long will it take for me to finish the study?”
or words rather than numbers.
Population or respondents
Qualitative research aims to understand the
“From whom will my data come from or be
experiences and attitudes of people and community.
collected?”
Qualitative research is common in social sciences,
psychology, and other related fields.
SAMPLE RESEARCH TITLE
Research Title
“Problems Met by Science and Mathematics Teachers in
The Impact of the El Nino to the Way of Life of the
Public High Schools in NCR for the S.Y. 2005-2006 to S.Y.
Filipino Farmers
2010-2011”
General Problem
Aim: To determine/to identify/to find out the problems
This study attempts to document the effects of El
met by science and math teachers
Nino on the way of life of the Filipino farmers.
Topic: Science and mathematics learning
Specific Problems
Place: Public high schools in NCR
What are the effects of El Nino on the production of
Period: Six years
agricultural products of Filipino farmers?
Population: Science and Mathematics teachers

RESEARCH PAPER
TYPES OF RESEARCH QUESTION
form of academic writing that provides analysis,
Factor-isolating questions.
interpretation, and argument about a specific topic.
The purpose of these questions is to categorize or
requires you to demonstrate a strong knowledge of
name factors and situations.
your topic and engage with a variety of sources to
Factor-relating questions.
acquire new information
This aims to establish relationships between the
factors that have been identified.
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
Situation-relating questions.
PARTS OF THE INTRODUCTION
This aims to see the changes that might happen to
A. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
one variable when the other variable changes.
gives the readers important information about the
Situation-producing questions.
research being conducted.
These questions lead to promote an explicit course
provides a brief explanation of how the study was
of action or conditions under which a goal could be
conceived,
accomplished.
purpose is to help the researcher prove the relevance
of the research question
FEATURES
cites the reason why the researcher chooses to study a
particular topic.
describes the setting or the place where the research
will take place.
presents bases that may support or negate the claims
of the researcher.
It gives justification for the need for the research study

B. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

heart of a research study
It is where the general and specific problems or
objectives are stated.
general problem or goal based on the research title is
the introductory statement.
Followed by the specific problems or objectives.
Research problems are written in the interrogative
form.
Research objectives are written in the declarative
form.