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Drat Part 1-Lp2 - June 2020

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4 views33 pages

Drat Part 1-Lp2 - June 2020

Uploaded by

kaush
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Dental

Radiography
MDA – Chapters 38 to 42
Comp – Chapters 21 to 23
Ailsa Trottier CDAII, CAE
Part 1
MDA – Chapter 38
Comp – chapter 21
Protection For The
Patient
MDA - Page 550
ALARA
 “As Low As Reasonably Achievable”
 Lowest possible exposure to radiation for
the patient and still achieve the required
results
 Proper working machine
 Fastest speed of dental film if using film
 Use PID and film or sensor/PSP holding
devices to reduce exposure
 Use good exposure techniques
 Lead aprons and thyroid collars for all
patients
Patient Protection
 Thyroid collar, lead apron, fast film (if using film)
and film holding devices can be used to protect
the patient to excess exposure
Lead Apron
 Must be used for all patients for all
exposures
 Should cover the patient from the thyroid
extending to the gonadal area
 The thickness of the lead in the apron is
0.25mm
 NEVER fold a lead apron, always drape it
over a bar or hang it up
Thyroid Collar
 Must be worn by all patients for all
exposures
 Used to protect the thyroid gland and the
parathyroid gland
Protection for the Patient
 When taking a radiographic image on a child
the accompanying adult can sit in the chair
holding the child.
 The apron goes over both the child and the
adult.

UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES SHOULD THE


ASSISTANT STAY IN THE ROOM WITH
THE CHILD OR SIT IN THE CHAIR
Protection For The
Operator
MDA - Page 552
 X-ray unit should be located at the most
distant point possible from heavy traffic
 Operatory walls must be lead lined
 Operator must be 9 feet away and at a
135 degree angle from the source of the
radiation
 NEVER hold the film/sensor/PSP for the
patient
 NEVER use faulty equipment
 ALWAYS wear gloves and practice
universal precautions
NDS
 The wearing of a radiation monitoring device –
dosimeter – will measure the amount of radiation
the operator is exposed to, if any
 This is monitored by National Dosimetry Service
branch of Health Canada on a quarterly basis
 Every three months they send replacement
badges
 The exposed badges are returned to Health
Canada to have them “read”
 A report is sent to you with any and all readings
Radiation Physics
MDA - Page 537 to 539
Comp – Page 473 to 477
The Atom
 Smallest particle of an element
 Contains positively charged nucleus which
contains protons (carry a positive electric
charge) and neutrons (no electrical charge)
surrounded by negatively charged electrons
 They are equally balanced (positively and
negatively)
 Remains stable until an outside force
causes an imbalance creating an ion
 All matter is made up of atoms
The Atom
Ionization

 An Ion is an atom that gains or loses an


electron and becomes electrically
unbalanced – becomes “charged”
 Ionization is the production of ions, or the
process of converting an atom into ions
 Deals with the electrons only
Radiation
 The emission of energy through space or a
substance in the form of waves or particles
 Two types of ionizing radiation
 Particulate
 Electromagnetic
Particulate Radiation
 Particlesof matter that posses mass and
travel in a straight line at high speeds
Electromagnetic Radiation

 Varying wavelengths of energy


 Have no mass or weight
 Travels at the speed of visible light
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Cosmic
 Background radiation is environmental and is all around us
 Originates from the stars and the sun

Infrared
 Ability to penetrate tissue and is harmful

Ultraviolet
 From the sun, are able to penetrate tissue and are
harmful
Gamma rays
 Most harmful and capable of ionization
 Are highest on the spectrum for penetrating ability and
have the shortest wavelength i.e. x-rays
Electromagnetic spectrum
 The longer the wavelength the weaker its
ability to penetrate matter.

 The shorter the wavelength the greater its


ability to penetrate matter.
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Wave Concept
 Characterizes electromagnetic radiation as
waves and focuses on the properties of
velocity, wavelength and frequency
 Velocity
 Speed of the wave
 Wavelength
 The distance between the crest of one wave to
the crest of the next wave
 Determines the energy and the penetrating
power of the radiation
Wave Concept
 Frequency
 Refers to the number of wavelengths that pass a
given point in a certain amount of time
X-Radiation
 Interactswith the materials it penetrates
and causes ionization
 lose or gain an electron
Types of Radiation
MDA - Page 544
Comp – Page 474
Primary Radiation
 Central beam or primary beam
 The stream of radiation as it is emitted
from the x-ray unit tube head through the
open end of the lead lined PID
 The patient is the ONLY person who should
be in the path of the primary beam
Secondary Radiation
 Given off by the item exposed to radiation
 Patients soft tissue, bone, teeth
 Adjacent tissues become irradiated
 Less penetrating than primary radiation
Scatter Radiation
 Similar to secondary radiation but is
deflected from its path during impact
 Travels in all directions and impossible to
confine
 Longer and weaker wave lengths
Leakage Radiation
 Emitted from the machine because of a
crack or fault in the machine
Background Radiation
 Environmental radiation
 Cosmic rays and those given off by the
earth
 Natural is of little concern because we live
with it every day
 Man made is more concerning –
 Radiation treatment for cancer, dental x-
rays, microwaves, etc
Properties of X-Rays
 Travel at the speed of light & in a straight line
 It penetrates matter
 Produces a latent image
 Causes objects to become fluorescent (glow) in
certain materials
 Produces ionization
 Is invisible and odourless
 Cannot penetrate lead or certain thicknesses
of gypsum
 Causes biological changes (absorbed)
 It is cumulative

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