Commu

nication
for
Academ
Purposive Communication - Group 9
Agenda
• Academic
Communication
• Types of Academic
Communication
• Key Components of
Effective Academic
Communication
• Challenges in Academic
What is academic
communication
•it includes the words and structures used
to express ideas, as well as the methods by
which ideas are disseminated.
•Communication for academic purposes
refers to the exchange of information,
ideas, and knowledge within an academic
context.
•It involves various forms of communication
such as writing academic papers,
presenting research findings, participating
in academic discussions, and engaging in
Importance of
effective
communication in
•Well developed communication skills are vital to
academic
a settings
child's academic success.
•fostering open lines of communication,
educators establish trust, respect, and rapport
with their students
•Students with strong communication skills can
express their ideas clearly and concisely, making
it easier for them to participate in class
discussions, ask questions, and seek help when
needed.
 What is
Research
• Research involves identifying,
testing, or solving a problem by
investigating and inquiry into a
theory or problem.
• Research is a practical method for
finding answers and solutions to
existing problems, often involving
a thorough search and careful
examination of existing
 Purpose
• Research in the new millennium leads to
scientific and technological
advancements, improving quality-of-life
and providing solutions to endless
problems, making it a continuous process.
 Characteristics of
R-
Research RESEARCH WORKS
W - ell - done
esolute
E- O-
S - tatistical
ssential R-
bjective
ESound
- estricted
K - nowledge -
A-
mperical laden
S-
ccurate
R - esult-
ystematic
C - ritical
oriented
H - ypothesis -
based
Types of Research
Based on Based on
Purpose Method
• Basic • Historical Research
Research • Descriptive
• Applied Research
Research • Correlational
• Developme Research
nt Research • Ex Post Facto
Research
 Based on Purpose
Basic Applied Development
Research Research Research
• Basic research • Applied research, • Development
focuses on or action research is
developing research, is the systematic work
scientific practical using existing
knowledge, application of knowledge to
developing knowledge, often produce new
abstract theories, in social science materials,
and testing areas, involving products, devices,
hypotheses, large-scale processes,
while uncovering studies and data systems, and
social collection services, often
Based on Method
Historical Research Descriptive Research

• Historical research is a • Descriptive research,

critical investigation of focusing on discovering
past events, ideas and insights, uses
developments, and qualitative and
experiences, focusing on quantitative methods to
the past through original describe population
documents or characteristics, such as
eyewitness interviews. exploratory or normative
Based on Method
Correlational Research ExPost Facto Research

• Correlational research is • Ex post facto research is

a method that involves a systematic empirical
collecting data from a study that evaluates
group of subjects to differences between pre-
determine the existing groups on a
relationship between dependent variable
those data sets. without direct control of
independent variables.
Based on Method
Evaluation Research Experimental Research

• Evaluation research • Experimental research is

assesses program value, a laboratory-based study
merit, and worth using two sets of
through formative and variables, including field
summative methods, experiments and quasi-
aiming to gather experimental research,
valuable insights from involving experimental
stakeholders and and control groups.
Discourse
• It is the specific style used in the
academic world in both written and
verbal communication.

Forms of discourse
• Exposition
• Description
• Narration
• Argumentation
 Discourse
Exposition

Weaver (1957) defines exposition

as writing that aims to clarify facts
or ideas, providing a clear
understanding of a thing's nature,
function, and relationships. This
type of writing satisfies the
objectives of exposition.
 Discourse
Description

Description, a major type of

writing, involves the writer
transferring their observation and
sense of impression to the reader,
encompassing various forms of
discourse like exposition, narration,
or argumentation.
 Discourse
Narration

Narration is a discourse technique that

tells a series of events from one's
perspective, with the writer having a
vested interest or a subjective
attitude. Techniques like first-person
narration and third-person narration
allow for varied examination of
 Discourse
Argumentation

Rottenburg (1988) defines

argumentation as a discourse used to
persuade others to accept our
opinions, based on reasoned
discourse. It involves examining
evidence, reaching a conclusion, and
the relationship between the evidence
Parts of
argumentation
• The claim or proposition
• The support
• The warrant
 The Claim or
Proposition
This is the part where individuals take
their stand, claim, or proposition

Claims of Claims of Claims of Policy

Fact Value
Assert that a Value claims are The statement asserts
condition has attempts to justify or the need for a specific
existed still exists or disapprove of daily policy as a solution to
will exist based on life and morality, problems, using logic,
facts or data that often arising from and emotion, and
the readers or debates about what considering opposing
audience will accept is good or bad, viewpoints, often using
as being objectively beautiful or ugly. the words should,
 The support
• Support materials, including
evidence and motivational
appeals, are used by the arguer to
convince an audience of the
soundness of their claim.
 The Warrant
• A warrant is an assumption or
belief that guarantees reliability in
an argument, ensuring the
soundness of the relationship
between support and claim.
 IMRaD Format
IMRaD format is a short, concise structure for
scientific articles in healthcare and natural sciences.
It is commonly used for conference presentations
and journal publications. Universities can also use
this format for students' final research reports,
ensuring coherence, completeness, and
comprehensiveness.
IMRaD
Format
• Introduction
• Methodology/Method
• Results and Discussion
• Bibliography
 Writing Process
Write a thesis Find multiple
Decide on a
statment credible sources
Topic
• The paper's • The thesis • Reputable sources
assigner may statement, typically like libraries,
choose a well- found at the end of educational
the introduction websites, and
researched topic,
paragraph, outlines scientific journals
simplifying the are essential for
the research's core
research process enhancing the
idea and author's
and providing the credibility of your
perspective,
necessary material ensuring clarity and study, as public-
for a clear and understanding for modified resources
 Writing Process
Organize the Write the
Write the outline
information introduction
• Collect material to • An outline is • The introduction
support your thesis essential for should clearly state
statement, sort writing a the purpose and
research into research paper, aim of the paper,
subtopics, and include starting with a followed by a
relevant details about thesis captivating
sources. Cite sources statement, sentence,
when acquiring supporting main elaborating on the
information, such as points, details, major theme, and
dividing a paper into and citations for concluding with a
 Writing Process
Write body paragraphs Write a conclusion

• The paragraphs should • The conclusion

provide essential points summarizes the
and supporting facts, research, supporting the
derived from the outline, thesis statement, and
explaining major ideas, provides a general
research, and related overview, concluding
terms, providing with a single sentence
background information, outlining the overall
 Writing Process
List your resources Edit and revise

• The research article • Editing and revision are

should include a list of crucial for research
resources used, often on papers, as editing
the last page, with the focuses on sentence
title varying based on the mechanics and revision
citation style. Sources on the overall flow of the
should include the research report.
author's name, paper
title, and publication date,
 Other
Genre of
1 Academic
2 3 4
Article
Critique Writing
Literature
Review
Project
Proposal
Position
Paper
Verbal
Communicatio
• Presentation
-Oral presentation short talk on a set topic
given to a tutorial or seminar group.

n
•Classroom discussion
Is an interactive exchange of ideas, opinions,
and information among students and the teacher
within the classroom setting.
•Project presentation
A project presentation is a formal
communication where individuals or groups
showcase their work, findings, or ideas to an
audience.
Non-verbal
Communicatio
•Using visual aids
Technical writing uses visual aids such as
tables, drawing, graphs, charts and others to

n
facilitate comprehension of statics and
interpretation of data.
•Web-based presentation
Is a presentation that can be played, viewed
and presented using a web browser.
 Key
Components of
Effective
Academic
 7Cs of effective
academic
communication
Correctness Clarity Completeness
-Provide only appropriate content -Use precise, exact, and - Include all the components or
or message concrete terms parts of a report
-Present well-organized or well- -Avoid highfalutin words - Give additional information
crafted ideas -Watch out for clichés, wherever or whenever it's
-Be consistency in tense, voice, hackneyed expressions, required.
mood, pronoun reference, tone runabout phrases, and - Help in decision making for
and even level of language even jargon. the buyer/customer.
-Observe emphasis in style and
- Convince the readers of his
purpose.
credibility and reliability.
-Be particular with spelling,
- Be concise and prec
punctuation, format, syntax, and
 7Cs of effective
academic
communication
Conciseness Consideration
- Utilize active over passive - Utilize the "YOU ATTITUDE instead of "WE or I
voice. ATTITUDE":
- Watch out for unnecessary - Focus on what is possible to achieve rather
than what is impossible to achieve.
terms
- Offer alternatives for things that are
- Avoid redundancy. impossible to achieve.
- Be precise. - Not assume that the reader infers correctly.
He should explain the significance and/or
relevance of the information explicitly
7Cs of effective
academic
communication
Concretenes Courtesy
s
- Use specific facts, figures, - Utilize magic words
and even dates - Apply sandwich
- Be sincere. psychology approach
- Use words that build the - Use politically correct
reputation and maintain terms
goodwill.
Audience Awareness
Clarity and Focus
Understanding your audience helps tailor your communication for
better comprehension.

Engagement and Credibility

Considering your audience's background knowledge and interests
allows you to present information in a way that resonates with
them, fostering engagement and establishing your credibility.

Purposeful Communication
Knowing your audience helps ensure your message aligns with
their needs and learning objectives. You can prioritize the most
relevant information and present it in a way that supports their
 Audience Awareness
Strategies for Audience Awareness in
Identify Your Audience Academic
Consider the specific group you're addressing. Are they students in an
introductory course, peers in your field, or a broader academic
community?

Analyze Their Needs

What is their existing knowledge of the topic? What are their learning
goals? Are there any specific challenges or interests they might have?

Tailor Your Approach

Based on the above, adapt your language, examples, and level of detail.
 Audience Awareness
Strategies for Audience Awareness in
Consider Formality Academic
Academic writing generally leans towards a formal tone. However, the
formality can vary depending on the audience and specific

Cite Sources Credibility

When referencing information, choose credible sources relevant to your
audience's field of study. This demonstrates your own understanding and
strengthens your argument.

Anticipate Questions
Consider potential questions your audience might have and address them
proactively in your communication.
Proper Use of
Language and Style
CLASSIFICATION OF WORDS

1. Localism refers to a word used and understood in a

particular region or section. It can also be called recognition
or pronunciation.
Examples: rustler- cattle thief
doggie/doggy- motherless calf
flat - apartment

2. Colloquialism is a conversational word or phrase

permissible and often indispensable to an easy informal style
of speaking and writing.
Examples:
wise, agree, help, prone, break, clear, beggar, end surrender,
secret, mad, mean, fuss, sure swap etc.

Word contraction also falls under colloquial words.

Proper Use of
Language and Style
CLASSIFICATION OF WORDS

3. Slang is a label for highly colloquial words. It is defined

also as results from an intentional mispronunciation of words.
Examples:
tummy-stomach
wee-wee- urinate
broke-without money
classy - fine or excellent

4. Abstract words are those that cannot be seen but can be

felt. They do not express concrete ideas.
Examples: love, fear, pain, hunger

5. Concrete words are words that employ the use of the five
senses to identify them.
Examples: table, people, house, building
Proper Use of
Language and Style
CLASSIFICATION OF WORDS

6. General words are words that refer to a general referent or

class or referents.These words convey a less clear meaning to
readers than specific words do.
Examples: plant, animal, people, flowers, teachers

7. Formal words are words that are used in formal writing.

Examples:
erudite which means wise
concur which means agree
esoteric which means secret
friend which means chum

8. Jargon or Tecnical words refer to words or specific language

of a particular occupation or group.
Examples:
Engineering
-slide ruler, T-square, plates
Proper Use of
Language and Style
Formal Tone
Maintain a formal tone appropriate for academic
writing. Avoid slang, informal language, or
contractions.

Objectivity
Strive for objectivity in your writing. Present different
perspectives fairly and avoid stating opinions as
facts.

Active Voice
Generally, using active voice strengthens your
writing and makes it clearer. However, passive voice
can be appropriate in certain contexts.
Active Listening
1. Nature and process of listening

• Listening is, in some ways, more complicated

than reading (Deighton 1971).

• As a student, you need-to improve your

listening skills, as this plays a significant role in
the communicative process.

• Listening skill can no longer be described as

passive and receptive, but an active one (Adler
92).
Active Listening
2. Kinds of listening

• In emphatic listening, we listen to understand

the feelings and emotions of others (Martinez
26).

• On the other hand, we address our attention

directly to what the speaker is saying in critical
listening.

3. Listening for Information

Informational listening has the goal of
Challenges in Academic
Communication
A. Language
Barriers
Challenges in academic communication
language barriers. This can occur when
is

students and teachers have different native

languages or when students are studying in a
foreign country. Language barriers can make it
difficult for students to understand lectures,
participate in class discussions, and effectively
communicate their thoughts and ideas. It can
also lead to misunderstandings and
miscommunication between students and
teachers.
PREJUDGGING

This happens when you jump to the conclusion

that you understand the speaker’s meaning
before it is fully expressed. It is one of the
reason why we sometimes communicate poorly
with other people we are closest to.
CRITICIZING
DELIVERY AND
PHYSICAL
A common problem of listening is that of
focusing on the external aspect of the speaker
APPEARANCE
and listening only if the speaker’s appearance
and delivery are attractive. (Adler 98)
LISTENING TOO
HARD
Sometimes, we listen too hard. We listen to
every word as if every word was equally
important. In the process, we often miss the
speaker’s point. We lose the main message by
concentrating on details.
INTRUSION OF THE
PAST
We often bring our past-feelings, values and
attitude into the speech setting (Eisenson 89)
DRIFTING
THOUGHTS
OFbrain
The THE PAST
is incredibly efficient. Although we
talk a rate of 120-150 words a minute, the brain
can produce 400-500 words a minute.
Language Barriers

To overcome language barriers, students can

consider taking language courses or seeking
help from language tutors. They can also
practice speaking and writing in the language
they are learning to improve their
communication skills. Additionally, using
translation tools or software can be helpful in
understanding written instructions or texts in a
different language.
B. Misinterpretation of
Instructions
Another challenge in academic communication
is the misinterpretation of instructions. This can
happen when students do not fully understand
the requirements or expectations of an
assignment or task. Misinterpreting instructions
can lead to mistakes, poor grades, and
frustration.
B. Misinterpretation of
Instructions
To avoid misinterpreting instructions, it is
important for students to carefully read and
analyze the instructions provided. They can also
ask clarifying questions to their teachers or
classmates if something is unclear. Taking notes
and breaking down complex instructions into
smaller tasks can also help in understanding
and following instructions accurately
References
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#BORDERLESS: Purposive Communication in the 21st Century. Books
Atbp.
Esperon, R. M., Igoy, J. L., Saymo, A.S. (2004). Technical Writing and
Reporting. Trinitas Publishing, Inc.
Geyte, E. V. (2013). Writing Learn to Write Better Academic Essays.
HarperCollins Publishers.
Guiyab, R. G. & Joven, J. R. (2016). Development of writing and reading
skills: The critical and Creative Thinking Approach. Books Atbp.
Menoy, J. Z. (2013). The Simplified Research and Technical Report
Writing. Books Atbp.
Padilla, M. M., Et Al. (2003). Speech for Effective Communication. Trinitas
Publishing, Inc.
Smith, S. (2019). Academic Writing Genres: Essays, Reports & Other
Genres. Evident Press.
Thank You!