Communicatio

for Successful
Human
Interaction
Intended Learning Outcomes
 reflect on the importance of communication.
 show the processes, principles and ethics of verbal and non-verbal
communication by creating message content through a video
presentation
 discuss the effectiveness of a message based on its delivery.
 produce a video showing the effect of similar message content
when delivered differently.
 reflect on how delivery affects a message
Contents
 Meaning of communication
 Importance of Communication
 Elements of communication
 Communication process
 Models of communication
 Five Principles of communication
continued

 Five levels of communication

 Ethical standards of competent
communicators
 Barriers to effective communication
 Overcoming Barriers to communication
Topic 1 Communication Process
Springboard Activity
Watch:

 https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=d-kgApji3QM
Group discussion (breakout rooms) to answer:
1. What is the gist of the video?
3. What do you think will be the reactions of viewers on this video?
4. If a different reaction would be aimed, how should the delivery (of
Tom Cruise’s line) be delivered?
5. Point out the changes you would have done if you are going to
reproduce this video with Tom Cruise expressing his point in a
different way.
6. What is/are your take-away/s from this activity?
Communication defined:
 The process of creating and exchanging
meaning through symbolic interaction.
 As a process communication constantly moves
and changes. It does not stand still.
 Meaning involves thoughts, ideas, and
understandings shared by communicators.
 Symbolic means that we rely on words and
nonverbal behaviors to communicate meaning
and feelings.
Importance of Communication
 Communication is the process of
exchanging information. Information is
conveyed as words, tone of voice, facial
expression and body language.
 Communication is a key component in
developing positive and supportive
relationships.
The Communication Process
 Context provides the people, the occasion
and the task.
 Physical environment is the actual place or
space where communication occurs.
 Climate influences the emotional
atmosphere.
The Communication Process
Sender Encoding

Channel Noise Message

Barrier
Feedback Channel

Decoding Receiver
The Communication Process
Mr. Sauceda I need students to know that
they cannot bully each other.

Squealing sound
Air, face to face from PA system. “Bullying is unacceptable
behavior. You will be
punished for bullying.”

Being in athletics
Billy asks if tripping someone and not hearing
counts as bullying. announcements. P.A. System

I wonder if that includes Students at

tripping someone for fun… HHS
Lasswell’s model
Lasswell’s
Aristotle’s Model
Aristotle’s
 is a speaker centered model as the speaker has the most
important role in it and is the only one active. It is the speaker’s role
to deliver a speech to the audience. The role of the audience is
passive, influenced by the speech. This makes the communication
process one way, from speaker to receiver.
 The speaker must organize the speech beforehand, according to
the target audience and situation (occasion). The speech must be
prepared so that the audience be persuaded or influenced by the
speech.
Berlo’s Model
Barlund’s Model
Barlund’s model
 Barnlund’s Transactional Model is a multi-layered
feedback system.
 This is a continuous process where sender and
receiver interchanges their places and both are
equally important.
 The message passing takes place with a constant
feedback being provided from both parties.
 A feedback for one is the message for the other.
Components of Barlund’s model

 Cues refers to the signs for doing something. As per

Barnlund there are: public cues, private
cues and behavioral cues.
 In the model diagram shown above, spiral lines
gives graphic representation to the assumptions like
public cues and private cues
Barlund’s Model
 Public cues ​(Cpu) are physical, environmental or
artificial and natural or man-made.
 Private cues (Cpr) are also known as private
objects of orientation which include senses of a
person. Both these cues can be verbal as well as
non-verbal. Another set of cues are behavioral
cues.
 Behavioral cues can be verbal (Cbehv) as well
as non-verbal (Cbehnv).
Advantages of Barnlund’s Transactional
Model of Communication

 The model shows shared field experience of the

sender and receiver.
 Transactional model talks about simultaneous
message sending, noise and feedback.
 Barnlund’s model is taken by critics as the most
systematic model of communication.
Disadvantages of Barnlund’s
Transactional Model of Communication

 Barnlund’s model is very complex.

 Both the sender and receiver must
understand the codes sent by the other. So
they must each possess a similar “code
book”. (The concept of code book is not
mentioned in the model but understood.)
Shannon-Weaver model
 This proposes that a message actually
originates from the person who gets the
thought or has the information. The sender
is also called the Source of information or
the Information Source.
Interactive models
 Schramm
 White
Schramm
Schramm
 The Meat: People with various knowledge, experience and cultural
practices interpret message in a different way than others.

 Field of Experience is the thing that influences the understanding

and interpretation of message like culture, social background,
beliefs, experiences, values, and rules. The same message can be
interpreted differently by different people. If the words and signs
they both (sender and receiver) use are common they
communicate more efficiently.
Example: A person who always eats with a spoon is informed that he has to eat with
hands in that place, the person will get offended because he will think it is impolite to
eat that way. The sociocultural gap will change the way a person interprets the
message.
Schramm
White’s Model
White’s Model
 Eugene White’s model recognizes feedback as a part of
the communication process.
 He described the process as sequential and cyclical,
following the eight stages of oral communication. These
stages are thinking, symbolizing, expressing,
transmitting, receiving, decoding, feedbacking, and
monitoring.
 Although White’s model recognizes the interaction of the
sender and the receiver of the message, it fails to
consider the active role of the receiver of the message in
the process.
Five Principles of Communication
Communication is:
 transactional
 complex
 unavoidable
 continuous
 can be learned
1. Communication is transactional
…because it involves an exchange.

Example:
 If I go to the store to get a coke, I exchange
money to the cashier for the coke. I give
something and get something in return.
Communication is the same… you have to give
and receive for communication to happen.
2. Communication is complex
 because of these several reasons.
 It is interactive because many processes are involved.
 It is symbolic because symbols are open to interpretation.
 It is personal & cultural because a person’s culture can add a
new or different meaning to a phrase or gesture.
 It is irreversible because once a message is sent, it cannot be
taken back.
 It is circular because it involves both original messages and
feedback which is necessary to confirm communication.
 It is purposeful because there is always a reason behind a
message and it helps meet our needs.
 It is impossible to duplicate because each interaction is unique.
3. Communication is unavoidable
 because it is impossible to not
communicate.

 You are communicating constantly even when you do

not intend to communicate. You communicate by the
way you sit or move, by the way you speak, by what
you wear, by your actions…. Even when you sleep in
class, you’re communicating that you are bored or
that you don’t care.
Communication is continuous
 because it continues to impact and
influence future interactions and shape our
relationships.

 Have you ever gotten off to a wrong start with

someone? Has it taken a lot of time to perhaps
overcome someone’s negative opinion of you?
 Has someone ever said something to you that hurt
your feelings and you’ve always remembered it and
think about it when you see that person?
Communication skills can be
learned
 because they can always be improved.

 You may need to work on speaking skills, written

communication, listening, relationship skills… there’s
always room for improvement!
Types of communication
I. Based on the delivery of the message
A. Verbal B. Non-verbal
1. spoken 1. body language
2. written 2. facial expressions
3. electronic 3. body language
4. telecommunication 4. touch
5. digital 5. culture, etc
Verbal communication
Types of Communication
II. Based on purpose of communication
A. Formal
B. Informal
C. Therapeutic
Types of Communication
III. Based on the levels of communication
A. Intrapersonal
B. Interpersonal
C. Small group
D. Public
E. Mass
F. Organizational
Types of Communication
 IV. Based on the pattern of communication
A. One-way
B. Two-way
C. One-to-one
D. One- to –many
E. Many-to-one
Discussion :
 Intrapersonal Communication is communication that occurs in your own mind. It is
“self-talk” which are the inner speech or mental conversations that we carry on with
ourselves. It is the basis of your feelings, biases, prejudices, and beliefs.
Examples are when you make any kind of decision – what to eat or wear.
When you think about something – what you want to do on the weekend or
when you think about another person.
You can also communicate with yourself when you dream at night.
 Interpersonal is the communication between two people but can involve more in
informal conversations. Through this kind of communication we maintain
relationships.

 Examples are when you are talking to your friends. A teacher and student
discussing an assignment. A patient and a doctor discussing a treatment. A
manager and a potential employee during an interview. Any one on one or
informal communication.
 Small Group is communication within formal or informal groups or
teams. It is group interaction that results in decision making,
problem solving and discussion within an organization.

 Examples would be a group planning a surprise birthday party

for someone. A team working together on a project. A focus
group discussing the pros and cons of a new product. A group
therapy session.
 Public – involving large group of people, requires essential skills to
influence people at large
Mass communication is the electronic or print transmission of
messages to the general public. Outlets called mass media include
things like radio, television, film, and printed materials designed to
reach large audiences.
 A television commercial. A magazine article. Hearing a song

on the radio. Books, Newspapers, Billboards. The key is that

you are reaching a large amount of people without it being face
to face. Feedback is generally delayed with mass
communication.

 Organizational takes place when individuals in a certain

organization communicate with each other to achieve a desired
organizational goal.
Competent Communicators are…

 Ethical - This means that a communicator follows the

morals and codes of conduct within a society. It is how a
person behaves and how they treat others.
Competent communicators are
 Honest and truthful.
 Keep confidences and are cautious about
spreading gossip.
 Consider the needs, rights, and feelings of other
people.
Competent communicators are…
 Responsible - they take responsibility for their
own communication choices and behavior.
Competent communicators are
 informed - are able to support what they say with
facts and examples that are true.
 logical – have developed reasoning skills and the
ability to draw conclusions and reach decisions.
 accountable - taking responsibility for their
information, decisions and actions.
 reliable - means they can be trusted to keep their
word even if a decision may not benefit them
Competent communicators are…
Accessible - They tend to value positive relationships
with peers, supervisors, and clients. They are open and
approachable. They are seen as caring, likable, and
pleasant to be around.
Assessment:
Make a two-minute video (group) using the same message
as that of Tom Cruise’s video but Tom’s lines are delivered
differently, observing and applying the principles and
norms of effective communication. Be ready to share your
work in the class.

Due for sharing in virtual classroom on :

Wed., Sept. 1, 2021 (PT1C)
Tue., Sept. 2, 2021 (PT1A)
 Criteria

Completion of the tasks in this module

includes:
 (Oral) sharing of the answers to the
questions as a group through a group
report (all members to participate)
 Preparing of the ppt or presentation slides
to be used during the oral report
 Video presentation of your version of Tom
Cruise’s line
You will be graded on your:
 Oral presentation (observed in person)
 Ppt preparation must also be submitted
 Produced video on Celo Assignment tab
References:
 https://www.elcomblus.com/models-of-communication/
 https://
www.businesstopia.net/communication/barnlund-transactional-mod
el-communication
 https://www.communicationtheory.org/lasswells-model/
 https://
www.communicationtheory.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/aristotl
e-model-of-communication.jpg
 https://www.bing.com/images
 http://www.dhs.state.il.us/OneNetLibrary/27896/documents/
By_Division/Division%20of%20DD/DirectSupportPerson/
Module4NotebookHumanInteractionandCommunication.pdf