Scribd
Upload
3 views25 pages

Electricity

Uploaded by

temparonaldo7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views25 pages

Electricity

Uploaded by

temparonaldo7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 25

དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་གཞུང་། ཤེས་རིག་དང་རིག་རྩལ་གོང་

འཕེལ་ལྷན་ཁག།
Department of School Education
Ministry of Education & Skills Development

Physics Class X - 2023

Online Courses

July - November 2023


Objectives

• Basic electric circuit and its diagram.


• Causes of the flow of electrons in a circuit.
• Factors that affect resistance.
• How to connect ammeter and voltmeter
Remember: Electric Potential Energy-
Two Unlike Charges

• Higher Potential +
Energy

• Lower Potential Energy


-
•To cause movement of a charge,
there must be a potential difference.
What occurs in a wire when the
circuit switch is closed?
Closing the switch establishes a potential difference
(voltage) and an electric field in the circuit.
High
Low
Potential
Potential
● Electrons
flow in a
net
direction
away
from the
(-)
terminal.
Conventional Current
● By tradition,
direction in
which
“positive
charges”
would flow.

● Direction is
opposite of
electron
flow.
Question:
What is required in order to have an electric current flow in a
circuit?

Answer:
1. A voltage source.
2. The circuit must be closed.
Battery (Chemical Cell):
● A device that converts chemical energy to electricity.
● A battery provides a potential energy difference (voltage source).
Cu and Zinc Electrodes. Why?
Electric
Current:

● The flow of
electric charges.
Electric Current, I

I=q
t

● Rate
● Unit: Coulomb / sec = Ampere (A)
● Andre Ampere (1775-1836)
Conventional current has the
direction that the (+) charges would
have in the circuit.
●Direct Current ●Alternating
●DC Current
● Provided by batteries ●AC
● Provided by
power
companies
Ammeter
● Measures electric
current.

● Must be placed in
series.
Example:
● What charge flows through a cross sectional area of a wire in 10min,
if the ammeter measures a current of 5mA?

● Answer: 3C
Resistance

● Resistance of an object to the


flow of electrical current.

● R= V / I

● Resistance equals the ratio of


voltage to current.
● Unit: Ohm (Ω)
Ohm’s Law (Georg Ohm,
1787-1854)

V = IR

● The voltage , V, across a resistor


is proportional to the current, I,
that flows through it.
● In general, resistance does not
depend on the voltage.
Ohmic Resistor
● A device that obeys Ohm’s Law, who’s resistance does not depend
on the voltage.
Resistor
● An object that
has a given
resistance.
Resistance
● Depends on type of material,
size and shape, temperature.
R=ρ L
A

L: length of the wire


A: cross-sectional area
ρ: resistivity (inherent to material)
Example:
● What happens to the resistance when the length is doubled and the
area is quadrupled?

● Answer: It changes by 1/2


Temperature Dependence of Resistance

● For metals: as temperature increases


the resistance increases. At very low
temperatures resistance can become
zero: superconductivity.

● For semiconductors: the opposite


occurs.
Voltmeter

● Measures the voltage


between two points in an
electric circuit.
● Must be connected in
parallel.
A voltmeter is connected in parallel.
Ammeter
● Measures electric
current.

● Must be placed in
series.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy