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6 views12 pages

PPT

Uploaded by

basickmd
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PSA

Rotor dynamics • Let us consider the synchronous motor


• Now in which direction the machine will rotate
• Rotor is mounted on shaft either on Tm or Te ?
• If a force is applied on shaft, the rotor tends to
rotate • In synchronous motor, the rotor rotates in the
• Let us consider the rotor wrt synchronous direction of Te
generator
• If Tm or Te balanced => Tm = Te => Rotor runs at Ns
• Two torque are acted on syn.generator
• If Tm - Te => Rotor => accelerate or decelerate =>
1. Mechanical torque or shaft torque
rotor dynamics
2. Electromagnetic torque
• Tm - Te = TJ (Inertia torque)
• Tm is provided by prime mover
• Te produced due to the interaction of magnetic
=J
field and the armature conductors
• Both are opposite
• Now in which direction the machine will rotate
either on Tm or Te ?
• In synchronous Generator, the rotor rotates in the
direction of Tm
2
CONSTANTS M AND H OF A TWO MACHINE SYSTEM
• Let us say more number of generators are connected in parallel to balanced
the load. Every generator has different rating and inertia constant.
• Depending on the load angle, the multi-machine operation can be divided
into types of operation
 Coherent operation
If the load angles of all machines which are connected in parallel will be
equal to other other, then the system is coherent operation
where 1= 2= 3……=n
In coherent operation
 If the load angles of all machines which are connected in parallel will be
different to other, then the system is incoherent operation
where 1 2  3……  n

3
CONSTANTS M AND H OF A TWO MACHINE
SYSTEM

• If the generators swings, then the swing equation is


• ----- 1

• ------- 2
• = =
• Let us Derive equation for inertia constant for the Equivalent circuit
from the given data
4
• Add Eq. 1 & 2
+
 +
+

3
WKT = =

 = ; (or ) =

=
4
= (=Common MVA or Base MVA)
5
Bus Impedance Matrix (Zbus) Building Algorithm

• It is a step by step technique which proceeds branch by branch

• Any modification of the network does not require complete rebuilding

of Zbus

• Zbus (old) Zb, Branch Impedance Zbus (new)

• Four different types of modifications may occur by adding a new branch


to the existing system
(Zbus) Building Algorithm

 Type – 1 Modification – When an element is connected between


new bus to the reference bus (branch)

Type – 2 Modification - When an element is connected between


new bus to the old bus(branch)

Type – 3 Modification - When an element is connected between


old bus to the reference bus(link)

Type – 4 Modification- When an element is connected between


old bus to the old bus(link)
New bus
1

1
0
Ref bus

2
2
4
3

5
Type-1 Modification - Impedance Zb is added to the new bus k and
the reference bus r
Notation: i, j— old buses; r— reference bus; k— new bus.

Type-2 Modification - Zb is added from new bus k to the old bus j


Type-3 Modification - Zb connects an old bus (j) to the reference bus(r)

Type-4 Modification - Zb connects two old buses

Notation: i, j— old buses; r— reference bus; k— new bus.

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