Cloud Computing

Modified from Mark Baker

 2

What is Cloud Computing?

 Cloud Computing is a general term used to describe a new

class of network based computing that takes place over the
Internet,
 basically a step on from Utility Computing
 a collection/group of integrated and networked hardware,
software and Internet infrastructure (called a platform).
 Using the Internet for communication and transport provides
hardware, software and networking services to clients
 These platforms hide the complexity and details of the
underlying infrastructure from users and applications by
providing very simple graphical interface or API (Applications
Programming Interface).
 3

What is Cloud Computing?

 In addition, the platform provides on demand services,

that are always on, anywhere, anytime and any place.
 Pay for use and as needed, elastic
 scale up and down in capacity and functionalities
 The hardware and software services are available to
 general public, enterprises, corporations and businesses
markets
 4

Cloud Summary

 Cloud computing is an umbrella term used to refer

to Internet based development and services

 A number of characteristics define cloud data,

applications services and infrastructure:
 Remotely hosted: Services or data are hosted on
remote infrastructure.
 Ubiquitous: Services or data are available from
anywhere.
 Commodified: The result is a utility computing model
similar to traditional that of traditional utilities, like gas
and electricity - you pay for what you would want!
 Cloud Computing
 Grid Computing
 Refer to resource-pooled environments for running compute jobs
(like image processing) rather than long running processes (such as
a Web site or e-mail server)
 Utility Computing
 Refer to resource-pooled environments for hosting long running
processes, and tends to be focused on meeting service levels with
the optimal amount of resources necessary to do so
 Cloud Computing
 Refer to a variety of services available over the Internet that deliver
compute functionality on the service provider's infrastructure
 Its environment (infrastructure) may actually be hosted on either a
grid or utility computing environment, but that doesn't matter to a
service user
 The data in the cloud, as “Intel inside” (or intelligence inside), is
 Cloud Computing – Simple
Definition
Cloud Computing = Software as a
Service
+ Platform
as a Service
+ Infrastructure
as a Service
+ Data as a
Service
 Cloud Computing – Simple
Definition
Cloud Computing = Software as a Service
+ Platform as
a Service
+
Infrastructure as a Service
+Data as a Service

 Software as a Service (SaaS)

 From end user’s point of view
 Apps are located in the cloud
 Software experiences are delivered through the Internet
 8
Software-as-a-Service
Consumer

• Capability provided to the consumer

to use provider’s applications
running in a Cloud infrastructure Application

Databases
 Complete stack including OS
application is provided as a service
Compute
Hired Resources
 Application is accessible from Storage

various client devices, for example, Network

via a thin client interface such as a

Web browser
 Billing is based on the application
usage

Cloud Computing Primer

 9
SaaS Examples

 EMC Mozy is a Software-as-a-Service solution for on-line

backup
 Consumers can leverage the Mozy console to perform
automatic, secured, online backup and recovery of their data
with ease
 Salesforce.com is a Software-as-a-Service solution for
CRM application
 Consumers can access CRM applications from anywhere, any
time

Cloud Computing Primer

 Cloud Computing – Simple
Definition
Cloud Computing = Software as a Service
+ Platform as
a Service
+ Infrastructure
as a Service
+ Data as a
Service

 Platform as a Service (PaaS)

 From developer’s point of view (i.e. cloud users)
 Cloud providers offer an Internet-based platform to developers
who want to create services but don't want to build their own
 11
Platform-as-a-Service

 Capability provided to the

consumer to deploy
consumer-created or Consumer

acquired applications on the

Cloud provider’s
infrastructure Application

 Consumer has control over Databases

OS
 Deployed applications
Compute
 Possible application hosting Hired Resources

Storage
environment configurations
Network
 Consumer is billed for
platform software
components
 OS, Database, Middleware
 12
PaaS Examples

 Google App Engine provides platform for consumers to deploy or

create their own applications
 Allows dynamic allocation of system resources for an application based on
the actual demand
 Provides Java and Python environment to create and deploy application
 Microsoft Azure Platform provides diverse functionalities to build
applications
 Uses existing skills with Visual Studio and .Net to build applications
 Builds applications also in Java and PHP using Eclipse and other tools

Cloud Computing Primer

 Cloud Computing – Simple
Definition
Cloud Computing = Software as a Service
+ Platform as
a Service
+ Infrastructure as
a Service
+ Data as a Service

 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

 Cloud providers build datacenters
 Power, scale, hardware, networking, storage, distributed systems, etc
 Datacenter as a service
 Cloud users rent storage, computation, and maintenance from
 14
Infrastructure-as-a-Service
 Provides capability to the
consumer to hire
infrastructure components Consumer
such as servers, storage,
and network
 Enables consumers to Application
deploy and run software, Databases
including OS and OS
applications
Compute
Hired Resources
 Pays for infrastructure Storage

components usage, for Network

example, Storage
capacity, CPU usage, etc.
 15
IaaS Examples

 Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) is an IaaS model that

provides resizable compute capacity on a pay-per-use basis
 Allows consumers to hire virtual compute on which they run their
own applications
 EMC Atmos Online provides Storage as a service
 Internet accessible, on demand storage
 Knowledge & Data Intelligence as a
Service

Cloud Computing = Software as a

Service
+ Platform
as a Service
+ Infrastructure
as a Service
+ Data as a Service

Data  Information  Knowledge  Intelligence

 Infrastructure for Web-scale data mining and knowledge discovery
Cloud Architecture 17
 18

What is Cloud Computing

SERVICES APPLICATIONS

STORAGE
COMPUTER
(DATABASE)
NETWORK

SERVER
S

• Shared pool of configurable computing resources

• On-demand network access
Adopted from: Effectively and Securely Using the Cloud Computing Paradigm by peter Mell, Tim
 Cloud Service Models
Software as a Platform as a Infrastructure as a
Service (SaaS) Service (PaaS) Service (IaaS)

SalesForce
CRM
LotusLive

Google
App
Engine

Adopted from: Effectively and Securely Using the Cloud Computing Paradigm by peter Mell, Tim
Different Cloud 20

Computing Layers
MS Live/ExchangeLabs, IBM,
Application Service Google Apps; Salesforce.com
(SaaS) Quicken Online, Zoho, Cisco

Google App Engine, Mosso,

Application Platform Force.com, Engine Yard,
Facebook, Heroku, AWS

Server Platform 3Tera, EC2, SliceHost,

GoGrid, RightScale, Linode

Storage Platform Amazon S3, Dell, Apple, ...

 Cloud Computing
Service Layers
21
Services Description
Services – Complete business services such
Services as PayPal, OpenID, OAuth, Google Maps,
Alexa

Application – Cloud based software that

Applicati
Application eliminates the need for local installation
on such as Google Apps, Microsoft Online

Focused Development – Software development

Development platforms used to build custom cloud based
applications (PAAS & SAAS) such as
SalesForce
Platform – Cloud based platforms, typically
Platform provided using virtualization, such as
Amazon ECC, Sun Grid

Storage – Data storage or cloud based NAS

Infrastructur Storage such as CTERA, iDisk, CloudNAS

e
Hosting – Physical data centers such as those
Focused
Hosting run by IBM, HP, NaviSite, etc.
Cloud Computing
Characteristics 22

Common Characteristics:
Massive Scale Resilient Computing

Homogeneity Geographic Distribution

Virtualization Service Orientation

Low Cost Software Advanced Security

Essential Characteristics:

On Demand Self-Service
Broad Network Access Rapid Elasticity
Resource Pooling Measured Service
 23
Cloud Computing: Essential
Characteristics

Cloud Computing Primer

 On-Demand Self-Service

 Enables consumers to get computing resources as

and when required, without any human intervention
 Facilitates consumer to leverage “ready to use”
services or, enables to choose required services from
the service catalog
 Allows provisioning of resources using self-service
interface
 Self-service interface should be user-friendly

Cloud
Computing
24 Primer
 Broad Network Access

 Cloud services are accessed via the network,

usually the internet, from a broad range of client
platforms such as:
 Desktop computer
 Laptop
 Mobile phone
 Thin Client
 Eliminates the need for accessing a particular
client platform to access the services
 Enables accessing the services from anywhere
across the globe Cloud
Computing
25 Primer
 Resource Pooling

 IT resources (compute, storage, network) are

pooled to serve multiple consumers
 Based on multi-tenant model
 Consumer has no knowledge about the exact
location of the resources provided
 Resources are dynamically assigned and
reassigned based on the consumer demand

Cloud
Computing
26 Primer
 Rapid Elasticity

 Ability to scale IT resources rapidly, as required,

to fulfill the changing needs without interruption
of service
 Resources can be both scaled up and scaled down
dynamically
 To the consumer, the Cloud appears to be
infinite
 Consumers can start with minimal computing
power and can expand their environment to any
size

Cloud
Computing
27 Primer
 Metered Service

 Consumers are billed based on the metered usage of

Cloud resources
 Cost incurred on a pay-per-use basis
 Pricing/billing model is tied up with the required service levels

• Resource usage is monitored and reported,

which provides transparency for chargeback
to both Cloud service provider and consumer
about the utilized service
Cloud
Computing
28 Primer
 Virtualization

 Virtual workspaces:
 An abstraction of an execution environment that can be made
dynamically available to authorized clients by using well-
defined protocols,
 Resource quota (e.g. CPU, memory share),
 Software configuration (e.g. O/S, provided services).
 Implement on Virtual Machines (VMs):
 Abstraction of a physical host machine,
 Hypervisor intercepts and emulates instructions from
App VMs,
App App
and allows management of VMs, OS OS OS
 VMWare, Xen, etc. Hypervisor
 Provide infrastructure API: Hardware
Virtualized Stack
 Virtual Machines 30

 VM technology allows multiple virtual machines to

run on a single physical machine.
App App App App App
Xen
Guest OS Guest OS Guest OS
(Linux) (NetBSD) (Windows)
VMWare
VM VM VM

Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) / Hypervisor

UML

Hardware
Denali
etc.
Performance: Para-virtualization (e.g. Xen) is very close to raw physical
performance!
What is the purpose and 32

benefits?

 Cloud computing enables companies and applications,

which are system infrastructure dependent, to be
infrastructure-less.
 By using the Cloud infrastructure on “pay as used and on
demand”, all of us can save in capital and operational
investment!
 Clients can:
 Put their data on the platform instead of on their own desktop
PCs and/or on their own servers.
 They can put their applications on the cloud and use the servers
within the cloud to do processing and data manipulations etc.
Some Commercial
Cloud Offerings 33
 Advantages of Cloud 34

Computing
 Lower computer costs:
 You do not need a high-powered and high-priced computer to run
cloud computing's web-based applications.
 Since applications run in the cloud, not on the desktop PC, your
desktop PC does not need the processing power or hard disk
space demanded by traditional desktop software.
 When you are using web-based applications, your PC can be less
expensive, with a smaller hard disk, less memory, more efficient
processor...
 In fact, your PC in this scenario does not even need a CD or DVD
drive, as no software programs have to be loaded and no
document files need to be saved.
 Advantages of Cloud 35

Computing
 Improved performance:
 With few large programs hogging your computer's
memory, you will see better performance from your PC.
 Computers in a cloud computing system boot and run
faster because they have fewer programs and processes
loaded into memory…
 Reduced software costs:
 Instead of purchasing expensive software applications,
you can get most of what you need for free-ish!
 most cloud computing applications today, such as the Google Docs suite.
 better than paying for similar commercial software
 which alone may be justification for switching to cloud applications.
 Advantages of Cloud 36

Computing
 Instant software updates:
 Another advantage to cloud computing is that you are no longer
faced with choosing between obsolete software and high upgrade
costs.
 When the application is web-based, updates happen automatically
 available the next time you log into the cloud.

 When you access a web-based application, you get the latest

version
 without needing to pay for or download an upgrade.

 Improved document format compatibility:

 You do not have to worry about the documents you create on your
machine being compatible with other users' applications or OSes
 There are potentially no format incompatibilities when everyone is
 Advantages of Cloud 37

Computing
 Unlimited storage capacity:
 Cloud computing offers virtually limitless storage.
 Your computer's current 1 Tbyte hard drive is small compared to the
hundreds of Pbytes available in the cloud.
 Increased data reliability:
 Unlike desktop computing, in which if a hard disk crashes and
destroy all your valuable data, a computer crashing in the cloud
should not affect the storage of your data.
 if your personal computer crashes, all your data is still out there in the
cloud, still accessible
 In a world where few individual desktop PC users back up their data
on a regular basis, cloud computing is a data-safe computing
platform!
 Advantages of Cloud 38

Computing
 Universal document access:
 That is not a problem with cloud computing, because you
do not take your documents with you.
 Instead, they stay in the cloud, and you can access them
whenever you have a computer and an Internet connection
 Documents are instantly available from wherever you are
 Latest version availability:
 When you edit a document at home, that edited version is
what you see when you access the document at work.
 The cloud always hosts the latest version of your
documents
 as long as you are connected, you are not in danger of having an outdated
version
 Advantages of Cloud 39

Computing
 Easier group collaboration:
 Sharing documents leads directly to better collaboration.
 Many users do this as it is an important advantages of
cloud computing
 multiple users can collaborate easily on documents and projects
 Device independence.
 You are no longer tethered to a single computer or network.
 Changes to computers, applications and documents follow
you through the cloud.
 Move to a portable device, and your applications and
documents are still available.
 Disadvantages of Cloud 40

Computing

 Requires a constant Internet connection:

 Cloud computing is impossible if you cannot connect to
the Internet.
 Since you use the Internet to connect to both your
applications and documents, if you do not have an
Internet connection you cannot access anything, even
your own documents.
 A dead Internet connection means no work and in areas
where Internet connections are few or inherently
unreliable, this could be a deal-breaker.
 Disadvantages of Cloud 41

Computing

 Does not work well with low-speed connections:

 Similarly, a low-speed Internet connection, such as that
found with dial-up services, makes cloud computing painful
at best and often impossible.
 Web-based applications require a lot of bandwidth to
download, as do large documents.
 Features might be limited:
 This situation is bound to change, but today many web-
based applications simply are not as full-featured as their
desktop-based applications.
 For example, you can do a lot more with Microsoft PowerPoint than
with Google Presentation's web-based offering
 Disadvantages of Cloud 42

Computing

 Can be slow:
 Even with a fast connection, web-based applications can
sometimes be slower than accessing a similar software program
on your desktop PC.
 Everything about the program, from the interface to the current
document, has to be sent back and forth from your computer to
the computers in the cloud.
 If the cloud servers happen to be backed up at that moment, or if
the Internet is having a slow day, you would not get the
instantaneous access you might expect from desktop
applications.
 Disadvantages of Cloud 43

Computing

 Stored data might not be secure:

 With cloud computing, all your data is stored on the cloud.
 The questions is How secure is the cloud?
 Can unauthorized users gain access to your confidential data?
 Stored data can be lost:
 Theoretically, data stored in the cloud is safe, replicated
across multiple machines.
 But on the off chance that your data goes missing, you have
no physical or local backup.
 Put simply, relying on the cloud puts you at risk if the cloud lets you
down.
 Disadvantages of Cloud 44

Computing
 HPC Systems:
 Not clear that you can run compute-intensive HPC
applications that use MPI/OpenMP!
 Scheduling is important with this type of application
 as you want all the VM to be co-located to minimize communication
latency!
 General Concerns:
 Each cloud systems uses different protocols and different
APIs
 may not be possible to run applications between cloud based systems
 Amazon has created its own DB system (not SQL 92), and
workflow system (many popular workflow systems out there)
 so your normal applications will have to be adapted to execute on
 • Service models:
Common • IaaS: Infrastructure as a Service
• e.g., Amazon EC2, Microsoft Azure, Google Compute
cloud Engine
• PaaS: Platform as a Service
computin • e.g., Google AppEngine, Heroku, Apache Stratos
• SaaS: Software as a Service
g models • Microsoft Office365, Amazon DynamoDB, gmail

45
 • Management models:
• Public clouds
• Utility model
Cloud • Shared hardware

infrastruct •
•
No control of hardware,
Self-managed (e.g., AWS, Azure, GCE)
ure • Private clouds:
• More isolated (secure?),
manageme • Federal compliance friendly
nt •
•
Customizable hardware and hardware sharing
Example: OpenStack, an open source platform for
virtualized clouds

46
Cloud Deployment Model – Public
Cloud

Enterprise P Enterprise Q

Public Cloud

Cloud Service
Provider

User R

Popular examples: Amazon’s Elastic Compute Cloud

(EC2), Google Apps, and Salesforce.com.
47
Cloud Computing Primer
• In a Public Cloud, IT resources are made available
to the general public or organizations and are
owned by the Cloud service provider.
• The Cloud services are accessible to everyone via
standard Internet connections.
• In a public Cloud, a service provider makes IT
resources, such as applications, storage capacity,
or server compute cycles, available to any
consumer.
• This model can be thought of as an “on-demand”
and as a “pay-as-you-go” environment, where
there are no on-site infrastructure or management
requirements.
• However, for organizations, these benefits come
with certain risks: no control over the resources in
the cloud, the security of confidential data,
network performance issues, and interoperability.
Cloud Deployment Model – Private
Cloud

On-premise
Externally hosted
Private Cloud Enterprise P
Private Cloud

Enterprise P
Dedicated for
Enterprise P
Cloud
Service
Provider

49
Cloud Computing Primer
In a private Cloud, the Cloud infrastructure is
operated solely for one organization and is not
shared with other organizations. This Cloud model
offers the greatest level of security and control. There
are two variations to a private Cloud:
• Externally-hosted Private Cloud: This
type of private Cloud is hosted
On-premise Private Cloud:
externally with a Cloud provider, where
the provider facilitates an exclusive
Cloud environment for a specific
organization with full guarantee of
privacy or confidentiality. This is best
suited for organizations that do not
prefer a public Cloud due to data
privacy/security concerns.

• Like a public Cloud, a private Cloud also enables provisioning an automated

service request rather than a manual task processed by IT.
• In on-premise private Cloud, organizations will have to run their own
hardware, storage, networking, hypervisor, and Cloud software.
• Many enterprises, including EMC, Cisco, IBM, Microsoft, Oracle, and VMware,
now offer Cloud platforms and services to build and manage a private Cloud.
Cloud Deployment Model – Hybrid
Cloud

Private Cloud Public Cloud

Enterprise P Enterprise P Enterprise Q

Cloud Service
Provider

+ User R

51
Cloud Computing Primer
Cloud Deployment Model – Community
Cloud
Enterprise P
Enterprise Q
Community Cloud

Enterprise R

Dedicated for
Cloud Community Users
Service
Provider
Community Users

• Cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and supports a specific

community that has shared concerns
• Managed by the organizations or by a third party
 Resource
Check Your Knowledge pooling etc
1. Explain the essential characteristics of Cloud Computing.
2. How is Cloud beneficial compared to the traditional IT model?
3. Explain the different Cloud services models.
4. Describe the various Cloud deployment models.
5. What are the challenges of Cloud Computing?

2) Coste efficiency scalablity mentioned in

first ppr
3) Service models-iaas etc
4)
Deployment public private hybrid
Community cloud with egs
5) challenges-

Cloud Computing Primer 53

Journey to the Cloud – A Phased Approach
Cloud

Cloud Services

Virtualized Data Center

Virtualized
Infrastructure
Virtualized
Classic Data Center
Infrastructure

Journey to the Cloud 54