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Thermoelectric

thermoelectric physics 12

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57 views15 pages

Thermoelectric

thermoelectric physics 12

Uploaded by

bimochandhungel57
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO

THERMOELECTRICS

Bimochan Dhungel
LRI School
Class 12 “S3”
THERMO ELECTRIC EFFECT

 The thermoelectric effect is the direct conversion of


temperature difference into electric voltage and vise
versa

 In a thermoelectric material there are free carriers


which carry both charge and heat.
THERMO COUPLE
 A couple of wires of dissimilar forming a
loop and producing thermoelectricity.
 Direction of

Thermoelectric series

To solve the difficulties of finding the direction of thermormf .
 Antimony, Iron, Zinc, Silver, Gold,Tin,Lead,Copper, Platinum,Nickel,
Bismuth
 Two advantages:
1. To know the direction with ABC rule
2. to find thermo emf in thermos couple : iron-zinc< Iron-copper
SEEBECK EFFECT
 Thermoelectricity - known in physics as the
"Seebeck Effect“
 Thomas Johann Seebeck found that a circuit
made from two dissimilar metals, with junctions
at different temperatures would deflect a
compass magnet.
 Discovered a small current flow and so
demonstrated that heat could be converted to
electricity.
When the junctions of two
different metals are maintained
at different temperature, the emf
is produced in the circuit This is
known as Seebeck effect.

 The conductor 1 is maintained


at T+∆T temperature
The conductor 2 is maintained
at temperature T
Since the junctions are
maintained at different
temperature, the emf ‘U’ flows
across the circuit
RELATION BETWEEN THERMOS EMF AND TEMPERATURE
PELTIER EFFECT
 The heating or cooling at
an electrified junction of
two different conductors
 The Peltier heat
generated at the junction
per unit time

 The peltire coefficient


represents how much
heat is carried per unit
charge
THOMSON EFFECT
 The current flows through
the unequally heated
conductor, heat is evolved
or absorbed through the
conductor

 Heat production rate unit


per unit volume q´=-KJ.∇T
 K- Thomson coefficient
 ∇T- Temperature gradient
 J- Current density
 Positive Thomson effect
 Current flows from lower T to high T, heat is absorbed
throughout the conductor
 Eg:- Sn, Au, Ag, Zn, Cd, Sb

 Negative Thomson effect


 Current flows from lower T to high T heat is liberated
throughout the conductor
 Eg:- Bi, Ni, Pt, Co, Hg

 Nill Thomson effect


 Current flow from high T to Low T or Low T to high T heat
is neither liberated nor absorbed
 Eg:- Pb
THERMOPILE
 Thermopile is an electrical device that uses
seebeck effect to detect and measure the
intensity of thermal radiation. Thermopile is
high sensitive due to multiple pair of
thermocouples are connected in series.

fig of thermopile.
ADVANTAGES

 Environmental friendly
 Recycles wasted heat energy
 Reliable source of energy
 scalability
 Lower production cost
 Silent in operation
 Simple, compact & safe
DISADVANTAGES
 Low energy conversion efficiency
 Requires relatively constant heat source
 Slow technology progression
APPLICATIONS
 Thermoelectric generator
 Cooling Computers
 Drink Coolers
 Recharging Devices
 Space Probes
 Solar Power
 Low power remote controller system
 Nuclear power stations
 Automotive TEGs
THANK
YOU

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