GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

SALEM-636 011
(An Autonomous Institution Affiliated to Anna University-Chennai)

18CE702 - DESIGN PROJECT

PLANNING, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

OF AN ORPHANAGE BUILDING
GUIDED BY : PROJECT MEMBERS :

Dr. S. DEVI B. NITHYASHRI - 61772111065

Assistant Professor S. PADMAJAA - 61772111068
V. POOVARASAN - 61772111071
Department of Civil Engineering
S. SEENUVASAN - 61772111088
OBJECTIVE
This project encompasses a comprehensive exploration into the
planning, analysis, and design of an Orphanage Building. The building
comprises of two stories, where half the portion of second floor has been
designed as recreational open space for children.
Analysis has been made by STAAD Pro and structural members like
beams, slabs, columns, footings and other elements are designed manually
using IS 456:2000 by Limit State method using M20 grade of concrete and
Fe415 grade steel.
The reinforcement details for all the structural members are
presented using AutoCAD.
LITERATURE REVIEW
THE LAND OF OLD AGE“: SOCIETY’S CHANGING ATTITUDES
TOWARD URBAN BUILT ENVIRONMENTS FOR ELDERLY PEOPLE (Laws,1993)
– Glenda Laws.
ARCHITECTURAL ENABLING TRANSFORMATION OF LIVES IN
CHILDREN’S HOME (2015) – Shivangini Singh
TWO DIMENSIONS OF PARTICIPATION IN VERY OLD AGE AND
THEIR RELATIONS TO HOME AND NEIGHBORHOOD ENVIRONMENTS (Haak
et al., 2008)
THE ROLE OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE NATURAL SPACE IN
CHILDREN’S SOCIAL, EMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIOURAL DEVELOPMENT: A
LONGITUDINAL STUDY (Richardson et al., 2017)
METHODOLOGY:
Choose the type of building

Literature Review

Data analysis-Site selection (Location: Chennai) -Zone III (0.16)

(SBC : 200 kN/m2)
Ground floor
Planning of building using AUTOCAD First floor
Second floor
Elevation
Analysis of building using STAAD Pro
Design of slab
Design of beam
Manual Designing of building Design of column
Design of footing
Design of staircase

Detailing using AUTOCAD

CODES AND SOFTWARE USED :
Software used :
AutoCAD and STAAD Pro
Codes used :
1. The building was designed by limit state method by using IS 456:2000
2. IS 875:1987 for dead load, live load, wind load calculation.
3. SP 16 for structural reinforcement design.
4. NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA (NBC)
SPECIFICATIONS:
TOTAL AREA 528.684 m2

NO.OF STOREYS G+2

GRADE OF CONCRETE M20

GRADE OF STEEL Fe415

WALL THICKNESS 230 mm

CLEAR HEIGHT OF FLOOR 3m

FACING OF THE BUILDING NORTH

N
RENDERED VIEW
DEAD LOAD
LIVE LOAD
LOAD COMBINATION
WIND LOAD
PLATE STRESS
SHEAR FORCE
BENDING MOMENT
MAXIMUM VALUES

CRITICAL COLUMN LAYOUT

CRITICAL BEAM LAYOUT
DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL MEMBERS
 Manual calculations are carried out for the building
using IS 456:2000

I. Design of one way slab

II. Design of two way slab
III. Design of beam
IV. Design of column
V. Design of footing
VI. Design of staircase
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB :
DESIGN OF SLAB: Assume clear cover = 20 mm
Effective depth along X direction
3658 X 7545 mm
dx = 175 mm
lx = 3658 mm, ly = 7545 mm
Effective depth along Y direction
fck = 20 N/mm2, Fy = 415 N/mm2
dy = 165 mm
STEP:1 TYPE OF SLAB
STEP:3 EFFECTIVE SPAN
lx = 3658 mm, ly = 7545 mm
Along shorter span
= = 2.06 > 2
Effective span along X direction lx = 3858 mm
It is one way slab
Along longer span
STEP:2 EFFECTIVE DEPTH
Effective span along Y direction ly = 7745 mm
Depth of slab is fixed based on ratio
STEP:4 LOAD CALCULATION
( ) = ( )basic
Self weight of slab = 5 kN/m2
( ) = 20 , = 20
Total load W = L.L + Self weight + Floor finish
D = 200 mm
= 3 + 5 + 1 = 9 kN/m2
Ultimate load, Wu = 9 X 1.5= 13.5 kN/m2
STEP:5 BENDING MOMENT For distribution reinforcement
Mu = = Spacing of bars = X 1000 = 150 mm
= 25.117 kNm Provide
STEP:6 CHECK FOR Mu AND Mulim Main bar =10 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c spacing
Distribution bar = 8 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c spacing
Mulim = 0.138 fckbd2
= 0.138 X 20 X1000 X 2002
STEP:8 CHECK FOR SHEAR
Mulim = 110.4 kNm
Nominal shear τv =

STEP:7 AREA OF MAIN V = = 0.0302 N/mm2

REINFORCEMENT : Permissible shear K= 1.15 = = 0.18 %

τc = 0.065 N/mm2 τc X k = 0.065 X 1.15= 0.07 N/mm2
Mu= 0.87 X fy X Ast X d (1- )
25.117 X 106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 200
Ast
STEP:9 CHECK FOR DEFLECTION :
= 360.85 mm
2

( ) max = 20 kt = 1.7 kc = 1 ( ) max = 20 x 1.7 x 1 = 34

Ast min = x 1000 x 220= 264 mm2
, ,

( ) actual = = 18
Spacing of bars = X 1000 = 218 mm
HENCE SAFE.
REINFORCEMENT DETAILS FOR ONE-WAY
SLAB
 DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLAB:
DESIGN OF SLAB: Effective depth along X direction , dx = 125 mm
3658 X 6326 mm Effective depth along Y direction , dy = 115 mm
lx = 3658 mm, ly = 6326 mm
STEP:3 EFFECTIVE SPAN
Fck = 20 N/mm2, Fy = 415 N/mm2
Along shorter span: Effective span along X dir, lx = 3808 mm
STEP:1 TYPE OF SLAB
Along longer span: Effective span along Y dir, ly = 6476 mm
- = 1.72 < 2
It is two way slab STEP:4 LOAD CALCULATION
STEP:2 EFFECTIVE DEPTH Self weight of slab = 3.75 kN/m2

Depth of slab is fixed based on ratio Total load W = L.L + Self weight + Floor finish

( ) = ( )basic = 3 + 3.375 + 1= 7.75 kN/m2

Ultimate load, Wu = 7.75 X 1.5 = 11.625 kN/m2
()=
STEP:5 BENDING MOMENT
D = 150 mm
Mx = αx x w x lx2 , My = αy x w x ly2
Mx = 11.79 kNm
Assume clear cover = 20 mm
My = 25.58 kNm
STEP:6 REINFORCEMENT DETAILS STEP:7 CHECK FOR SHEAR
For shorter span Nominal shear , τv =
Mulim = 43.125 kNm Vu = 21.262 kN
Mu < Mulim Under reinforced section τv = = 0.17 N/mm2
Ast = 268.44mm2 Permissible shear
Spacing of bar = X 1000 = 292 mm Overall depth = 230 mm, K= 1.15
Provide main bar 10 mm dia @ 300 mm c/c spacing τc = 0.672 N/mm2
For longer span τc X k = 0.672 X 1.15= 0.772 N/mm2

Mulim = 0.138 X 20 X 1000 X 115 2 τv < k X τc 0.17 < 0.772

Mulim = 36.50 kNm Slab is safe in shear

Mu < Mulim Under reinforced section STEP:8 CHECK FOR DEFLECTION

Ast = 659.58 mm2 ( )max = ( )basic X kt X kc X kf = 35

Spacing of bar = X 1000 ( )actual = = 29.26

=119 ≈ 120 mm ( )max < ( )max
Provide main bar 10 mm dia @ 120 mm c/c spacing HENCE SAFE
Reinforcement details of two-way slab

STEP:9 TORSIONAL REINFORCEMENT

Area of reinforcement = X 268.44
= 201.33 mm2
Distance over which torsion reinforced
provided = shorter span
= X 3658
= 800 mm
Spacing of bar = X 1000 = 249.6 mm

Provide 8 mm dia bar @ 200mm spacing c/c

 DESIGN OF BEAM
GIVEN DATA: Step 3:
Overall Size of Beam (b x D) = 230mm x 350mm Mu(limit) = 0.36 Xumax/d 1-(0.42) Xumax /dfckxbd²
Factored Moment (Mu) = 113.507 kNm = 0.36x20x0.48x[1-0.42x0.48]x230x3252
Grade Of Concrete, fck = 20 N/mm2 = 60.988 kNm
Grade Of Steel, fy = 415 N/mm 2 Step 4: Check: Mu =113.507 kNm
Effective Cover, d = 25 mm
Mulim = 60.988 kNm
Step 1:
Mu > Mulim
Effective Depth = D - dc
Hence, it is Doubly Reinforced Beam.
= 350-25 Step 5:
d = 325 mm Mu(limit) = 0.36 Xumax/d 1-(0.42) Xumax/d  fck x bd²
Step-2:
60.988x106= 0.36 x 20 x 0.48 x 0.7984 x 230 x d2
Mu = 113.507 (From STAAD Pro)
d=335mm
Mu = 113.507 x 106 Nm
D = d + dc =325+25 =350mm
Hence, it is Safe.
Step:6 [Tensional Reinforcement]
Assume Diameter of bars as 20 mm
Ast = Astlim + Ast2 Number of Bars = 529.025 = 3

Astlim = 1008.44 mm² 314.15

Provide 3 bars of 20 mm diameter as
MU2 = Mu - Mulim =113.507 – 60.988
Compression Reinforcement.
= 24.914 KNm
Step-8: CHECK FOR SHEAR & DESIGN OF SHEAR
Ast2 = 275.89 mm²
REINFORCEMENT
Ast = Astlim + Ast2 = 1008.44+ 529.025
Nominal shear , c =
=1537.465 mm²
Vu= 158.017 kN (FROM
Assume Diameter of bars as 20 mm STAAD Pro)
Number of Bars = 5
=
Provide 5 bars of 20 mm diameter as
= 2.05 N /mm2
tension Reinforcement.
Permissible shear
Step 7: [ compression reinforcement] Ast = 4 = 1963.5 mm2
Asc = MU2 = 529.025 mm²
% Ast = = = 2.548 %
[fsc[d-dc]]
Design = 0.82 N/ mm
Shear reinforcement is required
Vus = Vu -
= (158.017 x 103)- (0.82 x 230 x 335)
= 94.836 kN
Provide 8 mm diameter of 2 legged stirrups of
spacing,
1. Sv1 =
=
= 130 mm
2. SV2 = 0.75d = 0.75 X 335 = 251mm
3. Sv3 = 300 mm

Provide 2 legged 8 mm diameter stirrups @

130 mm c/c

Reinforcement details of rectangular beam

 DESIGN OF AXIAL COLUMN
Size of column = 300 x 300mm Pu = 0.40 fck Ac + 0.67 fy Asc
Fck =20 N/mm2 Asc = 9029.735mm2
Fy =415 N/mm2 Main longitudinal reinforcement
Height of column(H) =3 m Pt =2.5%
Factored load (Pu) =3158.48 kN Ast =2.5 x 300 x300 /100
STEP 1: SLENDERNESS RATIO =2250mm2
L/D = 3000/300 = 10 < 12 Provide 20mm dia bars
Hence the column is designed as short column No of bars = 2250 x 4 /π x 202
STEP 2: LONGITUDINAL = 7.2 = 8 nos
STEP 3: LATERAL TIES
REINFORCEMENT
Diameter of ties shall be not less than
Gross area of the
1 ) 5mm
column section (Ag) = 300 X 300= 90000mm
2 ) ¼ diameter of the larger size bar = (1/4) x 30
Area of steel =Asc
=7.5mm
Area of concrete Ac =(90000-Asc)mm2 Provide 8mm dia ties
STEP 4: SPACING OF LATERAL
TIES
The pitch of transverse reinforcement shall be
not more than the least of the following distances:
1 ) The least actual dimension of the
compression member = 300mm
2 ) Sixteen times the smallest diameter of the
longitudinal reinforcement bar to be ties
=16 x 20 = 380mm
3) 300mm

Provide 8mm dia lateral ties @ 300mm c/c

Reinforcement details of axial column

 DESIGN OF UNIAXIAL COLUMN
Concrete grade = M20 2. Along minor axis
Steel grade = Fe415 B = 300 mm
Column size = 300 X 300 mm = = 6.5 12
Ultimate load, = 2165.654 KN
Hence it can be designed as short column
Moment, = 113.507 KN-m
Step 3: Eccentricity
Length, L = 3000 mm
1.Actual eccentricity
Step 1: Effective length e = = = 52.412 mm
From IS 456: 2000, 2.Minimum eccentricity
= 0.65 L = 0.65 (3.0) = 1.95 m = = = 16 mm
Step 2: Slenderness ratio
= 1950 mm Step 4: Longitudinal reinforcement
1. Along major axis = = = 0.21
D = 300 mm
= = 6.5 12 = = = 1.20
 Cover = 50 mm
d’ = + 50 = 58 mm
D = 300 mm
= = 0.167 0.20 ; = 0.24
P = 0.24 X 20 = 4.8 %
Asc = 4.8 % of Ag= X 300 X 300 = 4320 mm2

Here, 25 mm bars are used

= = 8 bars
Provide 8 nos of 25 mm dia bars

Step 6: Lateral ties

• Tie diameter
= = = 7 mm
Provide 8 mm dia ties
• Pitch or spacing
16 = 400 mm
• 300 mm
Hence provide 8 mm dia bars @ 300 mm c/c
Reinforcement details of uniaxial column
 DESIGN OF BIAXIAL COLUMN
Size of column =300 x 300 mm From chart 48 of SP-16 1978
Pu =585.687 kN (from STAAD Pro) Assume percentage of reinforcement as 1.5%
Mux =55.999kNm (from STAAD Pro) Pu/ fckbD= 585.687x103/ 30X300X300 = 0.2
Muy = 113.507kNm (from STAAD Pro) Mux/ fckbd2 = 145.54/(30 x 300 x 3002) = 0.17
Length =3m P/(fck) = 0.05
fck =20 N/mm2 ; Fy = 415 N/mm2 P = 0.05 x30 = 1.5%
Step 1: Column selection
Asc= 1.5x300x300/ 100 = 1350 mm2
Leff = 0.85 x L = 0.85 x 3000 = 2550mm
Here, 20 mm bars are used
Leff/ b = 2550/300 = 7.5 < 12
= = 4 bars
Hence it is a short column
Provide 4 nos of 20 mm dia bars
Mu = 1.15 M2ux+M2uy
= 1.15 (55.999)2+(113.507)2 For X direction For Y direction
Mu = 145.544 kNm From chart 48 of SP-16 1978 d'/D= 40/ 300 = 0.1
Step 2: Effective cover Mux x 1/ fckbd2 = 0.004 P/(fck) = 1.39/30
d' = 30 + (20/2) = 40mm Mux₁ =0.004 x 30 x 300 x (300)2 = 0.04
(d') / D =40/300 = 0.1 Mux₁ =324 kNm
 From chart 48 of sp-16 1978
Muy x 1/ fckbd² =0.04
Muy = 324 kNm
=> Puz = 0.45 fck Ac + 0.75 fy Asc = 1669.44x103kN

Pu /Puz =585.687/1669.44x1000 = 0.35

( Mu / Mux1)αn +( Mu/Muy1) αn ≤ 1.0
( 55.999/324)2+(113.507/324)2 ≤ 1.0
= 0.15 ≤ 1.0
Hence ok.
Step 3: Ties reinforcement
(i) Tie diameter
= ¼ x  = ¼ x 20 = 5 mm
Provide 8 mm dia ties.
(ii) Pitch or spacing
 16 = 16 x 20 = 320 mm
 300 m
Hence provide 8 mm dia bar @ 300 mm c/c
Reinforcement details of biaxial column
 DESIGN OF FOOTING
Pu = 585.68 kN​ STEP 2 : NET UPWARD PRESSURE
SBC = 200 kN/ m2 Wu = Axial load / Area of footing
​Fck = 20 = 585.68 / 1.8 x 1.8 = 180.76 kN/m2

Fy ​ = 415​
STEP 3 : DEPTH OF FOOTING
Size = 300 x 300 mm The max BM acts at the face of the
​​ column and is given by
STEP 1 : AREA OF FOOTING
​ BM = ( Wu × B )/8 x (B-b )2
= Total load /SBC
​= 429.504 / 200 = (180.76 ×1.8) /8 × (1.8 -0.3 )2
= 91.5 kN-m
=​ 3.22 m2
​
​Total load = 585.68 + 10% of P Depth (d) required for the section
​ = 585.68+58.568 Mu =0.138 fck b d2
​ 137.37 × 106 = 0.138 × 20 × 1800 × d2
= 644.255 KN
d = 170 mm
​For square footing ,
​A= B2 Due to shear consideration,
Provide 400 mm as a effective depth.
B​ =  A = 3.22 Assume , Cover = 50 mm
​ = 1.8 m Effective depth (d) = 400 mm
Provide square footing of size 1.8m x 1.8m Overall depth (D) =450 mm
​​
​
STEP 4 : CALCULATION OF AREA OF Ultimate shear force (Vu)
STEEL Vu = 1.5 x 113.88 = 170.82 kN
Mu = 0.87 fy Ast(d - fy Ast / fck b ) Nominal shear strength(v)
Ast = 978.059 mm2 v = Vu/Bd = 170.82 x 103 / 1800 x 400
% of steel = Ast /b×d ×100 = 0.237 N/mm2
=0.136 % Shear strength of concrete(c)
Min reinforcement is 0.12 % C = K. C
Hence ok K=1, because depth > 300mm
Use 12 mm dia bar at both sides
No .of bar = 9 nos For P = 0.136 %
Spacing = 1800 /9 = 200 mm =0.237 < 0.28 N/mm2
Provide 9 nos of 12 mm dia bars @ 200 mm c/c
spacing Check for depth
Vu/Bd = K C
STEP 5 : CHECK FOR 1 WAY SHEAR
d = Vu/B K C
For 1 way shear ,critical section is located at
distance d from the face of column d = 170.82 × 103 / 1800 × 1 × 0.28
Shear force ,V = 339 mm
V= Wu × B ( B-b /2 -d ) Depth required for safe in shear is 339 mm
= 180.76 ×1.8 (1.8 -0.3 /2 -0.4 ) Depth required < Depth provided
=113.88 kN 339 mm < 400 mm
Hence safe
STEP 6 : CHECK FOR 2 WAY SHEAR

For 2 way shear ( punching shear ) the

section lies @ a distance of d/2 from the column
all around.
The width, bo = 300 + 400 /2 + 400 /2 = 700mm
Now Net SF acting on the perimeter
= Wu [B2 - bo2]
= 180.76 [1.82 - 0.72]
= 497.09 kN
Fu = 1.5 × 497.09 = 745.635 kN

From IS 456:200,
v = Fu/4 bo d = 0.67 N/mm2
Now permissible shear stress =ks c
ks = 0.5 + c = 0.5 +1 =1.5
ks = 1 (max)
c=0.25fck = 0.25 20 = 1.11 N/mm2
ks c = 1.11 x 1 =1.11 N/mm2
v < c
0.67 N/mm2 < 1.11 N/mm2
Hence safe.
Reinforcement details of footing
 DESIGN OF STAIRCASE
Tread T =300mm Assume cover thickness=25mm
Rise R =150mm d=200-25 = 175mm
Height of flight H =h/2 =3000/2 =1500mm LOAD CALCULATION :
Fck =30 N/mm2 Ws = bxDX25
Number of riser =1500/50 =10 =1X0.2X25 =5 kN/m2
Number of tread =No of riser-1 =10-1 = 9 Self weight of horizontal span = Ws √(R2+T2)/T
Total length of stair flight = 9x300 =2700mm =5.59 kN/m2
Width of landing = 3658-2700 =958mm Load on steps /metre length = one step/ T
= 0.562/0.3 =1.875 kN/m2
Depth of staircase
One step = ½ x R x T x 25 = ½ x 0.15 x0.3 x 25
Span =(n x t) + width of landing + wall support/2
= 0.562 kN/m2
=(9 x 300)+958+230/2 = 3773 mm
Floor finish = 1kN/m2 , Live load = 5 kN/m2
D = SPAN/20 = 3773/20 = 188.65=200mm
Total load(w) =13.47 kN/m2
Total factorial Load(Wu) =1.5 x 13.47 =20.21kN/m2
BENDING MOMENT
Use 12mm dia bars
Mu =Wul2/8 =35.9 kNm
Spacing =250mm
Mu lim = 0.138 fck x b x d2 =126.78 KNm Provide 12mm Φ @ 250mm c/c
REINFORCEMENT DETAILS DISTRIBUTION BARS
MAIN BARS Ast = 0.12% of cross area = 0.12% x b x D= 240 mm2
Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d(1-fy Ast/bd fck) Use 8 mm bar, Spacing = 210mm
Ast = 494.92 mm2 Provide 8mm Φ @ 210mm c/c
CONCLUSION
The planning, analysis and design of an orphanage building has been
completed effectively in our project. Limit state method is adopted for designing the
various components of the building.
The utilization of AutoCAD and Staad Pro has enabled us to intricately craft
the structural elements, ensuring precision both through manual techniques and within
the AutoCAD environment. Throughout our project journey, we adhered to code
provisions from SP 16 & IS 456:2000. The load combinations were done and the
maximum force and moment in each member has been obtained and designed for that
result.
This experience has equipped us with the skills and understanding needed to
approach upcoming endeavours with assurance and competence.
REFERENCES
1. IS 456-2000 Indian Standard "Plain and Reinforced Concrete"-Code of Practice, Published by
Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.

2. IS 875 (PART 1),1987 Indian Standard "Code Of Practice For Design Loads (Other Than
Earthquake) For Buildings And Structures", Published by Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.

3. IS 875 (PART 2),1987 Indian Standard "Design Loads (Other Than Earthquake) For Buildings
And Structures", Published by Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.

4. Punmia B.C(2007),"Design of Reinforced Concrete", Laxmi publications, Chennai, Tenth edition.

5. SP 16, "Design aids for Reinforced concrete to IS 456-1978" Bureau of Indian Standards, New
Delhi.

6. S. Ramamrutham, "Design of Reinforced concrete structure"

THANK YOU..