Uniform circular motion Non uniform circular motion

In Uniform circular In non-uniform circular

motion, Speed of the motion, Speed of the object
object is constant is not constant
Object will have only Object will have both
centripetal acceleration centripetal and tangential
acceleration
 Velocity Average velocity
Instantaneous velocity or Average velocity is the
velocity is equal to limiting ratio of
displacement to the
total
value of average velocity at corresponding total time
that instant of time interval
 Linear motion Angular motion
𝐯 = 𝐮 + 𝐚𝐭 𝝎 =𝝎 𝟎 + 𝜶 𝐭
𝟏 𝟏 𝟐
𝐒 = 𝐮𝐭 + 𝐚 𝒕 𝟐 𝜽=𝝎 𝟎 𝐭 + 𝜶 𝒕
𝟐 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
𝐯 =𝐮 +𝟐 𝐚𝐒
 Distance Displacement
Actual path length Shortest distance between
travelled by an object initial and final position of
during a time interval is the object, during a time
called Distance interval is called Displacement
It is a positive scalar It is a Vector quantity
quantity
 Velocity Speed
Rate of change of Ratio of total path length
Displacement vector with travelled to the corresponding
time is called velocity time interval is called speed

It is a Vector quantity It is a Scalar quantity

 Uniform Acceleration Non-Uniform Acceleration
If Velocity of the object If Velocity of the object
changes equally as time changes unequally as time
changes equally, then the changes equally, then the
object is in uniform object is in uniform
acceleration acceleration
 0
l 𝐱 =l Cos 𝛉=1. Cos 30 = √ 3
𝑚
0 1
l 𝒚 =l Sin 𝜽=1.Sin 30 = 𝑚
2 2
 ⃗ ^
𝑟 1 =5 𝑖+6 ^𝑗 ⃗ ^
𝑟 2 =2 𝑖+3 ^𝑗

𝒅𝒓 ⃗
𝑟2 −⃗𝑟1
𝐯 𝒂𝒗𝒈 = = ^
=( 2 𝑖+3 ^𝑗 ) − ¿ ¿
𝒅𝒕 5
^
2 𝑖+3 ^𝑗 − 5 𝑖^ − 6 ^𝑗 − 3 𝑖^ − 3 ^𝑗 ^ ^𝒋 )
𝟑( 𝒊+
𝐯 𝒂𝒗𝒈 = = =−
5 5 𝟓
 𝑅= 4 h𝑚𝑎𝑥
2 2 2
𝑢 𝑆𝑖𝑛2 θ 𝑢 𝑆 𝑖𝑛θ
=4
𝑔 2𝑔
2 2 2 S
𝑢 𝑆𝑖𝑛2 θ 𝑢 𝑆 𝑖𝑛θ
=4
𝑔 2𝑔
 𝟐 𝟐
𝒖 𝑟 = 𝑅𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝒖
Maximum range : 𝑹𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝒓=
𝒈 𝒈
𝟐
𝒖= 𝐯
𝐯 𝝅𝐯
𝟒
𝒓= 𝟐
¿𝝅𝒓 = 𝟐
𝒈
𝒈
 ()
2
1
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟎
25 x
𝒖 𝑺 𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝟓 𝑺 𝒊𝒏 𝟑𝟎 2
𝒉= = =
𝟐𝒈 𝟐𝐱 𝟗.𝟖 19.6
25 x 0.25 6.25 log of 6.25 = 0.7959
h= =
19.6 19.6 log of 19.6 = 1.2923
.5036
h=𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝟖𝟖𝒎 Antilog of .5036=0.3188

2
𝑢 𝑆𝑖𝑛2 θ 𝟐 𝟐(𝟑𝟎¿¿ 𝟎) 𝟐𝟓 𝐱 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟔 𝟎 𝟎
𝑅= =𝟓 𝑺𝒊𝒏 = ¿
𝑔 𝟗.𝟖 𝟗 .𝟖
 2
𝑢 𝑆𝑖𝑛2 θ 𝟐 𝟐(𝟑𝟎¿¿ 𝟎) 25 x 𝑆𝑖𝑛6 0
0
𝑅= =𝟓 𝑺𝒊𝒏 = ¿
𝑔 𝟗.𝟖 9.8
25 x √ 3 log of 25 = 1.3979
2 25 x 1.732 +
𝑅= = log of 1.732 = 0.2385
9. 8 19.6
𝑅=𝟐. 𝟐𝟎𝟗𝒎 - 1.6364
log of 19.6 = 1.2923
0.3441
Antilog of 0.3441=2.209
 2
𝑢 𝑆𝑖𝑛2 θ 𝟐 𝟐(𝟑𝟎¿¿ 𝟎) 400 x 𝑆𝑖𝑛6 0
0
𝑅= =𝟐𝟎 𝑺𝒊𝒏 = ¿
𝑔 𝟗.𝟖 9.8
400 x √ 3 log of 400 = 2.6020
2 400 x 1.732 +
𝑅= = log of 1.732 = 0.2385
9. 8 19.6
𝑅=𝟑𝟓. 𝟑𝟒𝒎 - 2.8405
log of 19.6 = 1.2923
Ball will not reach the goal post
since the range is less than goal 1.5482
post distance of 40m. Antilog of 1.5482=35.34
 −𝟐
𝝎 𝟎=𝟎 , 𝜶 =𝟎 .𝟐 𝒓𝒂𝒅 𝒔 , 𝒕=𝟑 𝒔 π radian=180
0

0
𝟏 180
Angular 𝜽=𝝎 𝟎 𝐭 + 𝜶 𝒕
𝟐
1 radian=
displacement 𝟐 π
1 2 0.9 x 180
0
𝜃= ( 0 ) t + x 0.2 x 3 0 .9 radian=
2 π
𝜃=0.1 x 9=𝟎 .𝟗 𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐧
𝑹=𝒖
√
𝟐𝒉
𝒈
𝑹=𝟏𝟎
𝟐 𝐱 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟗.𝟖 √𝑅=10
200
9.8 √
( )
1
200 ½ log of 200 = ½ x 2.3010=1.1505
𝑅=10
9.8
2
½ log of 9.8 -
= ½ x 0.9912= 0.4956
𝑅=10 x 4.517 0.6549
Antilog of 0.6549 = 4.517
𝑅=𝟒𝟓. 𝟏𝟕 𝐦
Two vectors are given as and Find the resultant vector X

X
Calculate the area of the triangle for which two of its sides are
given by the vectors and

X
expanding
along column 3
area of the triangle
The total = 3 x circumference of track
distance = 3 x 2 π r
covered by = 3 x 2 x 3.14 x 50
the athlete = 942 m
 With respect to ground Let be the velocity of the swimmer
and be the velocity of the river swimmer’s speed
𝐯 𝒔 + 𝒗 𝒓 =𝟏𝟐 9 + 𝑣 𝑟 =12 in still water
𝐯 𝒔 −𝒗 𝒓 =𝟔 𝑣 𝑟 =12 − 9
−𝟏
2 v 𝑠 =18 𝒗 𝒓 =𝟑 𝑲𝒎𝒉 velocity of the river
−𝟏
𝐯 𝒔 =𝟗 𝑲𝒎𝒉 flow
time taken to watch 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡h 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝟗𝟎
the full train ¿ = =𝟔 𝒔
𝑅𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝟏𝟓
 −1 5 −1
𝑢=54 𝐾𝑚 h x =15 𝑚 𝑠 , 𝑠=225 𝑚 , v =0
18
For negative acceleration (retardation) a= -a
𝟐 𝟐
𝐯 =𝐮 −𝟐 𝐚𝐒 ( )
2 a 225 =𝟏𝟓
𝟐 2 a=1
𝟎 =𝟏𝟓 − 𝟐 𝐚 (𝟐𝟐𝟓) 2 a ( 225 )=225
𝟐 𝟐
using the kinematic equation for constant acceleration
𝟏 1 2
𝐒 = 𝐮𝐭 + 𝐚 𝒕 𝟐 d =( 0) t + 𝑔 𝑡
𝟐 2 𝟏 𝟐
𝐝= 𝒈 𝒕
1 2 𝟐
, d =( 0) t + 𝑔 𝑡
2

−2
𝑔=9.8 𝑚 𝑠
 2
𝑢 𝑆𝑖𝑛2 θ 𝟐 𝟐(𝟑𝟎¿¿ 𝟎) 900 x 𝑆𝑖𝑛 6 0
0
𝑅= =𝟑𝟎 𝑺𝒊𝒏 = ¿
𝑔 𝟏𝟎 10

𝑅=9 0 x √ 3
=45 x 1.732
2 𝑅=𝟕𝟕. 𝟗𝟒𝒎
Ball will go for six as the range R is greater than
boundary line distance of 75 m.
 0
A=5 unit , B=7 unit , 𝜃=60 , 𝑅=? , α =?
𝐑 =√ 𝐀 +𝟐 𝐀𝐁𝐂𝐨𝐬 𝛉+ 𝐁
𝟐 𝟐
7. √ 3
−1 2
α =tan
𝐑 =√ 𝟓 +𝟐(𝟓)(𝟕) 𝐂𝐨𝐬 𝟔𝟎 +𝟕
𝟐 𝟎 𝟐 1
5+7 ( )
2

√
√ 3
1 7.
2
R= 25+2(5)(7) +49 α =tan
−1

2 (
17
2
)
𝐑 =√ 𝟏𝟎𝟗 𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐬 7 x 1.732
−1
𝐁𝐒𝐢𝐧 𝛉 α =tan
𝛂 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 −𝟏 17
𝐀 + 𝐁𝐂𝐨𝐬 𝛉 −1
𝟎 α =tan 0.7131
−𝟏 𝟓 . 𝐒𝐢𝐧 𝟔𝟎
𝛂 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟎 𝛂 =𝟑𝟓 .𝟓 𝟎
𝟓+ 𝟕. 𝐂𝐨𝐬 𝟔𝟎
 0
A=5 unit , B=7 unit , 𝜃=60 , 𝑅=? , α =?
𝐑 =√ 𝐀 −𝟐 𝐀𝐁𝐂𝐨𝐬𝛉 + 𝐁
𝟐 𝟐
7. √ 3
−1 2
α =tan
𝐑 =√ 𝟓 −𝟐(𝟓)(𝟕) 𝐂𝐨𝐬 𝟔𝟎 +𝟕
𝟐 𝟎 𝟐 1
5 −7 ( )
2

√
√ 3
1 7.
2
R= 25 −2 (5)(7) +49 α =tan
−1

2 3
( )
2
𝐑 =√ 𝟑𝟗 𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐬 7 x 1.732
−1
𝐁𝐒𝐢𝐧 𝛉 α =tan
𝛂 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 −𝟏 3
𝐀 − 𝐁𝐂𝐨𝐬 𝛉 −1
𝟎 α =tan 4.041
−𝟏 𝟓 . 𝐒𝐢𝐧 𝟔𝟎
𝛂 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟎 𝛂 =𝟕𝟔 .𝟏 𝟎
𝟓 −𝟕 . 𝐂𝐨𝐬 𝟔𝟎
 A
𝛉

u
𝒉𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝐮𝐒𝐢𝐧

θ
O𝐮𝐂𝐨𝐬 𝛉 C B
Range- R
 1 2
𝑆 𝑥 = 𝑢𝑥 t + 𝑎 𝑥 𝑡
2
1 𝒙
2 𝒕=
𝑥=𝑢 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜃 t + (0) 𝑡 𝒖 𝑪𝒐𝒔 θ
2
𝑥=𝑢 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜃 . t
1 2
𝑆 𝑦 =𝑢 𝑦 t + 𝑎 𝑦 𝑡
2
1 2 𝒙
𝑦 =𝑢 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃 t + (− 𝑔) 𝑡 𝒕=
2 𝒖 𝑪𝒐𝒔 θ

( )
2
𝑥 1 𝑥
𝑦 =𝑢 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃 . − .𝑔
𝑢 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜃 2 𝑢 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜃
𝟐
𝒈𝒙
𝒚 =𝒙 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽 − 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐 𝒖 𝑪 𝒐𝒔 𝜽
 𝟐 𝟐
Maximum 𝒖 𝑺 𝒊𝒏 𝜃
𝒉𝒎𝒂𝒙 =
height 𝟐𝒈

𝟐 𝒖 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝜽
Time of flight 𝑻 𝒇 =
𝒈
𝟐
𝒖 𝑺 𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝜽
Horizontal range 𝑹=
𝒈
For the vertical part of the motion from O to A,
2 2
v 𝑦 =𝑢 𝑦 + 2 𝑎 𝑦 𝑆 𝑦
𝟐 𝟐
𝒖 𝑺 𝒊𝒏 𝜃
2
0=( 𝑢 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃 ) + 2 ( − g ) . h𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝒉𝒎𝒂𝒙 =
𝟐𝒈
2 2
2 𝑔 h 𝑚𝑎𝑥 =𝑢 𝑆 𝑖𝑛 𝜃

For the vertical part of the motion from O to B,

1 2
𝑆 𝑦 =𝑢 𝑦 t + 𝑎 𝑦 𝑡 2
𝑔 T 𝑓 =2 𝑢 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃 . 𝑇 𝑓
2
𝟏 𝟐
𝟎=𝒖 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝜽 . 𝑻 𝒇 + ( −𝒈 ) 𝐓 𝒇 𝟐 𝒖 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝜽
𝟐 𝑻𝒇=
1 2 𝒈
𝑔 T 𝑓 =𝑢 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃 . 𝑇 𝑓
2
Range R = Horizontal component of velocity x time of flight
𝑹=𝒖 𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝜽 . 𝑻 𝒇 𝟐
𝒖 𝑺 𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝜽
𝑹=
2 𝑢𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝒈
𝑅=𝑢𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜃 . Range R is maximum
𝑔
2 If 𝑢
2
𝑢 .2 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑅𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝑅= 𝑔
𝑔

𝐯 = 𝐮 − 𝐠𝐭 𝟏 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
𝐯 =𝐮 −𝟐 𝐠𝐒
𝐒= 𝐮𝐭 − 𝒈 𝒕
𝟐
 𝟏 𝟐
𝐯 = 𝐮 + 𝐠𝐭 𝐒= 𝐮𝐭 + 𝒈 𝒕 𝟐 𝐯 =𝐮 +𝟐 𝐠𝐒
𝟐

𝟐
Suppose the object starts from rest. Then u = 0
𝟏 𝟐
𝐯 =𝐠𝐭 𝐒 = 𝒈 𝒕 𝐯 𝟐
=𝟐 𝐠𝐒
𝟐
The time (T) taken 1

√
2
by the rest particle to :h= 2 𝑔 𝑇
𝟐𝒉 h
reach the ground 2 2 𝑔 𝐓=
from height h (S = h), 𝑇 = h 𝒈
(t = T)
The speed of the particle 2
when it reaches the ground v =2 gh 𝐯 = √𝟐 𝐠𝐡
𝐓=
√ √
𝟐𝒉 𝟐 𝐱 𝟏𝟎
𝒈
=
𝟏𝟎
=√ 2=𝟏.𝟒𝟏𝟒 𝒔
 θ ∆𝒔
Angular :
In a time ∆t, speed θ
𝒓
∆𝑠 ∆θ 𝐯 =𝒓 . 𝝎
=𝑟 .
∆𝑡 ∆t
In the limit ∆t→0
lim ∆ θ Linear speed v acts tangential to the circle
∆𝑠 ∆ t →0
and angular speed acts along the axis of
lim =𝑟 .
∆ t →0 ∆𝑡 ∆t
circle
𝒅𝒔 𝒅θ In general the relation between linear
=𝒓 . 𝐯 =⃗ ω𝐗 𝒓
𝒅𝒕 𝒅t and angular velocity is given by ⃗ ⃗
Linear : v= 𝑑 𝑠 are perpendicular to each other
speed 𝑑𝑡 given by
Differentiating 𝐯 =𝒓 . 𝝎
𝒂 →Tangential acceleration
We get 𝒅 𝐯 =𝒓 . 𝒅 𝝎 𝒂 =𝒓 . α 𝒕

𝒅𝒕 𝒅t 𝒕 α→ angular acceleration
 ∆𝐯 ∆𝐫
=− =Ɵ
𝐯 𝐫
v .∆r
∆ v =−
r
v.∆r
−
∆𝐯 r v ∆𝑟
𝐚= = =−
∆𝐭 ∆t r ∆t
𝟐
v 𝐯
a=− . v 𝐚 =−
r 𝐫
Velocity is equal to ∆𝒓
rate of change of : 𝐯 =
displacement ∆𝒕

Centripetal : 𝐚 =− 𝐯 . 𝐯
acceleration 𝐫
𝐯𝟐
𝐚 =− 𝟐
𝐫 𝐯 =𝒓 . 𝝎 𝐚 =−ω 𝐫
𝑨𝑵 =𝑩 . 𝑪𝒐𝒔 Ѳ
𝑩𝑵 = 𝑩. 𝑺𝒊𝒏Ѳ
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝑶𝑩 =𝑶 𝑵 + 𝑩 𝑵
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝑹 =( 𝑨+ 𝑩 . 𝑪𝒐𝒔 Ѳ ) + ( 𝑩 . 𝑺𝒊𝒏 Ѳ )

𝑹=√ 𝑨 +𝟐 𝑨𝑩𝑪𝒐𝒔 Ѳ+𝑩

𝟐 𝟐

−𝟏 𝑩 . 𝑺𝒊𝒏 Ѳ
α =tan
𝑨+ 𝑩 . 𝑪𝒐𝒔 Ѳ
 𝒅 𝐯 =𝒂. 𝒅𝒕 𝐝𝐬 = 𝐯 . 𝐝𝐭 𝒅 𝐯 =𝒂. 𝒅𝒕
𝐯 𝐭 𝐬 𝐭
∫ 𝐝𝐯 =𝐚 .∫ 𝐝𝐭 ∫ 𝐝𝐬 =∫ ( 𝐮 + 𝐚𝐭 ) 𝐝𝐭 𝒅𝒔=
𝟏
𝟐𝒂
.𝒅 𝐯 )
( 𝟐

𝐮 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
𝒔 𝒗
𝐯 = 𝐮 + 𝐚𝐭 𝟏
∫ 𝒅𝒔=∫ 𝟐 𝒂 . 𝒅 ( 𝐯 )
𝟐

𝟎 𝒖
𝟐 𝟐
𝐯 =𝒖 + 𝟐 𝐚𝐬