COMMUNICATIONS

RADIO RECEIVERS
 ABOUT ME : G C REDDY
 14+ Years' Teaching Experience
 M.TECH
 Achievement :
PART OF SUCCESS STORY OF THOUSANDS OF GATE/ESE ASPIRANTS
 Area of Expertise:
EMFT AND COMMUNICATIONS
RADIO RECEIVERS
RADIO RECEIVERS
 RADIO RECEIVERS

Amazing Facts
 RADIO RECEIVERS

Sound in dB Range
Pin Drop 10 dB 0-180 dB

Whisper 30 dB

Normal Speech 95 dB
Rock Concert 120 dB

Jet Air-Craft 130 dB

Gun Shot 140 dB
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Speed of Sound in Air = 343 m/sec

Speed of Sound in water = 1500 m/sec

Hearing capacity of Animals

Elephants 14 Hz
Cats 64 kHz
Bats 200 kHz
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7 Hz Frequency of organs of our Body

Disturb Heart and Brain activity

Source Machines, Natural Storms, Earthquakes, Hurricans

432 Hz Soothing, Decrease Blood Pressure, Peace of Mind

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TYPES OF RADIO RECEIVER

1. AM RADIO

TRF

SHR

2. FM RADIO
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TRF RECEIVER
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DRAWBACKS OF TUNED RADIO FREQUENCY RECEIVER

1. FOR EACH CHANNEL DEMODULATOR MUST DEMODULATE DIFFERENT FREQUENCY

2. DEMODULATOR MUST DEAL WITH HIGHER VARIABLE FREQUENCY

SOLUTION : FINDING A SYSTEM WHICH CAN MAKE DEMODULATOR TO WORK

ON FIXED LOWER FREQUENCY
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CHARACTERISTIC PARAMETERS OF A RECEIVER

1. SENSITIVITY

2. SELECTIVITY

3. FIDELITY
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Sensitivity 1
Sensitivity 
Gain
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Selectivity
fr
Q
B.W.

FIDELITY
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SUPER HETERODYNE RECEIVER
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DRAWBACK OF SUPER HETERODYNE RECEIVER

IMAGE SIGNAL

Fs = 500 KHz
IF = 455 KHz
Fl = 955 KHz
Fsi = 1410 KHz

SOLUTION

PRESLECTOR
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Preselector

Gfs
 IRR  1 Q   2 2

Gfsi
ffsi s
 
ffs si
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Q. A receiver having no RF amplifier is tuned to

555KHz. The local oscillator frequency is
adjusted to 1010 KHz and the quality factor is
50. Calculate the Image frequency and IRR.
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Q. A receiver having RF amplifier is tuned to

1200KHz . The IF is 450 KHz, the quality factor, of
both the tuned circuits is same and is equal to
65. Calculate the Image frequency and IRR.
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WHY LOCAL OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY SHOULD BE GREATER THAN
TUNED CHANNEL FREQUENCY IN AM RADIO
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1. Identify True Statements

i. FDM is used for multiplexing AM Radio Stations
ii. TDM is used for multiplexing AM Radio Stations
iii. Frequency allocated for AM broadcasting is 500kHz
to 1600kHz
iv. Frequency allocated for AM broadcasting is 550kHz
to 1650kHz
A. (i) (iii)
B. (ii) (iii)
C. (i) (iv)
D. (ii) (iv)
 RADIO RECEIVERS

2. Identify True Statements

AM modulators are
i. Balanced Modulator
ii. Switching Modulator
iii. Square law Modulator
iv. Ring modulator
A. (i) (ii) (iii)
B. (ii) (iii)(iv)
C. (ii) (iii)
D. (i) (iv)
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3. Identify True Statements

i. AM Broadcasting Band width is 1100Mhz
ii. AM Broadcasting Bandwidth is 1100kHz
iii. FM Broadcasting Bandwidth is 20kHz
iv. FM Broadcasting Bandwidth is 20MHz
A. (i) (ii)
B. (i) (iv)
C. (ii) (iii)
D. (ii) (iv)
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4. i. Bandwidth required to accommodate each AM

station is 10kHz
ii. Max number of channels allocated in AM are
110.
iii. when we accommodate 110 channels, guard
band is 1kHz
iv. when guard band is 2kHz, Max-channels than
we can accommodate are 93
identify true statements
A. (i) (ii)
B. (i) (ii)(iv)
C. All
D. (i) (ii) (iii)
 RADIO RECEIVERS

5. Identify true statements

i. AM Radio can use ionosphere for transmitting
signals for longer distance
ii. FM radio use LOS propagation
iii. AM is more prone to noise than FM
iv. For Transmitting AM Signal strength must be
at least 20 times higher than noise, while as in
FM signal strength must be at least twice than
noise
A. (ii)(iii)(iv)
B. (ii)(iii)
C. (iii)(iv)
D. All
 RADIO RECEIVERS

6. Identify the true Statements RF amplifier does

the following
i. Converts RF to AF
ii. Amplifies the signal
iii. Acts as a tuned circuit to select desired
station
iv. Works as BPF
A. All
B. (i) (ii) (iii)
C. (ii) (iii) (iv)
D. (i) (iii) (iv)
 RADIO RECEIVERS

7. Identify the true statements

i. RF amplifier selects the desired station
ii. Demodulator converts RF to AF
iii. Demodulator used in AM radio is ratio detector
iv. Power amplifier is used to make impedance
matching with low input impedance loudspeaker
A. (i) All
B. (ii)(iii)(iv)
C. (iii)(iv)(i)
D. (iv)(i)(ii)
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8. The following can be used as AM demodulator

i. PLL
ii. Square Law demodulator
iii. Envelope detector
iv. Synchronous detector
A. (i) (ii) (iii)
B. (ii) (iii) (iv)
C. (ii) (iv) (i)
D. (iv) (i) (ii)
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9. Identify the true statements

(i) input to AM modulator is AF, when used in
Radio station
(ii) input to RF amplifier is RF in TRF receiver
(iii) input to Demodulator is RF in TRF receiver
(iv) output of demodulator is AF in TRF
receiver
A. (i) (ii) (iv)
B. (i) (ii) (iii)
C. (ii) (iii) (iv)
D. All
 RADIO RECEIVERS

10. Identify the true statements.

(i) Maximum signal strength required at the input
of receiver to get standard output is called as
sensitivity.
(ii) Minimum signal strength required at the input
of receiver to get standard output is called as
sensitivity.
(iii) Sensitivity α Gain
(iv) Sensitivity α 1/Gain
A. (i) (iii)
B. (i) (iv)
C. (ii) (iii)
D. (ii) (iv)
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11. Identify the true statements

(i) Selectivity is the ability of the receiver to
select required frequencies only.
(ii) At a resonant frequency of 1000 KHz and Q
= 100; Bandwidth is 100 MHz
(iii) B.W. = fr × Q
(iv) B.W is inversely proportional to Q at a
given resonant frequency.
A. (i) (ii) (iii)
B. (i) (iv)
C. All
D. Only (i)
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12. Identify true statements

(i) Fidelity of AM is 15 KHz
(ii) Fidelity of AM is 5 KHz
(iii) Fidelity of FM is 15 KHz
(iv) Fidelity of FM is 5 KHz
A. (i) (ii)
B. (ii) (iii)
C. (iii) (iv)
D. (iv) (i)
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13. (i) In AM, IF value is 455 KHz

(ii) In FM, IF value is 455 KHz
(iii) In AM, IF value is 10.7 MHz
(iv) In FM, If value is 10.7MHz
A. (i) (ii)
B. (ii) (iii)
C. (iii) (iv)
D. (iv) and (i)
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14. For a super Heterodyne receiver used for AM Radio

(i) Q = 55.5
(ii) fr (IF) = 455 KHz
(iii) B.W. = 10 KHz
(iv) 455 ≤ fs ≤ 1550
Identify the true statements
A. (i) (ii) (iii)
B. (ii) (iii) (iv)
C. (ii) (iii)
D. (i) (iv)
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15. Identity true statements

(i). when fl > fs, IF = fl – fs
(ii) when fl < fs, IF = fl – fs
(iii) when fs > fl, IF = fs – fl
(iv) when fs < fl IF = fs – fl
A. (i) (iii)
B. (i) (iv)
C. (ii) (iii)
D. (ii) (iv)
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AGC
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FM STANDARD VALUES

RANGE 88 MHz to 108 MHz

IF 10.7 MHz

B.W. 200 KHz

Freq dev 75 KHz

Fm 15 KHz

Mod index 5
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PRE EMPHASIS and DE EMPHASIS

Noise
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1. Identify the true statements

(i) Input to mixer is always a modulated signal
(ii) Channel selection is done by RF tuned Amplifier
in super heterodyne receiver
(iii) Mixer is used to down convert the frequency
(iv) Output of mixer is always fixed at 555 KHz in
AM Radio.
A. (i) (ii) (iii)
B. (ii) (iii) (iv)
C. (iii) (iv) (i)
D. All
 RADIO RECEIVERS

2. The process of adjusting local oscillator

frequency to generator constant IF is called as
A. Amplification
B. Attenuation
C. Tuning
D. All
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3. A Tuned circuit is always used _________ a mixer

to improve I.R.R.
A. before
B. After
C. Both
D. none
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4. (i) The combination of Tuned circuit followed by

mixer is called as Tuner
(ii) The combination of Tuned circuit followed by
mixer is called as pre-selector
(iii) Pre-selector is the combination of RF Amplifier,
mixer and local oscillator
(iv) Tuner is the combination of RF amplifier, mixer
and local oscillator
Identify true statements
A. (i) (iii)
B. (ii) (iv)
C. (i) (ii)
D. (iii) (iv)
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5. When we cascade two tuned circuits with IRR

α1 and α2 the resultant IRR α = _______
A. α1 + α2
B. α1 – α2
C. α1 α2
D.
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6. In a super heterodyne receiver, Image

frequency fsi is
A. fs + IF
B. fs – IF
C. fs + 2[IF]
D. fs – 2[IF]
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7. Image rejection ratio α

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Identify the true statements
A. (i) (iii)
B. (i) (iv)
C. (ii) (iii)
D. (ii) (iv)
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8. For Good IRR.

(i) GfS must be high
(ii) GfS must be low
(iii) GfSi must be high
(iv) Gfsi must be low
Identify true statements
A. (i) (iii)
B. (i) (iv)
C. (ii) (iii)
D. (ii) (iv)
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9. Image rejection factor ρ is given by

A.
B.
C.
D. None
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10. Two tuned circuits with IRR of 93 and 84 are

cascaded the resultant IRR is
A. 93 + 84
B. 93 – 84
C. 93 × 84
D.
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1. For channel frequency of 800 KHz, IF of 500

KHz, for fl > fs
(i) fl (ii) fsi
A. (i) 1300 KHz (ii) 1800 KHz
B. (i) 300 KHz (ii) 1300 KHz
C. (i) 1800 KHz (ii) 1300 KHz
D. (i) 1300 KHz (ii) 300 KHz
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2. A channel tuned to 800KHz, with IF at 400KHz

then α = _________ if Q = 100 (approximately)
A. 125
B. 150
C. 175
D. 1225
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3. When fl > fs, the ratio of (approximately)

A. 8.1
B. 4.1
C. 2.1
D. 1.1
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4. When fl < fs, the ratio of (approximately)

A. 11.57
B. 12.57
C. 13.57
D. 14.57
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5. IRR can be increased by

(i) increasing Q
(ii) increasing IF
(iii) Deceasing IF
(iv) Cascading Tuned circuits
Identify the true statements
A. (i) (ii)
B. (i) (iii)
C. (i) (iv)
D. (i) (ii) (iv)
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6. Why increasing IRR by increasing Q is not a good

solution.
A. As it increases the B.W. of tuned circuit
B. As it decreases the B.W of tuned circuit
C. IRR do not increase as Q is increased
D. None
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7. For a channel turned in AM radio, Gain at

channel frequency is found to be 93 and Gain at
Image frequency is found to be 5, then IRR is
equal to _________ (approximately)
A. 98
B. 88
C. 465
D. 19
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8. In an AM Radio, with specific IF value, the

ratio of is found to be 4 can we practically
operate the radio
A. YES
B. NO
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9. In an AM Radio, with specific IF value, the

value of is found to be 4, then the value of
is _______
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10. The maximum value of for tunable capacitance

ratio is _______
A. 10

B.

C.
D. 100
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11. In an AM Radio system, when fl > fs, the ratio

of is________
A. 2.094
B. 4.387
C. 2.397
D. 4.887
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12. In an AM Radio system, when fl < fs, the ratio of

is________
A. 6.57
B. 38.22
C. 12.57
D. 158.22
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13. In a given audio receiving system if fs is in

KHz range then IF will also be ____ range
A. KHz
B. MHz
C. GHz
D. THz
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14. The loss of signal strength received due to

various propagation loses is called as ______
A. Tuning
B. Attenuation
C. Fading
D. Amplification
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15. The circuit used to maintain constant audio

output in an AM Radius is
A. Mixer
B. Tuner
C. AGC
D. Local oscillator
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16. Range of FM
A. 550 KHz to 1650KHz
B. 550MHz to 1650 MHz
C. 88 MHz to 108 MHz
D. 88 KHz to 108 KHz
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17. Standard Bandwidth allocated to each FM

channel is ________ time the standard
Bandwidth allocated to AM channel
A. 10
B. 20
C. 5
D. 15
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18. According to broadcasting standards, the

maximum frequency allocated for message
signal in FM is
A. 5KHz
B. 10 KHz
C. 15 KHz
D. 20 KHz
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19. According to Broadcasting standards, the

maximum frequency deviation allowed in FM is
A. 75MHz
B. 75 KHz
C. 25 MHz
D. 25 KHz
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20. According to Broadcasting standards the

bandwidth of FM channel is________
A. 100KHz
B. 100MHz
C. 200KHz
D. 200MHz
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21. According to Broadcasting standards the

standard value of  (Modulation index) in
FM is
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
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1. The number of channels (stations) that can be

accommodated in FM are
A. 100
B. 200
C. 300
D. 400
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2. The unit of fidelity in Radio system is

A. Pixels
B. Volts
C. Amps
D. Hertz
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3. Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis are used to

improve the _____of the audio signal
A. Amplitude
B. Strength
C. Gain
D. Fidelity
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4. The following represents the PSD of audio

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5. The following represents the PSD of Noise

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6. pre-Emphasis is a technique used at

(i) Transmitter
(ii) receiver
(iii) before modulation
(iv) after modulation
Identify the true statements
A. (i) (iii)
B. (i) (iv)
C. (ii) (iii)
D. (ii) (iv)
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7. Identify the true statements

(i) In audio signal transmission, At low frequencies S/N > 1
(ii) In audio signal transmission, At low frequencies S/N < 1
(iii) In audio signal transmission, At high frequencies, S/N > 1
(iv) In audio signal transmission, At high frequencies, S/N < 1
A. (i) (iii)
B. (i) (iv)
C. (ii) (iii)
D. (ii) (iv)
 RADIO RECEIVERS

8. Pre emphasis is the process of boosting the

_____ frequencies of audio signal, so that is
_______.
A. low, > 1
B. Low, < 1
C. High, > 1
D. High, < 1
 RADIO RECEIVERS

9. Pre-Emphasis and de-emphasis are not used in

A. AM radio
B. FM radio
C. Music systems
D. None
 RADIO RECEIVERS

10. A music system which uses pre-emphasis and

De-emphasis is called
A. Pre-emphasis network
B. Pre- de network
C. DOLBY SOUND system
D. All
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11. The unit of PSD is

A. W/m2
B. W/Hz
C. Watts
D. Watt/m3
 RADIO RECEIVERS

12. Identify the true statements

(i) In pre-emphasis upto frequency f1, Gain is equal to 1
(ii) In pre-emphasis after frequency f1, Gain is equal to 1
(iii) In pre – emphasis after frequency f1, gain is greater
than 1
(iv) In pre emphasis upto frequency f1, Gain is greater
than 1
A. (i) (iii)
B. (ii) (iv)
C. All
D. None
 RADIO RECEIVERS

13. (i) Pre-emphasis is employed before

modulation at transmitter
(ii) In pre-emphasis, gain > 1
(iii) De-emphasis is employed after
demodulation at receiver
(iv) In De-emphasis, Gain < 1
Identity the true statements
A. (i) (iii)
B. (ii) (iv)
C. All
D. None
 RADIO RECEIVERS

14. Amplitude limiter is used in _________system

A. AM
B. FM
C. Both
D. None
 RADIO RECEIVERS

15. AM is used for following requirements

(i) Simple circuit
(ii) Low Bandwidth
(iii) Low efficiency
(iv) long distance transmission
A. (i) (ii) (iii)
B. (ii) (iii) (iv)
C. All
D. (i), (ii), (iv)
 RADIO RECEIVERS

16. FM has following characteristics

(i) Complex circuit
(ii) high Bandwidth
(iii) High efficiency
(iv) LOS distance communications
A. (i) (ii) (iii)
B. (ii) (iii) (iv)
C. All
D. (i), (ii), (iv)
 RADIO RECEIVERS

17. In FM Radio operating over 88MHz to

108 MHz, when fl < fs can we practically
implement the radio
A. Yes
B. No
 RADIO RECEIVERS

18. In FM radio, when fl >fs;

A. 1.202
B. 1.4466
C. 3.16
D. 10
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19. In FM radio, when fl >fs; = ______

A. 1.202
B. 1.4466
C. 3.16
D. 10
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20. In FM radio, when fl < fs;

A. 1.258
B. 1.5844
C. 11.202
D.
 RADIO RECEIVERS

21. In FM radio, when fl < fs; = _______

A. 1.258
B. 1.5844
C.
D. 10
 RADIO RECEIVERS
Q. The main advantage of pre-emphasis
circuit in FM transmitter is:
A. To increase the carrier power
B. To improve the signal to noise ratio at
low audio frequencies
C. To increase the bandwidth of side
band
D. To improve the signal to noise ratio at
high audio frequencies
 RADIO RECEIVERS

Q. The de-emphasis filter in an RADIO

RECEIVERS comes
A. Before FM demodulator
B. After FM demodulator and before
baseband filter
C. After baseband filter
D. Before RF amplifier
 RADIO RECEIVERS
Q. Match List-I (system) with List-II(Application)
and select the correct answer Codes:
List-I List-II A B C D
A. Pre-emphasis 1. AM Detector
B. Armstrong Method 2. RADIO A. 4 3 2 1
RECEIVERS B. 3 5 1 2
C. Envelope Detector 3. FM Generator
D. De-Emphasis 4. FM Transmitter C. 4 3 1 2
5. AM transmitter D. 5 3 2 1
 RADIO RECEIVERS
Q. Assertion A.: FM systems employ pre-
emphasis and de – emphasis.
Reason (R): Pre- emphasis and de- emphasis
are measured in micro- sec
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
 RADIO RECEIVERS

Q. The type of noise reduced by limiters in

RADIO RECEIVERS is
A. Avalanche noise
B. Burst noise
C. Narrow band – pass noise
D. Impulse noise
 RADIO RECEIVERS

Q. In a super – heterodyne receiver, the

frequency of local oscillator is
A. Half that of incoming signal
B. Slightly less than that of incoming
signal
C. Higher than that of incoming signal
D. Equal to that of incoming signal
 RADIO RECEIVERS
Q. In a radio receiver, AGC works by
A. Tuning the local oscillator
B. Turning off the audio section in the
absence of a received signal
C. Adjusting the gain of RF and IF
amplifiers
D. Limiting the signal level using a clipper
in the audio section
 RADIO RECEIVERS

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