UNITS OF MEASUREMENT

• Provide standards so that

the numbers from our
measurements refer to the
same thing.
• Measurement is a process
that uses numbers to
describe a physical
quantity.
• We can measure how big
things are, how warm they
are, how heavy they are,
and lots of other features
as well.
 UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
• FILES – contains thousands of bytes, file sizes
are often measured in kilobytes.
• Larger files – such as images, videos, and
audio files contains millions of bytes and
therefore are measured in megabytes.
• Modern storage devices can store thousands of
these files, which is why storage capacity is typically
measured in gigabytes or even terabytes.
 BIT
 The smallest unit of measurement used for
measuring data. (b)
 isa basic unit of information in computing and
digital communications.
 The bit represents a logical state with one of two
possible values.
A single bit can have a value of either 0 or 1. These
values are most commonly represented as either
"1"or"0", but other representations such as
true/false, yes/no, +/−, or on/off are common.
BINARY (or base-2) a numeric system that only uses two digits —
0 and 1.
Computers operate in binary, meaning they store data and perform
calculations using only zeros and ones.
A single binary digit can only represent True (1) or False (0) in
boolean logic. However, multiple binary digits can be used to
represent large numbers and perform complex functions. In fact,
any integer can be represented in binary.
 a byte, or eight bits, is used as the fundamental unit of
BYT measurement for data. A byte can store 28 or 256 different
values, which is sufficient to represent standard ASCII
E 
characters, such as letters, numbers and symbols.
Historically, the byte was the number of bits used to encode a single
character of text in a computer and for this reason it is the smallest
addressable unit of memory in many computer architectures.
 To disambiguate arbitrarily sized bytes from the common 8-bit definition,
network protocol documents such as The Internet Protocol (RFC 791)
(1981) refer to an 8-bit byte as an octet.

NOTE:
1. static IP address, the address does not change.
2. dynamic IP addresses, which are assigned by the network when they connect and change
over time.
 3 1
 is a 10 or 1000 multiple of the unit byte for
KILOBYT digital information.
 The International System of Units (SI) defines the
E 3
prefix kilo as 1000 or 10 symbol for the kilobyte is
kb.)
1 KILOBYTE =1000 bytes
1000 KB = 1MB
 A related unit, the kibibyte (KiB), using a binary
prefix, is equal to 1024 bytes, 10
 kilobyte instead denotes 1024 (2 ) bytes. This
arises from the prevalence of powers of two in
memory circuit design.
10
(2 ) 2X2X2X2X2X2X2X2X =
2X2
1 1024
KILOBYTE = 1024 BYTES
 MEGABYTE
 (MB) 6 2
is a 10 or 1000 multiple of the unit byte for digital information.
 The unit prefix mega is a multiplier of 1,000,0006 (10 ) in the
International System of Units (SI).
1 MB = 1,000,000 BYTES 1000 MB = 1GB

 A related unit, the mebibyte (MiB), using a binary prefix, is equal to

2
1MB =1024 bytes or 1,048,576 bytes
20
 2 bytes = 1,048,576 bytes
 GIGABYTE

(GB) 9 3
is a 10 or 1000 multiple of the unit byte for digital information
9
 The unit prefix giga is10 or 1 billion bytes in the International
System of Units (SI).
therefore: 1 GB = 1,000,000,000 BYTES 1000 GB = 1TB

 A related unit, the gibibyte (GiB), using a binary prefix, is equal to

3
1GB =1024 bytes = 1,073,741,824 bytes
30
 2 bytes = 1,073,741,824 bytes
 TERABYTE
(TB)
12 4
 is a 10 or 1000 multiple of the unit byte for digital information. Its
recommended unit symbol is TB.
12
 The unit prefix tera is10 or 1 trillion bytes in the International
System of Units (SI).
therefore: 1 TB = 1,000,000,000,000 BYTES 1000 TB= 1 PB

 A related unit, the tebibyte (TiB), using a binary prefix, is equal to

4
1GB =1024 bytes = 1,099,511,627,776 bytes
40
 2 bytes = 1,099,511,627,776 bytes
PETABYTE
(PB)15 5
 10 or 1000 bytes of digital information.
 The name is composed of the SI prefix peta- (P)
composed with the non-SI unit of a byte.
 1 PB = 1,000,000,000,000,000B = 1000 TB
1000 PB = 1 EXABYTE
 A related unit, the pebibyte (PiB), using a binary prefix, is equal
5
to 1024 bytes, which is more than 12% greater
50
(2 bytes = 1,125,899,906,842,624 bytes)
EXABYTE
(EB)18 6
 10 or 1000 bytes of digital information.
 Units (SI), the prefix exa- indicates multiplication by the
sixth power of 1000
1 EB = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000B = 1000 PT
1000 EB = 1 ZETTABYTE
 A related unit, the exbibyte (EiB), using a binary prefix, is equal
6
to 1024 bytes, which is more than 15% larger
 260 bytes = 1,152,921,504,606,846976 bytes
ZETTABYTE
(ZB)21 7
 10 or 1000 bytes of digital information.
 Units (SI), the prefix zetta- indicates multiplication by
21
the seventh power of 1000 or 10 in the International
System of Unit (SI)
1 ZB = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000B = 1000
EXABYTES
1000
7 ZB = 1 YOTTABYTE (YB)
 A related unit, the exbibyte (EiB), using a binary prefix, is equal
70
to 1024 bytes,
 2 bytes = 1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424 bytes
YOTTABYTE
(YB)24 8
 10 or 1000 bytes of digital information.
 Units (SI), the prefix yotta- indicates multiplication by
24
the eight power of 1000 or 10 in the International
System of Unit (SI)
1 YB = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000B = 1000
ZETTABYTES
1000
8 ZB = 1 YOTTABYTE (YB)
 A related unit, the yobibyte (YiB), using a binary prefix, is equal
80
to 1024 bytes,
 (2 bytes = 1,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176 bytes)
DATA STORAGE UNIT OF
MEASUREMENTS Unit Value Size

bit 0 or 1/8 of a
(b) 1 byte

byte (B) 8 bits 1 byte

kilobyte (KB) 10001 bytes 1,000 bytes

(1thousand)

megabyte 10002 bytes (1 1,000,000 bytes

(MB) million)

gigabyte (GB) 10003 bytes (1 1,000,000,000 bytes

billion)

terabyte (TB) 10004 bytes 1,000,000,000,000 bytes

(1trillion)
petabyte (PB) 10005 bytes 1,000,000,000,000,000 bytes

exabyte (EB) 10006 bytes 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes

zettabyte 10007 bytes 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000

(ZB) bytes

yottabyte 10008 bytes 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,0

(YB) 00 bytes