PRINCIPLES OF

ENVIRONMENTAL
SCIENCE AND
ENGINEERING
INTRODUCTION TO
ENVIRONMENTAL
SCIENCE AND
ENGINEERING
WHAT IS ENVIRONMENT?
All the things around us with which we
interact:
Living Things
Animals, plants, forests, fungi, etc.
Nonliving Things
Continents, oceans, cloud, soil, rocks.
WHAT IS ENVIRONMENT?
All the things around us with which we
interact:
Our built Environment
Buildings, human-created living centers.
Social relationships and institutions.
SCIENCE
Understanding of the natural and social
world
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Study of how humans interact with their
environment.
ENGINEERING
Use this understanding to develop and
apply technologies that will maintain or
improve environmental quality.
WHAT IS ENGINEER?
Problem solver
Specifically they are the one who uses
science to solve real world problems.
WHAT IS ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEER?
They are the one who solves
environmental problems using scientific
tools.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Environmental engineering is the

application of science and engineering
principles to the design of environmental
protection and remediation strategies
using physical, chemical, and biological
treatment methods, all within a
regulatory framework.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Environmental science and

engineering provides an overview of
the current environmental issues and
knowledge limitations, and explores
the best-available engineering solutions
to some of our most pressing
environmental problems.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

• It emphasizes the interconnected

biological, geological, and chemical
cycles of the earth system
(biogeochemical cycles) and how
human activity affects these natural
cycles within each of the major
environmental compartments,
atmospheric, aquatic, and terrestrial
 ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL
SCIENTISTS AND
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS
WHAT IS ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTISTS?
Environmental Scientists are experts
who conduct research to determine how
various elements affect ecosystems,
human health, and the environment as a
whole. They examine the environment
and how it interacts with human activity.
WHAT IS ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTISTS?
Environmental Scientists main duty is
to protect the environment against
possible risks and to protect individuals
from environmental dangers. In order to
protect these natural resources and
people's health, environmental scientists
concentrate especially on the immediate
environment, including the air, land, and
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTISTS
Determine data collection methods, then
collect and analyze samples of soil, water, air,
and other materials.
Conduct fieldwork to investigate the nature
and extent of soil, sediment, groundwater,
and other media contamination.
Develop plans to prevent, control, or fix
environmental problems.
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTISTS
Perform program research, planning and
development, permitting, compliance
monitoring, inspections/ enforcement, and
technical support services in relation to air,
water, waste, federal facilities, corrective
action, mining, biology, and other
environmental programs.
WHAT IS ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS?
Environmental Engineers who utilize
scientific and engineering principles to
design solutions for environmental
problems with the goal of creating
technologies and systems that minimize
adverse effects on the environment are
known as environmental engineers.
WHAT IS ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS?
Environmental Engineers uses scientific
and engineering concepts to address
environmental issues and advance
sustainable development. Environmental
engineers seek to maintain resource
efficiency, reduce pollution, and protect
the environment.
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS
Environmental Assessments
Environmental Planning and Management
Water and Wastewater Management
Research and Development
ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS
WHAT IS ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEM?
Environmental system is a system
comprising of biotic and abiotic factors
that interact within various ecologic
segments or spheres that include;
atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere
and biosphere.
Atmosphere: The layer of gases that
envelope the planet is known as the
atmosphere. It is mostly composed of
nitrogen ( about 78%) and oxygen
( about 21%), with a small quantity of
argon (about 0.9%) and other gases
(about 0.1%). The atmosphere maintains
the Earth's temperature while shielding
Hydrosphere: The water systems on
Earth make up the Earth's hydrosphere.
The oceans, lakes, rivers, and
groundwater are all part of it. Because it
produces water for drinking, irrigation,
and manufacturing, the hydrosphere is
crucial for life. It also aids in regulating
the climate on Earth.
Lithosphere: The Earth's upper mantle
and crust are known as the lithosphere.
The lithosphere, composed of rocks and
minerals, serves as the substrate for the
ecosystems on Earth.
BIOSPHERE; The biosphere is made up
of the parts of Earth where life exists—all
ecosystems. The biosphere extends from
the deepest root systems of trees, to the
dark environments of ocean trenches, to
lush rain forests, high mountaintops, and
transition zones like this one, where
ocean and terrestrial ecosystems meet.
TAKE NOTE!
These three environmental systems are
linked and cooperate to keep life on
Earth possible. For instance, the
hydrosphere is impacted by the
atmosphere's role in controlling Earth's
temperature. The hydrosphere supplies
the biosphere with water, and the
biosphere contributes to atmospheric
THREAT TO EARTH'S ENVIRONMENTAL
SYSTEMS
Some human activities put the three
environmental systems in danger,
including air pollution from factories and
cars that can damage the atmosphere.
The hydrosphere can also be impacted
by water pollution brought on by
industry and agriculture, while the
ENVIRONMENTAL
LEGISLATION AND
REGULATION
WHAT IS ENVIRONMENTAL
LEGISLATION?
Environmental legislation is the
collection of laws and regulations
pertaining to air quality, water quality,
the wilderness, endangered wildlife and
other environmental factors.
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF
ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION?
Environmental law works to protect
land, air, water, and soil. Negligence of
these laws results in various
punishments like fines, community
service, and in some extreme cases, jail
time.
MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
REPUBLIC ACT 9003 ECOLOGICAL SOLID
WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT OF 2000
In partnership with stakeholders, the law
aims to adopt a systematic, comprehensive
and ecological solid waste management
program that shall ensure the protection of
public health and environment.
MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
REPUBLIC ACT 9275 PHILIPPINE CLEAN
WATER ACT OF 2004
The law aims to protect the country's
water bodies from pollution from land-
based sources (industries and commercial
establishments, agriculture and
community/household activities).
MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
REPUBLIC ACT 8749 PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR
ACT OF 1999
The law aims to achieve and maintain
clean air that meets the National Air Quality
guideline values for criteria pollutants,
throughout the Philippines, while
minimizing the possible associated impacts
to the economy.
MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
REPUBLIC ACT 6969 TOXIC SUBSTANCES,
HAZARDOUS AND NUCLEAR WASTE CONTROL
ACT OF 1990
The law aims to regulate restrict or
prohibit the importation, manufacture,
processing, sale, distribution, use and
disposal of chemical substances and
mixtures the present unreasonable risk to
MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE 1586 ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT STATEMENT (EIS) STATEMENT OF 1978
The Environment Impact Assessment
System was formally established in 1978
with the enactment of Presidential Decree
no. 1586 to facilitate the attainment and
maintenance of rational and orderly
balance between socio-economic
WHAT IS ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND
PROTECTION?
Environmental Protection Law aims to
protect and improve the environment,
prevent and control pollution and other
public hazards, safeguard public health,
enhance the construction of ecological
civilization and promote sustainable
economic and social development.
 ENVIRONMENTAL
INTERNATIONAL AND
NATIONAL LAWS
WHAT IS INTERNATIONAL
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW?
International Environmental law is thus
used simply as a convenient way to
encompass the entire corpus of
international law, public and private,
relevant to environmental issues or
problems, in the same way as the use of
the terms law of the sea, Human Right
WHAT IS INTERNATIONAL
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW?
It is not intended thereby to indicate the
existence of some new discipline based
exclusively on environmental
perspectives and strategies, though these
have played an important role in
stimulating legal developments in this
field, as we shall observe.
WHAT IS NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL
LAW?
In the context of the Ethiopian legal system,
National environmental law includes the
provisions concerning the environment in the
1995 FDRE constitution; different
environmental treaties ratified by the House
of Representatives according to Art. 9 (4) of
our constitution and all laws (federal and
regional) concerned with the environment
(Forestry, Land, Water use and other sectoral
FACTORS THAT GAVE RISE TO ENVIRONMENTAL
LAW: NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL
PERSPECTIVE
Firstis the existence of an extensive
range of environmental problems.
1. Pollution generated from within a
particular state often has a serious impact
upon other countries.
2. The fact that these environmental
problems cannot be resolved by states
FACTORS THAT GAVE RISE TO ENVIRONMENTAL
LAW: NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL
PERSPECTIVE
Second, the question of the relationship
between the protection of the
environment and the need for economic
development is another factor
underpinning the evolution of
environmental law.
REFERENCES
• Introduction to Environmental Science and Engineering
• https://
www.studocu.com/ph/document/universidad-de-zamboanga/medical-t
echnology/module-1-ge-3-envi-science/31951034
• https://
www.slideshare.net/moududhasan/1-introduction-to-environmental-en
gineering

• Role of Environmental Scientists and Environmental

Engineers
• https://www.careerexplorer.com/careers/environmental-engineer/
• https://www.liveabout.com/what-is-an-environmental-scientist-526015
• Environmental Systems
REFERENCES
• Environmental Legislation and Regulation
• https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-monroe-environmentalbiolog
y/chapter/16-2-environmental-laws-and-regulations/#:~:text=Environ
mental%20laws%20today%20encompass%20a,those%20that%20live
%20in%20it
.

• Environmental International and National Laws

• https
://www.abyssinialaw.com/about-us/item/463-introduction-to-environme
ntal-law-from-international-and-national-law-perspectives
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