CRUCIAL AREAS MAKING UP A

RESEARCH PROPOSAL
• A research proposal is a written description of a project that has
not yet been undertaken
• The proposal do describe the nature of the project(Zina ,2021)
• It also sets out how to carry out the actual research project and in
our case qualitative research project
1.Research Question
• Here the statement is problem is clearly stated .
• The objectives of the study are also critically elaborated on .
• The hypothesis of the study is also written down .
• The statement problem is important as one is aware what the whole project is about.
• For example the increased cases of dropouts in high schools is one kind of a topic.
• The objectives of the study can include checking on why there is increased cases of dropouts from high schools and
the recommendations the can make to help curb this(Zina ,2021)
• The study's focus is determined by the research question, which also outlines the
researcher's objectives. It serves as the foundation of the study, directing its design,
gathering of data, and analysis (Creswell & Poth, 2018).
• A well-defined research topic prevents scope creep, ensures consistency, and keeps the
study concentrated and in line with the primary goals, all of which contribute to more
focused outcomes.
2.Literature review
• The literature review gives background information by reviewing and analyzing previous
studies on the subject. It establishes the significance of the study, points out gaps, and
underlines what is previously known (Merriam & Tisdell, 2016).
• A solid literature review offers a theoretical foundation, places the study in a larger
academic context, and argues for the necessity of the research.
• The section involves systematic identification, location and analysis of documents that
relates to the topic under study
• This section should present a review of the literature related to the purpose of the study
• The section should be organized according to the research questions and objectives
• Importance of Literature Review
• To determine what has been done in the area being studied
• Avoid unnecessary and unintentional duplication of work.
• Form framework from which research findings are interrupted.
• Demonstrate writer’s familiarity with the existing body of knowledge
3.Research Methodology
The study's methodologies, such as focus groups and interviews for data collecting and theme coding
for analysis, are described in the methodology (Creswell & Poth, 2018).
A well-defined technique guarantees a methodical approach appropriate for the study subject,
enhancing credibility and supporting replication.
Under this, the procedure that have will be followed when conducting the study is stated
It consists of
i)Research Design
Here one specifies the type of research design to be used
For example experimental, observational and correlational research designs
ii)Sampling procedures
A subset of a particular population is called a sample .
A researcher might have a sampling sample which he will use during the study
The sampling frame is the list of cases from which a sample can be selected
The procedures ca include probability and non probability sampling
It is necessary to note down the procedure used so as the reader can know whether it was from a
specified population or not
4.Research Instruments

• A researcher do need to develop instruments with which to collect data is necessary

• In most social science research the commonly used instruments include ;
Questionnaires
Interview schedules
Observational forms
Standardized tests
• This instruments helps one to choose the best for his or her project that they are
undertaking
5.Data Collection
• Under this, the researcher states how they are going to collected the data .
• The researcher should have prior knowledge of the nature of the investigation .
• One should check also on time availability and the desired degree of accuracy
• The can use:
Observation
Personal interviews
Telephone interviews
By mailing of questionaries'
Through schedules
6.Realistic Timeline

• A well structured time frame is crucial for the success of research project
• It do break the proposed study in phases that can be managed
• This helps when monitoring the progress and making sure that the
research is feasible within the available resources(Wilson ,2014)
• A good realistic timeline should include the start and completion dates for
different research activities(Wilson ,2014)
• It makes it so easy to be able to track milestones and adjust plans required
7.Setting the budget
• Every research project to be able to run the activities smoothly
• It is usually an estimate of the financial resources needed to conduct the
research(Wilson ,2014)
• It entails the breakdown of anticipated expenses for example the recruitment of
participants and equipment's etc.(Wilson ,2014)
8.Ethical Considerations
In qualitative research, ethics are necessary for preserving participant
welfare and data integrity through informed permission, confidentiality,
and rights protection (Merriam & Tisdell, 2016).
By enhancing credibility and confidence, ethical norms make study
participants feel safe and secure.
9.Proper Citation
• This section contains the resources inform of books and websites that one is going
to utilize in the research project
• It helps the readers to be able to locate the resources that one is going to use
• It also helps in avoiding of plagiarism which is very offensive academic act
 10.Limitations of Research
• Reliability and scope may be impacted by limitations, which are study restrictions such
as sample size, possible bias, or subjectivity (Yin, 2018).
• By acknowledging limitations, one can set reasonable expectations, show honesty, and
assist readers in understanding the limits of the study's findings.
 References
Zina, O. (2021). The essential guide to doing your research project. Sage.
Wilson, J. (2014). Essentials of business research: A guide to doing your research project.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and
research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.).
Sage Publications.
Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2016). Qualitative research: A
guide to design and implementation (4th ed.). Jossey-Bass.
Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design
and methods (6th ed.). Sage Publications.