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Using Drawing Tools & Applied Geometry

Chapter 2 covers the preparation and use of drawing tools and applied geometry for problem-solving. It details the setup of tools like paper, pencils, and compasses, as well as techniques for drawing straight lines, angles, and tangent arcs. The chapter emphasizes the importance of proper tool handling and geometric constructions in achieving accurate drawings.

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10 views32 pages

Using Drawing Tools & Applied Geometry

Chapter 2 covers the preparation and use of drawing tools and applied geometry for problem-solving. It details the setup of tools like paper, pencils, and compasses, as well as techniques for drawing straight lines, angles, and tangent arcs. The chapter emphasizes the importance of proper tool handling and geometric constructions in achieving accurate drawings.

Uploaded by

mubvunzimubvunzi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 2

Using drawing tools


& applied geometry
Contents

Preparation of tools
Using of tools
Applied Geometry
(or geometrical constructions)
Problem solving steps
Preparation of
Tools

Contents
Tools to be prepared

1. Paper Fastening a sheet to a drafting board

2. Pencils Sharpening the lead

3. Compass Sharpening the lead


Paper
1. Place a paper close to the left edge of a
table where a drafter can work conveniently.
2. Place a T-square.

3. Move the paper until its lower edge lies


close to the top edge of a T-square.

4. Align the top edge of the paper with


T-square blade.

5. Attach the paper’s corners with tape.

6. Move T-square down to smooth the paper.

7. Attach the remaining paper’s corners


with tape.
Pencil
1. Remove the wood with penknife while expose a lead
about 8-10 mm.
2. Polish the lead into a conical shape with a sandpaper.
3. Clean the lead with tissue paper.
Compass
1. Sharpen the lead with a sandpaper.

2. Adjust the needle and the lead so that the tip of


the needle extends slightly more than the lead.

needle lead
Using the Tools

Contents
Function of the tools

Tools Shape to be drawn

1. T-square
Straight line
2. Triangles
T-square and triangles can be used together to draw
an inclined line with 15o increment, i.e. 15o, 30o, 45o,
60o, 75o, 90o, 105o, 120o, 135o, 150o, 165o, 180o etc.

3. Compass
Arc, Circle
4. Circle template
To keep your drawing clean
Do Don’t
Using a compass
1. Locate the center of the circle to be drawn.
Draw two intersecting lines.
2. Adjust the distance between a needle and a lead
to be a radius of the circle.
3. Set the needle point at the circle’s center.
Using a compass
4. Start circle. Apply enough pressure to the needle,
holding the compass handle between thumb and index
fingers.
5. Complete circle. Revolve the handle clockwise.
Draw a line through the given points

Given Explanations
1. Place the pencil tip at one of the

A given points.
2. Place the triangle against the
pencil tip.

B 3. Swing the triangle around the


pencil tip until its edge aligns with
the second point.
4. Draw a line.

play
Draw a horizontal line
1. Press the T-square head against the left edge
of the table.
2. Smooth the blade to the right.
Draw a horizontal line
3. Lean the pencil at an angle about 60o with the paper
in the direction of the line and slightly “toed in”.
4. Rotate the pencil slowly while moving the pencil
from left to right.
Draw a horizontal line
5. Move T-square up or down to draw another
horizontal line.
Draw a vertical line
1. Set T-square as before.
Place any triangle on T-square edge.
2. Use your left hand to hold both T-square and triangle
in position.
Draw a vertical line
3. Lean the pencil to the triangle.
4. Draw the line upward while rotating the pencil slowly.
Draw a line at 30o with horizontal
1. Place 30o-60o triangle on the T-square edge and press
them firmly against the paper.
2. Draw the line in the direction as shown below.
Draw a line at 45o with horizontal
1. Place 45o triangle on the T-square edge and press
them firmly against the paper.
2. Draw the line in the direction as shown below.
Draw a line at 60o with horizontal
1. Place 30o-60o triangle on the T-square edge and press
them firmly against the paper.

2. Draw the line in the direction as shown below.


Drawing a tangent curve
to the given lines

Applied Geometry Contents


Key Concept
To draw a tangent arc (of a specified radius, R),
it is necessary to locate
1. its center, C.
It places outside a line for a distance
equal to a radius of an arc. R
R

2. the start and end points


R
(or tangent points) of the arc.
It lies on a given line in the way
that the line passing through this
point and the center of an arc be
perpendicular to a given line.
Tangent arc to the given lines
2. Locate the tangent points

TP.1
TP.2

Replay

Applied Geometry
Drawing a tangent curve
to the given curves

Applied Geometry Contents


Key Concept
Tangent point lies on the line passes through the centers
of each arc (or circle).

R3

R2

R1
Tangent arc to a given arcs (or circles)
To draw a tangent arc (of a specified radius, R),
it is necessary to locate
1. its center, C.
2. the start and end points (or tangent points) of the arc.

Case 1 : External Case 2 : Internal

C
R R
R2
R2 R1
R1
C1 C2
C1 C2
R-R1 R-R2
C
External tangent arc

Given
R + R2
R + R1 C R2
R
R1

C1+ + C2

play

Applied Geometry
Internal tangent arc (Type 1)

Given
R

R2
R1

+ +
C1 C2

C R – R2
R – R1

play

Applied Geometry
Internal tangent arc (Type 2)

Given

R2
R1
C2
C1+ +
R

R – R1
C
play R + R2

Applied Geometry
Problem solving steps
1. Calculate the required space.

2. Layout the drawing steps.

3. Match the construction techniques to each drawing step.

4. Start drawing.

Always use a construction line if the information to draw


a line or a curve is incomplete.
Example
Drawing steps VDO

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